[IoC容器Unity]第三回:依赖注入

1.引言

上节介绍了,Unity的Lifetime Managers生命周期,Unity具体实现依赖注入包含构造函数注入、属性注入、方法注入,所谓注入相当赋值,下面一个一个来介绍。

2.构造函数注入

Unity利用Resolve方法解析一个对象,都是调用注册类型的构造函数来初始化的,初始化时,Unity能够控制初始化的值,当然,我们要给Unity提供足够的原料,要不然也是巧妇难无米之炊,下面看一些简单的示例。

先准备几个类如下:

    /// <summary>

    /// 班级接口

    /// </summary>

    public interface IClass

    {

        string ClassName { get; set; }



        void ShowInfo();

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 计科班

    /// </summary>

    public class CbClass : IClass

    {

        public string ClassName { get; set; }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("计科班:{0}", ClassName);

        }

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 电商班

    /// </summary>

    public class EcClass : IClass

    {

        public string ClassName { get; set; }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("电商班:{0}", ClassName);

        }

    }



    /// <summary>

    /// 学生接口

    /// </summary>

    public interface IStudent

    {

        string Name { get; set; }

        //就读班级

        void ShowInfo();

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// 学生

    /// </summary>

    public class QlinStudent : IStudent

    {

        public string Name { get; set; }



        private IClass ToClass { get; set; }



        public QlinStudent(IClass _class)

        {

            ToClass = _class;

        }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("{0}就读班级:{1}", Name, ToClass.ClassName);

        }

    }

是一个班级和学生的结构,现在我们要解析一个学生IStudent,我们看到具体学生类QlinStudent的构造函数需要一个班级接口,当然要给IUnityContainer容器提供这个班级映射还有学生自己的映射,就你要什么东东,首先要提供IUnityContainer什么东东。

2.1 默认方式

默认方式跟new一个对象,它会根据你提供的材料,选择一个构造函数,即要有构造器要能访问权限,用Public修饰,构造函数的参数也要提供,即IClass也要能解析,不然就报错了,编程注入方式如下:

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            //默认注册(无命名),如果后面还有默认注册会覆盖前面的

            container.RegisterType<IClass, CbClass>();

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>();

            //解析默认对象

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

        }

配置文件方式 如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<configuration>

  <configSections>

    <section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection,Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration"/>

  </configSections>

  <unity xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/practices/2010/unity">

    <!--引用命名空间-->

    <namespace name="ConsoleApplication1.UnityDemo.Constructor" />

    <!--引用程序集-->

    <assembly name="ConsoleApplication1" />

    <!--容器-->

    <container name="FirstClass">

      <!--映射关系-->

      <register type="IClass"  mapTo="CbClass"></register>

      <register type="IClass" name="ec" mapTo="EcClass"></register>

      <register type="IStudent"  mapTo="QlinStudent">



      </register>

    </container>

  </unity>

</configuration>

 以下是加载配置文件

        public static void ConStructorConfigTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            string configFile = "http://www.cnblogs.com/UnityDemo/Constructor/Unity.config";

            var fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap { ExeConfigFilename = configFile };

            //从config文件中读取配置信息

            Configuration configuration =

                ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);

            //获取指定名称的配置节

            UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection("unity");



            //载入名称为FirstClass 的container节点

            container.LoadConfiguration(section, "FirstClass");



            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

        }

 

2.2 指定构造函数

如果构造函数有多个,它也会按照上面那样来初始化一个对象,我们还可以显示用InjectionConstructor特性来指定一个构造函数来解析对象,如下声明:

    public class QlinStudent : IStudent

    {

        private string Name { get; set; }



        private IClass ToClass { get; set; }





        public QlinStudent()

        {

        }



        [InjectionConstructor]

        public QlinStudent(IClass _class,string name)

        {

            ToClass = _class;

            Name = name;

        }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("{0}就读班级:{1}", Name, ToClass.ClassName);

        }

    }

 

2.3 指定参数依赖的注册名称

构造函数中IClass参数,如果IUnityContainer注册了多个,默认是使用无名称的那个注册,也可以通过Dependency依赖哪个名称来指定哪个来注册,代码,指定ec名称如下:

        [InjectionConstructor]

        public QlinStudent([Dependency("ec")]IClass _class)

        {

            ToClass = _class;

        }

下面注册一个名称为ec的映射,如果没有名称ec的映射将报错

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();



            //默认注册(无命名),如果后面还有默认注册会覆盖前面的

            container.RegisterType<IClass, CbClass>();

            //命名注册

            container.RegisterType<IClass, EcClass>("ec");

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>();



            //解析默认对象

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

        }

配置文件方式,代码不变,配置中添加一个 name属性就行,如下:

    <container name="FirstClass">

      <!--映射关系-->

      <register type="IClass"  mapTo="CbClass"></register>

      <register type="IClass" name="ec" mapTo="EcClass"></register>

      <register type="IStudent"  mapTo="QlinStudent">

      </register>

    </container>

 

2.4 指定参数值

构造器中的参数也可以依赖一个指定的类型值,如下代码依赖于EcClass类型,可以让构造函数中可以传入一个具体的类型,这也是构造函数传参数,如下:

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();



            //默认注册(无命名),如果后面还有默认注册会覆盖前面的

            container.RegisterType<IClass, CbClass>();

            //命名注册

            container.RegisterType<IClass, EcClass>("ec");

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>(new InjectionConstructor(new CbClass()));

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

        }

或者注册一个实例对象,如下:

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            IClass cbClass = new CbClass { ClassName="计科051班" };

