第四章讲义
原来,小王子来自一颗名为B612的小行星,距离「我」和他的分别已经过去六年了。为了怀念他,「我」写下了这些文字,并画了他的画像。
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/7e1aaeda-98d9-4782-a3a9-cff2f60d24bc.jpg
英文原句:Not being heard is no reason for silence.
中文释义:没有被听见不是沉默的理由。
出处:维克多·雨果 《悲惨世界》
『 今日短语 』
in addition to
除...之外
a matter of indifference
无关紧要的事情
show great forbearance
表现出极大的宽容和忍让
set down
写下,记下
go away from sb
离开某人
『 句子赏析 』
例句一
I knew very well that in addition to the great planets-- such as the Earth, Jupiter, Mars, Venus-- to which we have given names, there are also hundreds of others, some of which are so small that one has a hard time seeing them through the telescope.
解读:因为对小王子身份的好奇,主人公记忆宫殿开启了。结合下文看,由于对天文学知识有一丁点儿的了解,主人公「我」从小王子的话语中,推测出他来自星球B612。
https://fs-gateway.esdict.cn/store_main/useruploads/f998fdad-8a3f-46ed-bff1-1cd012a65057.jpg
仰望星空,寻找下小王子吧
great planet 大行星,小王子来自一个 small planet B612行星。
in addition to 除...之外;这句中的 addition 本意是附加,加法,addition and subtraction,就是我们说的加法和减法。
拓展:Multiplication(乘法); Division(除法); Exponents(指数); Powers of 10(十的幂)
to which 这里介词+which 引导定语从句。We have given names to the great planets.“to”提前了。
have a hard time 十分困难,非常艰辛
例句二
On making his discovery, the astronomer had presented it to the International Astronomical Congress, in a great demonstration. But he was in Turkish costume, and so nobody would believe what he said. Grown-ups are like that...
解读:主人公又在发大人的牢骚了……为什么穿着土耳其服饰会不容易被信任?大家可以看看本回文化拓展里的内容。
the International Astronomical Congress 国际天文学家协会
in Turkish costume 土耳其服饰;costume 服装,装束
Grown-ups are like that. . .主人公又在发大人的牢骚了……这句话里 present 是动词,它还有名词,是礼物的意思(相当于gift)。
拓展:假日礼物推荐,叫做 holiday gift guide,在海外商店搜holiday gift,会更容易发现你想淘的海外礼品。
礼品店 (a gift shop);礼物篮( a gift basket);礼物盒子 (gift boxes);礼物卡 (gift cards);在亚马逊给朋友买圣诞礼物时,别忘勾选 礼品包装(gift wrap) 哦。
例句三
If you were to say to the grown-ups: "I saw a beautiful house made of rosy brick, with geraniums in the windows and doves on the roof," they would not be able to get any idea of that house at all.
解读:回应了前文的大人们都喜欢数字,却对富有想象力的描述感到困惑。这固然有一些夸张的成分,但不可忽视的是,在小孩子的眼里,大人和大人的生活是非常枯燥的。
rosy brick 粉红色的砖
geraniums 天竺葵;Geraniums are garden plant with red, pink or white flowers. 天竺葵是一种开着红、粉、白色花的花园植物。在西方,它被用作窗台、窗户装饰。不同颜色的天竺葵有不同的花语哦。
White geraniums are thought to promote fertility.白色天竺葵是促进丰收的象征;
Red geraniums symbolizes good health.红色天竺葵象征着健康;
粉色的天竺葵则是爱情咒语(love spell)。
https://fs-gateway.esdict.cn/store_main/useruploads/479ca11b-114e-4efd-8c84-adcd5456548f.jpg
粉红色的天竺葵
if 条件句,这句话表示对将来的虚拟,所以从句中动词用了过去时 were,主句中 they would not be... 虚拟语气的一般用法如下图:
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形 would/should/might/could +动词原形
现在 动词过去式(be用were) would/should/might/could +动词原形
过去 had + 动词过去分词 would/should/might/could +动词过去分词
例句四
Children should always show great forbearance toward grown-up people. But certainly, for us who understand life, figures are a matter of indifference.
解读:小孩子应该永远对大人表现出极大的宽容。当然,对我们懂得生活的人来说,数字都是些无关紧要的事。
show great forbearance 表现出极大的宽容和忍让;forbearance 忍耐,克制,这个词经常在文学作品中出现。分享一句英国格言:
There is, however, a limit at which forbearance ceases to be a virtue. 克制也有个限度,超过了限度就不再是美德。
a matter of indifference 无关紧要的事情
例句五
I have suffered too much grief in setting down these memories. Six years have already passed since my friend went away from me, with his sheep. If I try to describe him here, it is to make sure that I shall not forget him.
解读:距离小王子和他的羊已经过去六年了,「我」用自己的方式——试图用画画和写作,把那段美好的时光记下,为了确定「我」不会忘记。
suffer too much grief 忍受太多悲伤
set down 写下,记下
go away from sb 离开某人
grief 多用于某人亡故造成的悲痛。I suffered great grief when thinking of the little prince.
口语表达:Good grief!哎呀,天哪!这句话多用于表示厌烦(annoyance)的情感。举个例子: Good grief! Can't he do anything right! 老天呀,他啥都做不好!
例句六
To forget a friend is sad. Not every one has had a friend. And if I forget him, I may become like the grown-ups who are no longer interested in anything but figures....
