xml 布局文件是如何变成 View 并填入 View 树的？带着这个问题，阅读源码，居然发现了一个优化布局构建时间的方案。
布局构建耗时是优化 Activity 启动速度中不可缺少的一个环节。
欲优化，先度量。有啥办法可以精确地度量布局耗时？
作者：唐子玄
链接：https://juejin.im/post/5ea312066fb9a03c5b2fe0cc
读布局文件
以熟悉的setContentView()为切入点，看看有没有突破口：
public class AppCompatActivity
@Override
public void setContentView(View view) {
getDelegate().setContentView(view);
}
}
点开setContentView()源码，它的实现交给了一个代理，沿着调用链往下追查，最终的实现代码在AppCompatDelegateImpl中：
class AppCompatDelegateImpl{
@Override
public void setContentView(int resId) {
ensureSubDecor();
//'1.从顶层视图获得content视图'
ViewGroup contentParent = mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
//'2.移除所有子视图'
contentParent.removeAllViews();
//'3.解析布局文件并填充到content视图中'
LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
mAppCompatWindowCallback.getWrapped().onContentChanged();
}
}
这三部中，最耗时操作应该是“解析布局文件”，点进去看看：
public abstract class LayoutInflater {
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
...
//'获取布局文件解析器'
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
//'填充布局'
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
}
先调用了getLayout()获取了和布局文件对应的解析器，沿着调用链继续追查：
public class ResourcesImpl {
XmlResourceParser loadXmlResourceParser(@NonNull String file, @AnyRes int id, int assetCookie,@NonNull String type) throws NotFoundException {
if (id != 0) {
try {
synchronized (mCachedXmlBlocks) {
...
//'通过AssetManager获取布局文件对象'
final XmlBlock block = mAssets.openXmlBlockAsset(assetCookie, file);
if (block != null) {
final int pos = (mLastCachedXmlBlockIndex + 1) % num;
mLastCachedXmlBlockIndex = pos;
final XmlBlock oldBlock = cachedXmlBlocks[pos];
if (oldBlock != null) {
oldBlock.close();
}
cachedXmlBlockCookies[pos] = assetCookie;
cachedXmlBlockFiles[pos] = file;
cachedXmlBlocks[pos] = block;
return block.newParser();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
...
}
}
...
}
}
沿着调用链，最终走到了ResourcesImpl.loadXmlResourceParser()，它通过AssetManager.openXmlBlockAsset()将 xml 布局文件转化成 Java 对象XmlBlock：
public final class AssetManager implements AutoCloseable {
@NonNull XmlBlock openXmlBlockAsset(int cookie, @NonNull String fileName) throws IOException {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(fileName, ”fileName“);
synchronized (this) {
ensureOpenLocked();
//'打开 xml 布局文件'
final long xmlBlock = nativeOpenXmlAsset(mObject, cookie, fileName);
if (xmlBlock == 0) {
//'若打开失败则抛文件未找到异常'
throw new FileNotFoundException(“Asset XML file: ” + fileName);
}
final XmlBlock block = new XmlBlock(this, xmlBlock);
incRefsLocked(block.hashCode());
return block;
}
}
}
通过一个 native 方法，将布局文件读取到内存。走查到这里，有一件事可以确定，即 “解析 xml 布局文件前需要进行 IO 操作，将其读取至内存中”。
解析布局文件
读原码就好像“递归”，刚才通过不断地“递”，现在通过“归”回到那个关键方法：
public abstract class LayoutInflater {
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
...
//'获取布局文件解析器'
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
//'填充布局'
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
}
通过 IO 操作将布局文件读到内存后，调用了inflate()：
public abstract class LayoutInflater {
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
...
try {
//'根据布局文件的声明控件的标签构建 View'
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
//'构建 View 对应的布局参数'
if (root != null) {
// Create layout params that match root, if supplied
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
...
//'将 View 填充到 View 树'
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
...
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
...
} finally {
...
}
return result;
}
}
这个方法解析布局文件并根据其中声明控件的标签构建 View实例，然后将其填充到 View 树中。解析布局文件的细节在createViewFromTag()中：
public abstract class LayoutInflater {
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
...
try {
View view;
//'通过Factory2.onCreateView()构建 View'
if (mFactory2 != null) {
view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
...
return view;
} catch (InflateException e) {
throw e;
}
...
}
}
onCreateView()的具体实现在AppCompatDelegateImpl中：
class AppCompatDelegateImpl{
@Override
public final View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return createView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}
@Override
public View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
@NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
if (mAppCompatViewInflater == null) {
TypedArray a = mContext.obtainStyledAttributes(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme);
String viewInflaterClassName =
a.getString(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_viewInflaterClass);
if ((viewInflaterClassName == null){
...
} else {
try {
//'通过反射获取AppCompatViewInflater实例'
Class viewInflaterClass = Class.forName(viewInflaterClassName);
mAppCompatViewInflater =
(AppCompatViewInflater) viewInflaterClass.getDeclaredConstructor()
.newInstance();
} catch (Throwable t) {
...
