WebMagic是一个开源的java爬虫框架。WebMagic框架的使用并不是本文的重点，具体如何使用请参考官方文档：http://webmagic.io/docs/。
本文是对spring boot+WebMagic+MyBatis做了整合，使用WebMagic爬取数据，然后通过MyBatis持久化爬取的数据到mysql数据库。本文提供的源代码可以作为java爬虫项目的脚手架。
1.添加maven依赖
4.0.0 hyzx qbasic-crawler 1.0.0 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 1.5.21.RELEASE UTF-8 true 1.8 3.8.1 3.1.0 5.1.47 1.1.17 1.3.4 1.2.58 3.9 2.10.2 0.7.3 org.springframework.boot spring-boot-devtools runtime true org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-test test org.springframework.boot spring-boot-configuration-processor true mysql mysql-connector-java ${mysql.connector.version} com.alibaba druid-spring-boot-starter ${druid.spring.boot.starter.version} org.mybatis.spring.boot mybatis-spring-boot-starter ${mybatis.spring.boot.starter.version} com.alibaba fastjson ${fastjson.version} org.apache.commons commons-lang3 ${commons.lang3.version} joda-time joda-time ${joda.time.version} us.codecraft webmagic-core ${webmagic.core.version} org.slf4j slf4j-log4j12 org.apache.maven.plugins maven-compiler-plugin ${maven.compiler.plugin.version} ${java.version} ${java.version} ${project.build.sourceEncoding} org.apache.maven.plugins maven-resources-plugin ${maven.resources.plugin.version} ${project.build.sourceEncoding} org.springframework.boot spring-boot-maven-plugin true true repackage public aliyun nexus http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/ true public aliyun nexus http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/ true false
2.项目配置文件 application.properties
配置mysql数据源，druid数据库连接池以及MyBatis的mapper文件的位置。
# mysql数据源配置 spring.datasource.name=mysql spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.63:3306/gjhzjl?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=true spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=root # druid数据库连接池配置 spring.datasource.druid.initial-size=5 spring.datasource.druid.min-idle=5 spring.datasource.druid.max-active=10 spring.datasource.druid.max-wait=60000 spring.datasource.druid.validation-query=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL spring.datasource.druid.test-on-borrow=false spring.datasource.druid.test-on-return=false spring.datasource.druid.test-while-idle=true spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis=60000 spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis=300000 spring.datasource.druid.max-evictable-idle-time-millis=600000 # mybatis配置 mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:mapper/**/*.xml
3.数据库表结构
CREATE TABLE `cms_content` ( `contentId` varchar(40) NOT NULL COMMENT '内容ID', `title` varchar(150) NOT NULL COMMENT '标题', `content` longtext COMMENT '文章内容', `releaseDate` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '发布日期', PRIMARY KEY (`contentId`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='CMS内容表';
4.实体类
import java.util.Date;
public class CmsContentPO {
private String contentId;
private String title;
private String content;
private Date releaseDate;
public String getContentId() {
return contentId;
}
public void setContentId(String contentId) {
this.contentId = contentId;
}
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
public Date getReleaseDate() {
return releaseDate;
}
public void setReleaseDate(Date releaseDate) {
this.releaseDate = releaseDate;
}
}
5.mapper接口
public interface CrawlerMapper {
int addCmsContent(CmsContentPO record);
}
6.CrawlerMapper.xml文件
insert into cms_content (contentId, title, releaseDate, content) values (#{contentId,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{title,jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{releaseDate,jdbcType=TIMESTAMP}, #{content,jdbcType=LONGVARCHAR})
7.知乎页面内容处理类ZhihuPageProcessor
主要用于解析爬取到的知乎html页面。
@Component
public class ZhihuPageProcessor implements PageProcessor {
private Site site = Site.me().setRetryTimes(3).setSleepTime(1000);
@Override
public void process(Page page) {
page.addTargetRequests(page.getHtml().links().regex("https://www\\.zhihu\\.com/question/\\d+/answer/\\d+.*").all());
page.putField("title", page.getHtml().xpath("//h1[@class='QuestionHeader-title']/text()").toString());
page.putField("answer", page.getHtml().xpath("//div[@class='QuestionAnswer-content']/tidyText()").toString());
if (page.getResultItems().get("title") == null) {
// 如果是列表页，跳过此页，pipeline不进行后续处理
page.setSkip(true);
}
}
@Override
public Site getSite() {
return site;
}
}
8.知乎数据处理类ZhihuPipeline
主要用于将知乎html页面解析出的数据存储到mysql数据库。
@Component
public class ZhihuPipeline implements Pipeline {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZhihuPipeline.class);
@Autowired
private CrawlerMapper crawlerMapper;
public void process(ResultItems resultItems, Task task) {
String title = resultItems.get("title");
String answer = resultItems.get("answer");
CmsContentPO contentPO = new CmsContentPO();
contentPO.setContentId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
contentPO.setTitle(title);
contentPO.setReleaseDate(new Date());
contentPO.setContent(answer);
try {
boolean success = crawlerMapper.addCmsContent(contentPO) > 0;
LOGGER.info("保存知乎文章成功：{}", title);
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("保存知乎文章失败", ex);
}
}
}
9.知乎爬虫任务类ZhihuTask
每十分钟启动一次爬虫。
@Component
public class ZhihuTask {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZhihuPipeline.class);
@Autowired
private ZhihuPipeline zhihuPipeline;
@Autowired
private ZhihuPageProcessor zhihuPageProcessor;
private ScheduledExecutorService timer = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
public void crawl() {
// 定时任务，每10分钟爬取一次
timer.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> {
Thread.currentThread().setName("zhihuCrawlerThread");
try {
Spider.create(zhihuPageProcessor)
// 从https://www.zhihu.com/explore开始抓
.addUrl("https://www.zhihu.com/explore")
// 抓取到的数据存数据库
.addPipeline(zhihuPipeline)
// 开启2个线程抓取
.thread(2)
// 异步启动爬虫
.start();
} catch (Exception ex) {
LOGGER.error("定时抓取知乎数据线程执行异常", ex);
}
}, 0, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
}
}
10.Spring boot程序启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.hyzx.qbasic.dao")
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
@Autowired
private ZhihuTask zhihuTask;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... strings) throws Exception {
// 爬取知乎数据
zhihuTask.crawl();
}
}
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