Spring源码之依赖注入、初始化分析

文章目录

前言

  上篇文章讲过了Spring实例化bean调用类的构造方法,但只是在堆内存中分配一块内存空间,但是类中的属性还没有注入到对象中,这篇文章着重讲解依赖注入的过程……


一、注解的装配收集

`// 这个方法主要完成对类中注解的收集工作
protected void applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(RootBeanDefinition mbd, Class beanType, String beanName) {
        // 循环遍历所有的BeanPostProcessor
        for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
        //调用MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor的postProcessMergedBeanDefinition方法
            if (bp instanceof MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) {
                MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor bdp = (MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor) bp;
                //收集到所有的注解信息封装到InjectionMetadata中
                bdp.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanType, beanName);
            }
        }
    }` 

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循环遍历所有的MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor,主要有以下几种用于对注解的收集:

  1. AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:处理@Autowired、@Value注解的收集
  2. CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:处理@Resource注解的收集
  3. InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor:处理@PostConstruct、@PreDestroy注解的收集

我们以AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor为例具体看看是怎么进行注解的收集工作的?

`public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class beanType, String beanName) {
    // 注解的信息封装到InjectionMetadata中
    InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
    metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
}` 

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继续看findAutowiringMetadata方法

`private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class clazz, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) {
    // 缓存key值
    String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
    // 首先检查injectionMetadataCache缓存中是否有值,有则直接返回
    InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
    if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
        synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
            metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
            if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
                if (metadata != null) {
                    metadata.clear(pvs);
                }
                // 注解信息的主要封装过程
                metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
                // 放到缓存里面,以后需要用到注解的话直接从缓存中拿即可
                this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
            }
        }
    }
    return metadata;
}` 

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接下里我们看,注解信息的主要封装过程buildAutowiringMetadata方法

`private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(final Class clazz) {
    // 如果类中没有相关注解,则返回空
    if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, this.autowiredAnnotationTypes)) {
        return InjectionMetadata.EMPTY;
    }
    // InjectedElement类型的集合
    List elements = new ArrayList<>();
    Class targetClass = clazz;

    do {
        final List currElements = new ArrayList<>();
        // 寻找field上面的@Autowire注解并封装成对象
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(targetClass, field -> {
            MergedAnnotation ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
            if (ann != null) {
                // 属性为静态修饰直接返回,不进行封装
                if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                // 属性上面注解的值
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                // 将属性方面的的注解封装成AutowiredFieldElement放到currElements集合中
                // AutowiredFieldElement为InjectedElement的子类
                currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
            }
        });

        // 寻找method上面的@Autowire注解并封装成对象
        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
            // 桥接方法(代理模式)
            Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
            if (!BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod)) {
                return;
            }
            // 方法上面的注解
            MergedAnnotation ann = findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod);
            if (ann != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
                if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
                    }
                    return;
                }
                if (method.getParameterCount() == 0) {
                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        logger.info("Autowired annotation should only be used on methods with parameters: " +
                                method);
                    }
                }
                boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(ann);
                // 方法的类型对象
                PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(bridgedMethod, clazz);
                //封装成AutowiredMethodElement放到currElements集合中
                // AutowiredMethodElement是InjectedElement的子类
                currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
            }
        });
        //final修饰的currElements中的值放到elements中
        elements.addAll(0, currElements);
        targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
    }
    while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);
    //封装成InjectionMetadata
    return InjectionMetadata.forElements(elements, clazz);
}` 

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我们在对属性进行依赖注入的时候,推荐使用@Resource注解,因为@Resource注解是JDK支持的,那么我们来看看Spring对@Resource的处理

`public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class beanType, String beanName) {
    super.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(beanDefinition, beanType, beanName);
    // 处理@Resource注解的收集
    InjectionMetadata metadata = findResourceMetadata(beanName, beanType, null);
    metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
}` 

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经过跟踪源码,整体流程和对@Autowired的处理大同小异,但不同的是调用了父类的
super.postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(beanDefinition, beanType, beanName)
这里又是做了些什么呢?

`public void postProcessMergedBeanDefinition(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, Class beanType, String beanName) {
    // 处理@PostConstruct、@PreDestroy注解的收集
    LifecycleMetadata metadata = findLifecycleMetadata(beanType);
    metadata.checkConfigMembers(beanDefinition);
}` 

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继续看findLifecycleMetadata

`private LifecycleMetadata findLifecycleMetadata(Class clazz) {
    if (this.lifecycleMetadataCache == null) {
        // Happens after deserialization, during destruction...
        return buildLifecycleMetadata(clazz);
    }
    // 缓存中获取
    LifecycleMetadata metadata = this.lifecycleMetadataCache.get(clazz);
    if (metadata == null) {
        synchronized (this.lifecycleMetadataCache) {
            metadata = this.lifecycleMetadataCache.get(clazz);
            if (metadata == null) {
                // 主要处理方法
                metadata = buildLifecycleMetadata(clazz);
                // 放到缓存中
                this.lifecycleMetadataCache.put(clazz, metadata);
            }
            return metadata;
        }
    }
    return metadata;
}` 