}
}
}
boolean inheritContext = false;
if (IS_PRE_LOLLIPOP) {
inheritContext = (attrs instanceof XmlPullParser)
// If we have a XmlPullParser, we can detect where we are in the layout
? ((XmlPullParser) attrs).getDepth() > 1
// Otherwise we have to use the old heuristic
: shouldInheritContext((ViewParent) parent);
}
//'通过createView()创建View实例'
return mAppCompatViewInflater.createView(parent, name, context, attrs, inheritContext,
IS_PRE_LOLLIPOP, /* Only read android:theme pre-L (L+ handles this anyway) */
true, /* Read read app:theme as a fallback at all times for legacy reasons */
VectorEnabledTintResources.shouldBeUsed() /* Only tint wrap the context if enabled */
);
}
}
AppCompatDelegateImpl又把构建 View 委托给了 AppCompatViewInflater.createView()：
final View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context,
@NonNull AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext,
boolean readAndroidTheme, boolean readAppTheme, boolean wrapContext) {
final Context originalContext = context;
...
View view = null;
//'以布局文件中控件的名称分别创建对应控件实例'
switch (name) {
case "TextView":
view = createTextView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "ImageView":
view = createImageView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "Button":
view = createButton(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "EditText":
view = createEditText(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "Spinner":
view = createSpinner(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "ImageButton":
view = createImageButton(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "CheckBox":
view = createCheckBox(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "RadioButton":
view = createRadioButton(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "CheckedTextView":
view = createCheckedTextView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "AutoCompleteTextView":
view = createAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "MultiAutoCompleteTextView":
view = createMultiAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "RatingBar":
view = createRatingBar(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "SeekBar":
view = createSeekBar(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
case "ToggleButton":
view = createToggleButton(context, attrs);
verifyNotNull(view, name);
break;
default:
view = createView(context, name, attrs);
}
...
return view;
}
//'构建 AppCompatTextView 实例'
protected AppCompatTextView createTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
return new AppCompatTextView(context, attrs);
}
...
}
没想到，最终居然是通过switch-case的方法来 new View 实例。
而且我们没有必要手动将布局文件中的TextView都换成AppCompatTextView，只要使用AppCompatActivity，它在Factory2.onCreateView()接口中完成了控件转换。
测量构建布局耗时
通过上面的分析，可以得出两条结论：
1. Activity 构建布局时，需要先进行 IO 操作，将布局文件读取至内存中。
2. 遍历内存布局文件中每一个标签，并根据标签名 new 出对应视图实例，再把它们 addView 到 View 树中。
这两个步骤都是耗时的！到底有多耗时呢？
LayoutInflaterCompat提供了setFactory2()，可以拦截布局文件中每一个 View 的创建过程：
class Factory2Activity : AppCompatActivity() {
private var sum: Double = 0.0
@ExperimentalTime
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
LayoutInflaterCompat.setFactory2(LayoutInflater.from(this@Factory2Activity), object : LayoutInflater.Factory2 {
override fun onCreateView(parent: View?, name: String?, context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?): View? {
//'测量构建单个View耗时'
val (view, duration) = measureTimedValue { delegate.createView(parent, name, context!!, attrs!!) }
//'累加构建视图耗时'
sum += duration.inMilliseconds
Log.v(“test”, “view=${view?.let { it::class.simpleName }} duration=${duration} sum=${sum}”)
return view
}
//'该方法用于兼容Factory，直接返回null就好'
override fun onCreateView(name: String?, context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?): View? {
return null
}
})
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.factory2_activity2)
}
}
在super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)之前，将自定义的Factory2接口注入到LayoutInflaterCompat中。
调用delegate.createView(parent, name, context!!, attrs!!)，就是手动触发源码中构建布局的逻辑。
measureTimedValue()是 Kotlin 提供的库方法，用于测量一个方法的耗时，定义如下：
public inline fun measureTimedValue(block: () -> T): TimedValue {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
//'委托给MonoClock'
return MonoClock.measureTimedValue(block)
}
public inline fun Clock.measureTimedValue(block: () -> T): TimedValue {
contract {
callsInPlace(block, InvocationKind.EXACTLY_ONCE)
}
val mark = markNow()
//'执行原方法'
val result = block()
return TimedValue(result, mark.elapsedNow())
}
public data class TimedValue(val value: T, val duration: Duration)
方法返回一个TimedValue对象，其第一个属性是原方法的返回值，第二个是执行原方法的耗时。测试代码中通过解构声明分别将返回值和耗时赋值给view和duration。然后把构建每个视图的耗时累加打印。
了解了构建布局的过程，就有了对症下药优化的方向。
有了测量构建布局耗时的方法，就有了对比优化效果的工具。
限于篇幅，构建布局耗时缩短 20 倍的方法只能放到下一篇了。
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