自学Python语言一个月,还是小白,发一个科学计算器的代码,希望大家批评指正,共勉嘛。
calculator.py
from tkinter import *
from functools import partial
from calculate import *
# 生成计算器主界面
def buju(root):
menu = Menu(root) # 菜单
submenu1 = Menu(menu, tearoff=0) # 分窗,0为在原窗,1为点击分为两个窗口
menu.add_cascade(label='编辑', menu=submenu1) # 添加子选项(label参数为显示内容)
submenu1.add_command(label='复制', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'copy')) # 添加命令
submenu1.add_command(label='剪切', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'cut'))
submenu1.add_command(label='粘贴', command=lambda: bianji(entry, 'paste'))
submenu2 = Menu(menu, tearoff=0)
menu.add_cascade(label='查看', menu=submenu2)
submenu2.add_command(label='帮助', command=lambda: chakan(entry, 'help'))
submenu2.add_command(label='作者', command=lambda: chakan(entry, 'author'))
root.config(menu=menu) # 重新配置,添加菜单
label = Label(root, width=29, height=1, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', anchor='se',
textvariable=label_text) # 标签,可以显示文字或图片
label.grid(row=0, columnspan=5) # 布局器,向窗口注册并显示控件; rowspan:设置单元格纵向跨越的列数
entry = Entry(root, width=23, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', justify="right", font=('微软雅黑', 12)) # 文本框(单行)
entry.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=5, sticky=N + W + S + E, padx=5, pady=5) # 设置控件周围x、y方向空白区域保留大小
myButton = partial(Button, root, width=5, cursor='hand2', activebackground='#90EE90') # 偏函数:带有固定参数的函数
button_sin = myButton(text='sin', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'sin(')) # 按钮
button_arcsin = myButton(text='arcsin', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'arcsin('))
button_exp = myButton(text='e', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'e'))
button_ln = myButton(text='ln', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'ln('))
button_xy = myButton(text='x^y', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '^'))
button_sin.grid(row=2, column=0)
button_arcsin.grid(row=2, column=1)
button_exp.grid(row=2, column=2)
button_ln.grid(row=2, column=3)
button_xy.grid(row=2, column=4)
button_shanyige = myButton(text='←', command=lambda: backspace(entry)) # command指定按钮消息的回调函数
button_shanquanbu = myButton(text=' C ', command=lambda: clear(entry))
button_zuokuohao = myButton(text='(', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '('))
button_youkuohao = myButton(text=')', command=lambda: get_input(entry, ')'))
button_genhao = myButton(text='√x', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '√('))
button_shanyige.grid(row=3, column=0)
button_shanquanbu.grid(row=3, column=1)
button_zuokuohao.grid(row=3, column=2)
button_youkuohao.grid(row=3, column=3)
button_genhao.grid(row=3, column=4)
button_7 = myButton(text=' 7 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '7'))
button_8 = myButton(text=' 8 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '8'))
button_9 = myButton(text=' 9 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '9'))
button_chu = myButton(text=' / ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '/'))
button_yu = myButton(text='%', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '%'))
button_7.grid(row=4, column=0)
button_8.grid(row=4, column=1)
button_9.grid(row=4, column=2)
button_chu.grid(row=4, column=3)
button_yu.grid(row=4, column=4)
button_4 = myButton(text=' 4 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '4'))
button_5 = myButton(text=' 5 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '5'))
button_6 = myButton(text=' 6 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '6'))
button_cheng = myButton(text=' * ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '*'))
button_jiecheng = myButton(text='二进制', command=lambda: jinzhi(entry))
button_4.grid(row=5, column=0)
button_5.grid(row=5, column=1)
button_6.grid(row=5, column=2)
button_cheng.grid(row=5, column=3)
button_jiecheng.grid(row=5, column=4)
button_1 = myButton(text=' 1 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '1'))
button_2 = myButton(text=' 2 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '2'))
button_3 = myButton(text=' 3 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '3'))
button_jian = myButton(text=' - ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '-'))
button_dengyu = myButton(text=' \n = \n ', command=lambda: calculator(entry))
button_1.grid(row=6, column=0)
button_2.grid(row=6, column=1)
button_3.grid(row=6, column=2)
button_jian.grid(row=6, column=3)
button_dengyu.grid(row=6, column=4, rowspan=2) # rowspan:设置单元格横向跨越的行数
button_pai = myButton(text=' π ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, 'π'))
button_0 = myButton(text=' 0 ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '0'))
button_xiaoshudian = myButton(text=' . ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '.'))
