Mac配置vscode下的C++开发环境与调试设置分享

碎碎念

最近入手了macbook pro 2020 13.3寸, 立刻想着在mac配置上vscode的C++安装环境, 但经历了不少挫折. 一开始是想参照知乎@谭九鼎的windows10下相关配置链接来设置, 但发现不少bug, 如Mac配置gdb似乎很麻烦, 得改为自带的lldb. 改好之后调试居然无法显示终端, 而且无法进行输入交互!! 最后还是在vscode的官方文档中抄了设置并参考了很多CSDN的文章才慢慢设置好. 下面分享一下安装的插件和相关配置文件, 留作备份.

推荐安装插件

• Bracket Pair Colorizer 2 (强烈推荐)
• C/C++ (必须安装)
• Chinese (Simplified) Language Pack for Visual Studio Code (可选)
• Code Runner (强烈推荐)
• CodeLLDB (必须安装)

配置文件

在工作目录中新建.vscode文件夹, 然后进入该文件夹分别新建如下名称文件:

1. launch.json

{
     
  // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
  // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
  // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
     
      "name": "clang++ - Build and debug active file",
      "type": "cppdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": true,
      "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
      "environment": [],
      "externalConsole": true, // 调用Mac自带终端
      "MIMode": "lldb",
      "preLaunchTask": "clang++ build active file"
    }
  ]
}

2.tasks.json

{
     
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
      {
     
          "type": "shell",
          "label": "clang++ build active file",
          "command": "/usr/bin/clang++",
          "args": [
              "-std=c++17",
              "-stdlib=libc++",
              "-g",
              "${file}",
              "-o",
              "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}"
          ],
          "options": {
     
              "cwd": "/usr/bin"
          },
          "problemMatcher": "$gcc",
          "group": {
     
            "kind": "build",
            "isDefault": true
          },
          "presentation": {
     
            "echo": true,
            "reveal": "always", 
            "focus": false,     
            "panel": "new"   // 可选为shared, 但编译会提示终端被任务重用, 建议设置为new
        },
      }
  ]
}

3. settings.json

{
     
    "files.defaultLanguage": "c++", // 输入分号(C/C++的语句结束标识)后自动格式化当前这一行的代码
    "editor.suggest.snippetsPreventQuickSuggestions": false, // clangd的snippets有很多的跳转点，不用这个就必须手动触发Intellisense了
    "editor.acceptSuggestionOnEnter": "on", // on: 回车自动补全 off: tab自动补全
    // "editor.snippetSuggestions": "top", // （可选）snippets显示在补全列表顶端，默认是inline

    "code-runner.runInTerminal": true, // 设置成false会在“输出”中输出，无法输入
    "code-runner.executorMap": {
     
        "c": "cd $dir && gcc $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt.out -Wall -O2 -std=c11 && ./$fileNameWithoutExt.out",
        "cpp": "cd $dir && g++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt.out -Wall -O2 -std=c++17 && ./$fileNameWithoutExt.out"
    }, 
    "code-runner.saveFileBeforeRun": true, // run code前保存
    "code-runner.preserveFocus": false,     // 若为false，run code后光标会聚焦到终端上。如果需要频繁输入数据可设为false
    "code-runner.clearPreviousOutput": false, // 每次run code前清空属于code runner的终端消息，默认false
    "code-runner.ignoreSelection": true,   // 默认为false，效果是鼠标选中一块代码后可以单独执行，但C是编译型语言，不适合这样用

    "C_Cpp.clang_format_sortIncludes": true,
    "editor.formatOnType": true, // 格式化时调整include的顺序（按字母排序）
}

4. c_cpp_properties.json
   与windows下不同, mac下似乎必须设置该项, 按shift+command+p, 选择C/C++: Edit Configurations (UI), 按下图设置并保存自动生成c_cpp_properties.json.

{
     
    "configurations": [
        {
     
            "name": "Mac",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "macFrameworkPath": [
                "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks"
            ], // 建议先安装xcode, 该项可以自动生成
            "compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang",
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

ok, 配置完成, 现在你可以逐步调试程序, 并显示调试终端了, 此外可以在调试中可以通过cin交互输入.

主要参考资料

• 官方文档
• 知乎@谭九鼎: Visual Studio Code 如何编写运行 C、C++ 程序？