解读:忘记一个朋友太让人悲伤了。并不是所有的人都有过一个朋友。再说,如果「我」忘了他,「我」也可能变成那些只对数字感兴趣的大人们。
https://fs-gateway.esdict.cn/store_main/useruploads/874bc8df-f098-4e5e-9dec-44d43b9dd8a5.jpg
每个大人都曾是个孩子
To forget a friend is sad. Not every one has had a friend. 看得出,主人公「我」非常珍惜自己与小王子的友情。这句话也表明了,作者希望读者们能够保持一颗童心,学会用孩童的眼光来打量世界。
be interested in sth 对某事感兴趣
例句七
He thought, perhaps, that I was like himself. But I, alas, do not know how to see sheep through the walls of boxes.
解读:虽然主人公很努力地希望自己能像小王子一样富有想象力,但他长大了,终究不是孩子了。
alas 感叹词,是英语文学戏剧中常见的慨叹。通常表示悲痛和遗憾。
Alas!How I wish I could see sheep through the boxes! 唉,我多希望自己能够看到盒子里的小羊!
童话《灰姑娘》中,Cinderella 想去参加宴会却只能忧愁的发牢骚 "Alas!you only jeer me; it is not for a poor girl like me to go there!" 哎!你们和我开玩笑吧。像我这样的穷姑娘又怎么能去那舞会呢!
爱尔兰剧作家奥斯卡·王尔德的故事《快乐王子》(Happy Prince)中,也有一句:Alas! I have no ruby now," said the Prince; "my eyes are all that I have left. 取了双眼的宝石,快乐王子就会瞎掉。这时他却忧伤地想到,自己仅剩的宝石只有两颗,不能再帮到他的人们了。
grown-ups 成年人
『 带读片段 』
Children should always show great forbearance toward grown-up people. But certainly, for us who understand life, figures are a matter of indifference.
shoul(d) always
grea(t) forbearance
towar(d) grown-up
grown_up nʌp
bu(t) certainly
for_us rʌs
understan(d) life
figures_are sa:
are_a rə
matter_of rəv
of_indifference fin
『 文化拓展 』
1. 在第四章中提及的这位土耳其天文学家,在1909年通过望远镜首先发现了一颗叫B-612的小星球,叙述者相信小王子来自这颗星球。当这位土耳其天文学家第一次在国际天文会议上论证他的发现时,因为他身着土耳其传统服装,没人相信他。数年后,他穿着一套雅致的西装又做了一番相同的论证。这次,大家附和了他的意见。土耳其天文学家的两次不同待遇揭露了无知人们的恐外症和狭隘民族主义的危害。
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/2ed1e1a3-b8d0-4a53-b5c3-ae40286a1bca.png
土耳其传统服饰
2. 因《小王子》的主题及其知名度,多颗小行星以与小王子相关的名字命名。
一颗1975年发现的小行星被命名为「2578 Saint - Exupery」。
一颗1993年发现的小行星被命名为「46610 Besixdouze」。十进制46610转化为十六进制就 是B612,而「Besixdouze」在法语中是「B 六 十二」的意思。
2003年,一颗小行星卫星(实发现于1998年)被部分命名「Petit - Prince」。
有一个叫做「B612基金会」的组织,协会宗旨是搜寻各种可能对地球造成威胁的小行星。
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/ace54a9a-7a10-4342-b7b3-bc6f94ed5a29.png
宇宙中的小行星
『 今日茶点 』
你知道在英语中什么是“回文现象”、“全字母短句”吗?一起来看看今天的趣味小知识吧。
1. WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT I SAW?
我看到的是一辆车还是一只猫?你发现了吗?这个句子正者念反着念都一样。
这种现象叫做回文。
A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward.
回文是指顺读和倒读都一样的单词,词组或者句子。
例如:
Otto saw pup; pup was Otto.
奥托看见了小狗,小狗的名字叫奥托。
Was it a rat I saw ?
我刚才看见的是条老鼠?
bib 围嘴
noon 中午
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/5e17d51f-00ab-41fe-8704-521c47452177.png
2. The sentence "The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog." uses every letter of the alphabet!
“The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.”(这只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了一只懒狗)这句话用到了字母表中的所有字母!
这种句子叫做:全字母短句。
-A pangram or holoalphabetic sentence is a sentence using every letter of a given alphabet at least once.
全字母短句指一个句子中用到了英语全部26个字母至少一次的句子。
例如:
"Jived fox nymph grabs quick waltz." (28 letters)
"Glib jocks quiz nymph to vex dwarf." (28 letters)
"Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow." (29 letters)
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/e295e034-11b1-44d8-a93f-b478a6c9119c.png
3. The word Tips is actually an acronym standing for 'To Insure Prompt Service'.
单词“tips”(小费)实际上是“To Insure Prompt Service”(保障快捷的服务)的首字母缩写!
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. It consists of a group of letters taken from the word or phrase. For example, the word abbreviation can itself be represented by the abbreviation abbr., abbrv. or abbrev.
缩写是指一种单词或词语的简易格式,它是从词中提取关键字来简要地代表原来的意思。例如 abbreviation这个单词就可以用它的缩写abbr., abbrv. or abbrev.来表示。
http://fs-gateway.frhelper.com/store_main/useruploads/40a18f1f-6a43-4710-9886-9509693d414d.png
4. The longest word in the English language is Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioses.
英语中最长的单词是 “pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconioses”
(硅酸盐沉着病).