button_jia = myButton(text=' + ', command=lambda: get_input(entry, '+'))
button_pai.grid(row=7, column=0)
button_0.grid(row=7, column=1)
button_xiaoshudian.grid(row=7, column=2)
button_jia.grid(row=7, column=3)
# 对文本框中的算式或答案进行复制、剪切或粘贴
def bianji(entry, argu):
"""
:param entry: 文本框
:param argu: 按钮对应的值
"""
if argu == 'copy':
entry.event_generate("<>")
elif argu == 'cut':
entry.event_generate("<>")
clear(entry)
elif argu == 'paste':
entry.event_generate("<>")
# 查看使用帮助和作者信息
def chakan(entry, argu):
root = Tk()
root.resizable(0, 0)
text = Text(root, width=20, height=2, bd=5, bg='#FFFACD', font=('微软雅黑', 12))
text.grid(padx=5, pady=5)
if argu == 'help':
root.title('帮助')
text.insert(INSERT, '这个计算器多简单!\n')
text.insert(INSERT, '就别跟我要帮助了!')
elif argu == 'author':
root.title('作者')
text.insert(INSERT, 'Author:冀梁栋\n')
text.insert(INSERT, 'Time:2019-07-08')
# 删除最后一次输入内容
def backspace(entry):
entry.delete(len(entry.get()) - 1) # 删除文本框的最后一个输入值
# 删除所有输入内容和显示内容
def clear(entry):
entry.delete(0, END) # 删除文本框的所有内容
label_text.set('')
# 点击计算器输入按钮后向文本框中添加内容
def get_input(entry, argu):
formula = entry.get()
for char in formula:
if '\u4e00' <= char <= '\u9fa5':
clear(entry) # 删除文本框中的汉字显示,减少手动删除操作
entry.insert(INSERT, argu) # 使用END时,键盘敲入和按键输入组合操作会出错
# 十进制整数转换为二进制整数
def jinzhi(entry):
try:
formula = entry.get()
if re.match('\d+$', formula):
number = int(formula)
cunchu = [] # 放置每次除以2后的余数
result = ''
while number:
cunchu.append(number % 2)
number //= 2 # 整数除法,返回商
while cunchu:
result += str(cunchu.pop()) # 将所有余数倒置得到结果
clear(entry)
entry.insert(END, result)
label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))
else:
clear(entry)
entry.insert(END, '请输入十进制整数')
except:
clear(entry)
entry.insert(END, '出错')
# 点击“=”后进行计算
def calculator(entry):
try:
formula = entry.get()
# 输入内容只是数字或π或e时,仍显示该内容
if re.match('-?[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*$', formula):
label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))
return
# 输入内容是算式时,显示其计算结果
result = final_calc(formula_format(formula))
clear(entry)
entry.insert(END, result) # 将结果输出到文本框中
label_text.set(''.join(formula + '='))
except:
clear(entry)
entry.insert(END, '出错')
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk() # 生成窗口
root.title('理正计算器') # 窗口的名字
root.resizable(0, 0) # 窗口大小可调性,分别表示x,y方向的可变性
global label_text # 定义全局变量
label_text = StringVar()
buju(root)
root.mainloop() # 进入消息循环(必需组件),否则生成的窗口一闪而过
calculate.py
import re
from math import *
# 将算式从字符串处理成列表,解决横杠是负号还是减号的问题
def formula_format(formula):
"""
:param formula: str
"""
formula = re.sub(' ', '', formula) # 去掉算式中的空格s
# 以 '横杠数字' 分割, 其中正则表达式:(\-\d+\.?\d*) 括号内:
# \- 表示匹配横杠开头;\d+ 表示匹配数字1次或多次;\.?表示匹配小数点0次或1次;\d*表示匹配数字0次或多次。
formula_list = [i for i in re.split('(-[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*)', formula) if i]
final_formula = [] # 最终的算式列表
for item in formula_list:
# 算式以横杠开头,则第一个数字为负数,横杠为负号
if len(final_formula) == 0 and re.match('-[\d+,π,e]\.?\d*$', item):
final_formula.append(item)
continue
# 如果当前的算式列表最后一个元素是运算符['+', '-', '*', '/', '(', '%', '^'], 则横杠为减号
if len(final_formula) > 0:
if re.match('[\+\-\*\/\(\%\^]$', final_formula[-1]):
final_formula.append(item)
continue
# 按照运算符分割开
item_split = [i for i in re.split('([\+\-\*\/\(\)\%\^\√])', item) if i]
final_formula += item_split
return final_formula
# 判断是否是运算符,如果是返回True
def is_operator(e):
"""
:param e: str
:return: bool
"""