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接着来看buildLifecycleMetadata方法

`private LifecycleMetadata buildLifecycleMetadata(final Class clazz) {
    // 如果没有注解则返回空
    if (!AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(clazz, Arrays.asList(this.initAnnotationType, this.destroyAnnotationType))) {
        return this.emptyLifecycleMetadata;
    }

    List initMethods = new ArrayList<>();
    List destroyMethods = new ArrayList<>();
    Class targetClass = clazz;

    do {
        final List currInitMethods = new ArrayList<>();
        final List currDestroyMethods = new ArrayList<>();

        ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalMethods(targetClass, method -> {
            //initAnnotationType是@PostConstruct注解
            if (this.initAnnotationType != null && method.isAnnotationPresent(this.initAnnotationType)) {
                LifecycleElement element = new LifecycleElement(method);
                currInitMethods.add(element);
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Found init method on class [" + clazz.getName() + "]: " + method);
                }
            }
            // destroyAnnotationType是@preDestroy注解
            if (this.destroyAnnotationType != null && method.isAnnotationPresent(this.destroyAnnotationType)) {
                currDestroyMethods.add(new LifecycleElement(method));
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Found destroy method on class [" + clazz.getName() + "]: " + method);
                }
            }
        });

        initMethods.addAll(0, currInitMethods);
        destroyMethods.addAll(currDestroyMethods);
        targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
    }
    while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

    return (initMethods.isEmpty() && destroyMethods.isEmpty() ? this.emptyLifecycleMetadata :
            new LifecycleMetadata(clazz, initMethods, destroyMethods));
}` 

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二、属性的依赖注入

`applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
|
>这个名字起的就非常有意思,填充bean,
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);` 

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看看这个方法的具体操作

`protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
    // 对bw的校验
    if (bw == null) {
        if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
        }
        else {
            // Skip property population phase for null instance.
            return;
        }
    }

    //在设置属性之前,让任何InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors都有机会修改Bean的状态。
    if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
        for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
            //实现InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口
            if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                // 是否需要DI
                if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //postProcessPropertyValues是属于弃用状态,暂不关注
    PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
    int resolvedAutowireMode = mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode();
    if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME || resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
        MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
        // Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
        if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
            autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
        }
        // Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
        if (resolvedAutowireMode == AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
            autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
        }
        pvs = newPvs;
    }

    boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
    boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != AbstractBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

    PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = null;
    if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
        if (pvs == null) {
            pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
        }
        for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
            if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                // @Autowire支持依赖注入的过程,主要看这里
                PropertyValues pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessProperties(pvs, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                if (pvsToUse == null) {
                    if (filteredPds == null) {
                        filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
                    }

                    // 老版本用这个完成依赖注入的过程,@Autowire的支持
                    pvsToUse = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                    if (pvsToUse == null) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
                pvs = pvsToUse;
            }
        }
    }
    if (needsDepCheck) {
        if (filteredPds == null) {
            filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
        }
        checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
    }

    // 标签做依赖注入的代码实现,复杂且无用
    if (pvs != null) {
        applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
    }
}` 

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进入postProcessProperties方法,这个方法是一个钩子方法,直接看实现类
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties

`public PropertyValues postProcessProperties(PropertyValues pvs, Object bean, String beanName) {
    //这个方法是不是很熟悉呢,在注解收集的时候调用过,所以这里直接从缓存中拿到InjectionMetadata
    InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass(), pvs);
    try {
        //调用反射方法
        metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
    }
    catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
        throw ex;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
    }
    return pvs;
}` 

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进入到metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);

`public void inject(Object target, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    Collection checkedElements = this.checkedElements;
    Collection elementsToIterate =
            (checkedElements != null ? checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
    if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
        for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Processing injected element of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
            }
            // 遍历每一个节点的反射方法
            element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
        }
    }
}` 

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进入到子类AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredFieldElement的inject方法

`/**
 * inject 依赖注入的最终反射实现
 */
protected void inject(Object bean, @Nullable String beanName, @Nullable PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
    Field field = (Field) this.member;
    Object value;
    if (this.cached) {
        value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
    }
    else {
        DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
        desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
        Set autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(1);
        Assert.state(beanFactory != null, "No BeanFactory available");
        TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
        try {
            value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(null, beanName, new InjectionPoint(field), ex);
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            if (!this.cached) {
                if (value != null || this.required) {
                    this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
                    registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
                    if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
                        String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
                        if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName) &&
                                beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
                            this.cachedFieldValue = new ShortcutDependencyDescriptor(
                                    desc, autowiredBeanName, field.getType());
                        }
                    }
                }
                else {
                    this.cachedFieldValue = null;
                }
                this.cached = true;
            }
        }
    }
    if (value != null) {
        // 字段设置为可访问的
        ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
        // 最终field的依赖注入通过反射实现
        field.set(bean, value);
    }
}` 