            //实例注册命名实例

            container.RegisterInstance<IClass>("ec", cbClass);

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>();

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

        }

 

配置文件也可以指定类型依赖,如下,指定EcClass:

      <register type="IStudent"  mapTo="QlinStudent">

        <constructor>

          <param name="_class" type="IClass">

            <dependency  type="EcClass"/>

          </param>

        </constructor>

      </register>

上面已经介绍了传参数,是用InjectionConstructor类型,现在构造函数,多一个参数,如下:

        [InjectionConstructor]

        public QlinStudent([Dependency("ec")]IClass _class, string name)

        {

            ToClass = _class;

            Name = name;

        }

多了一个name参数,那必须为容器IUnityContainer提供这个参数,没有这个原材料,它无法构造,就会报错,如下代码:

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();



            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>(new InjectionConstructor(new CbClass() { ClassName = "计科051" }, "Qlin"));

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();           

        }

注入参数后,也可以下次解析的时候,通过ParameterOverrides类来覆盖原来的参数,改变参数值,如下:

        public static void ConStructorCodeTest1()

        {

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>(new InjectionConstructor(new CbClass() { ClassName = "计科051" }, "Qlin"));

            IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            student.ShowInfo();



            //覆盖参数解析

            IStudent student1 = container.Resolve<IStudent>(new ParameterOverrides()

                                                               {

                                                                  {"_class",new EcClass(){ ClassName="电商051"}},

                                                                  {"name","linq"}

                                                               });

            student1.ShowInfo();

        }

 

3.属性注入

就是Unity容器解析对象时,为属性赋值,有操作权限要Public修饰属性。属性注入方式和构造函数注入类似,只需在需要注入的属性上增加一个Dependency特性,Dependency指定一个注册名称name参数用来指定注入对象的名称,属性注入也是伴随着类型初始化时注入的,在解析时自动注入,所以解析时跟以前一样。代码修改如下,在ToClass属性上增加了Dependency特性,来表示这个属性需要注入:

    public class QlinStudent : IStudent

    {

        public string Name { get; set; }



        [Dependency("ec")]

        public IClass ToClass { get; set; }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("{0}就读班级:{1}", Name, ToClass.ClassName);

        }

    }

代码方式如下:

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            container.RegisterType<IClass, EcClass>("ec");         

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>();

            IStudent splitClass = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();

配置文件方式,依赖的<dependency name="ec1" name值 可指定注册时注册的名称:

<unity xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/practices/2010/unity">

    <!--引用命名空间-->

    <namespace name="ConsoleApplication1.UnityDemo.Constructor4" />

    <!--引用程序集-->

    <assembly name="ConsoleApplication1" />

    <!--容器-->

    <container name="FirstClass">

      <!--映射关系-->

      <register type="IClass"  mapTo="CbClass">      

      </register>

      <register type="IClass" name="ec1" mapTo="EcClass">

        <property name="ClassName" propertyType="System.String" value="电商051" />

      </register>

      <register type="IStudent"  mapTo="QlinStudent">

        <property name="ToClass">

          <dependency name="ec1" type="EcClass"/>

        </property>

      </register>

    </container>

  </unity>

 

调用效果图:

[IoC容器Unity]第三回:依赖注入

4.方法注入

用public修饰方法,方法注入也是跟构造函数类似代码修改如下

    public class QlinStudent : IStudent

    {

        public string Name { get; set; }



        private IClass ToClass { get; set; }



        [InjectionMethod]

        public void InitClass(IClass _class)

        {

            ToClass = _class;

        }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("{0}就读班级:{1}", Name, ToClass.ClassName);

        }

    }

编程方式注入不变,就是初始化时,注入值,如下:

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            container.RegisterType<IClass, EcClass>();         

            container.RegisterType<IStudent, QlinStudent>();

            IStudent student = container.Resolve<IStudent>();

            student.ShowInfo();

配置文件方式:

  <unity xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/practices/2010/unity">

    <!--引用命名空间-->

    <namespace name="ConsoleApplication1.UnityDemo.Constructor5" />

    <!--引用程序集-->

    <assembly name="ConsoleApplication1" />

    <!--容器-->

    <container name="FirstClass">

      <!--映射关系-->

      <register type="IClass"  mapTo="CbClass">      

      </register>

      <register type="IClass" name="ec1" mapTo="EcClass">

        <property name="ClassName" propertyType="System.String" value="电商051" />

      </register>

      <register type="IStudent"  mapTo="QlinStudent">

        <property name="Name" propertyType="System.String" value="Qlin" />

        <method name="InitClass">

          <param name="_class" type="IClass">

            <dependency name="ec1" type="EcClass"/>

          </param>

        </method>

      </register>

    </container>

  </unity>

 

5.小结

 介绍了3种依赖注入方式,平时主要也就用到这么几种,其它还有复杂的像扩展容器等,通过本节,基本知道Unity的使用了。

 

            IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer();

            //获取指定名称的配置节

            UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("unity");



            //载入名称为FirstClass 的container节点

            container.LoadConfiguration(section, "FirstClass");



            SplitClass splitClass = container.Resolve<SplitClass>();

            splitClass.ShowInfo();
    //分班

    public class SplitClass

    {

        IClass _class;

        IStudent _student;

        

        public SplitClass()

        { }



        [InjectionConstructor]

        public SplitClass([Dependency("ec")]IClass _class, IStudent student)

        {

            this._class = _class;

            _student = student;

            _student.ToClass = this._class;

        }



        public void ShowInfo()

        {

            Console.WriteLine("{0}学生被安排到班级{1}", _student.Name, _class.ClassName);

        }

    }

 

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