opers = ['+', '-', '*', '/', '(', ')', '%', '^', '√', 'sin', 'arcsin', 'ln']
return True if e in opers else False # 在for循环中嵌套使用if和else语句
# 比较连续两个运算符来判断是压栈还是弹栈
def decision(tail_op, now_op):
"""
:param tail_op: 运算符栈的最后一个运算符
:param now_op: 从算式列表取出的当前运算符
:return: 1代表弹栈运算,0代表弹出运算符栈最后一个元素'(',-1表示压栈
"""
# 定义4种运算符级别
rate1 = ['+', '-']
rate2 = ['*', '/', '%']
rate3 = ['^', '√', 'sin', 'arcsin', 'ln']
rate4 = ['(']
rate5 = [')']
if tail_op in rate1:
if now_op in rate2 or now_op in rate3 or now_op in rate4:
return -1 # 说明当前运算符优先级高于运算符栈的最后一个运算符,需要压栈
else:
return 1 # 说明当前运算符优先级等于运算符栈的最后一个运算符,需要弹栈运算
elif tail_op in rate2:
if now_op in rate3 or now_op in rate4:
return -1
else:
return 1
elif tail_op in rate3:
if now_op in rate4:
return -1
else:
return 1
elif tail_op in rate4:
if now_op in rate5:
return 0 # '('遇上')',需要弹出'('并丢掉')',表明该括号内的算式已计算完成并将结果压入数字栈中
else:
return -1 # 只要栈顶元素为'('且当前元素不是')',都应压入栈中
# 传入两个数字,一个运算符,根据运算符不同返回相应结果
def calculate(n1, n2, operator):
"""
:param n1: float
:param n2: float
:param operator: + - * / % ^
:return: float
"""
result = 0
if operator == '+':
result = n1 + n2
if operator == '-':
result = n1 - n2
if operator == '*':
result = n1 * n2
if operator == '/':
result = n1 / n2
if operator == '%':
result = n1 % n2
if operator == '^':
result = n1 ** n2
return result
# 括号内的算式求出计算结果后,计算√()、sin()或arcsin()
def gaojie(op_stack, num_stack):
if op_stack[-1] == '√':
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num_stack.append(sqrt(num2))
elif op_stack[-1] == 'sin':
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num_stack.append(sin(num2))
elif op_stack[-1] == 'arcsin':
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num_stack.append(asin(num2))
elif op_stack[-1] == 'ln':
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num_stack.append(log(num2))
# 负责遍历算式列表中的字符,决定压入数字栈中或压入运算符栈中或弹栈运算
def final_calc(formula_list):
"""
:param formula_list: 算式列表
:return: 计算结果
"""
num_stack = [] # 数字栈
op_stack = [] # 运算符栈
for item in formula_list:
operator = is_operator(item)
# 压入数字栈
if not operator:
# π和e转换成可用于计算的值
if item == 'π':
num_stack.append(pi)
elif item == '-π':
num_stack.append(-pi)
elif item == 'e':
num_stack.append(e)
elif item == '-e':
num_stack.append(-e)
else:
num_stack.append(float(item)) # 字符串转换为浮点数
# 如果是运算符
else:
while True:
# 如果运算符栈为空,则无条件入栈
if len(op_stack) == 0:
op_stack.append(item)
break
# 决定压栈或弹栈
tag = decision(op_stack[-1], item)
# 如果是-1,则压入运算符栈并进入下一次循环
if tag == -1:
op_stack.append(item)
break
# 如果是0,则弹出运算符栈内最后一个'('并丢掉当前')',进入下一次循环
elif tag == 0:
op_stack.pop()
gaojie(op_stack, num_stack) # '('前是'√'、'sin'或'arcsin'时,对括号内算式的计算结果作相应的运算
break
# 如果是1,则弹出运算符栈内最后一个元素和数字栈内最后两个元素
elif tag == 1:
if item in ['√', 'sin', 'arcsin']:
op_stack.append(item)
break
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num1 = num_stack.pop()
# 将计算结果压入数字栈并接着循环,直到遇到break跳出循环
num_stack.append(calculate(num1, num2, op))
# 大循环结束后,数字栈和运算符栈中可能还有元素的情况
while len(op_stack) != 0:
op = op_stack.pop()
num2 = num_stack.pop()
num1 = num_stack.pop()
num_stack.append(calculate(num1, num2, op))
result = str(num_stack[0])
# 去掉无效的0和小数点,例:1.0转换为1
if result[len(result) - 1] == '0' and result[len(result) - 2] == '.':
result = result[0:-2]
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
# formula = "2 * ( 3 - 5 * ( - 6 + 3 * 2 / 2 ) )"
formula = "arcsin ( 0 )"
formula_list = formula_format(formula)
result = final_calc(formula_list)
print("算式:", formula)
print("计算结果:", result)