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方法的依赖注入与字段的类似,调用的子类AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.AutowiredMethodElement的inject方法,这里不多做赘述。

三、bean实例化后置处理

bean实例化并且IOC依赖注入完成之后,调用

`exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);` 

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该方法都做了哪些事情呢

`protected Object initializeBean(String beanName, Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
    if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
        AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction) () -> {
            invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
            return null;
        }, getAccessControlContext());
    }
    else {
        // 1.调用Aware方法
        invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
    }

    Object wrappedBean = bean;
    if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
        // 2.对类中某些特殊方法的调用,比如@PostConstruct、Aware接口
        wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
    }

    try {
        // 3.调用InitMethod方法
        invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(
                (mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
                beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
    }
    if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
        // 4.调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
        wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
    }

    return wrappedBean;
}` 

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下面分别从方法中注释的4点进行分析

3.1.调用Aware方法

进入方法中

`private void invokeAwareMethods(String beanName, Object bean) {
    if (bean instanceof Aware) {
        if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
            ((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
        }
        if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
            ClassLoader bcl = getBeanClassLoader();
            if (bcl != null) {
                ((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(bcl);
            }
        }
        if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
            ((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
        }
    }
}` 

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Aware是一个接口,官方的解释是一个超级标记接口,用于指示bean有资格通过回调样式方法由Spring容器通知特定框架对象,实际的方法签名由各个子接口确定。所以如果实现了BeanNameAware、BeanClassLoaderAware、BeanFactoryAware,则会调用相应的方法。

3.2.对类中某些特殊方法的调用,比如@PostConstruct

`public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
        throws BeansException {

    Object result = existingBean;
    for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
        Object current = processor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName);
        if (current == null) {
            return result;
        }
        result = current;
    }
    return result;
}` 

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这里以InitDestroyAnnotationBeanPostProcessor为例

`public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
    //这个方法上面也见过了,收集@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解
    LifecycleMetadata metadata = findLifecycleMetadata(bean.getClass());
    try {
        //利用反射进行方法调用
        metadata.invokeInitMethods(bean, beanName);
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex.getTargetException());
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Failed to invoke init method", ex);
    }
    return bean;
}` 

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3.3.调用InitMethod方法

指定初始化方法

`protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd)
        throws Throwable {
    // 如果当前 bean 是 InitializingBean 的实例
    boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
    if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
        }
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            try {
                AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction) () -> {
                    ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                    return null;
                }, getAccessControlContext());
            }
            catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                throw pae.getException();
            }
        }
        else {
            // 直接调用afterPropertiesSet方法
            ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
        }
    }

    if (mbd != null && bean.getClass() != NullBean.class) {
        String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
        if (StringUtils.hasLength(initMethodName) &&
                !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
                !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
            // 调用init-method配置的方法
            invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
        }
    }
}` 

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3.4.调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法

`public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
        throws BeansException {

    Object result = existingBean;
    for (BeanPostProcessor processor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
        Object current = processor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
        if (current == null) {
            return result;
        }
        result = current;
    }
    return result;
}` 

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初始化之后对bean的处理,这里以ApplicationListenerDetector为例,这里可以做为事件监听bean的探测器,将监听bean放到上下文的监听器集合中。

`public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) {
    if (bean instanceof ApplicationListener) {
        // potentially not detected as a listener by getBeanNamesForType retrieval
        Boolean flag = this.singletonNames.get(beanName);
        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(flag)) {
            // 事件监听的收集
            this.applicationContext.addApplicationListener((ApplicationListener) bean);
        }
        else if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(flag)) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled() && !this.applicationContext.containsBean(beanName)) {
                // inner bean with other scope - can't reliably process events
                logger.warn("Inner bean '" + beanName + "' implements ApplicationListener interface " +
                        "but is not reachable for event multicasting by its containing ApplicationContext " +
                        "because it does not have singleton scope. Only top-level listener beans are allowed " +
                        "to be of non-singleton scope.");
            }
            this.singletonNames.remove(beanName);
        }
    }
    return bean;
}` 

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总结

  • 调用applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor和populateBean完成DI
  • 调用初始化方法的前后,会调用BeanPostProcessor的applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization和applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization方法对bean进行处理,我们可以依托于此对Spring进行二次开发。

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