debian11系统初始化

本文描述下debian11的初始化工作。

首先,我们使用普通用户登录到debian,然后使用su -命令来切到root用户。注意: 一定要是su -,而不是su

$ su -

设置IP地址

使用root登录后,修改/etc/network/interfaces文件:

# The primary network interface
# 注释掉这行,并记录这个类似于 ens192 的关键字
# allow-hotplug ens192 
# 注释点这行同时
#iface ens192 inet dhcp
# 加入以下行,注意ens192是我们从上面复制下来的,不同的电脑不一样
auto ens192
iface ens192 inet static
# 以下请根据自己的实际情况设置
address 192.168.1.17
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1

编辑后退出,然后执行:systemctl restart networking.service使配置生效.

安装sudo

默认debian11并没有安装sudo,安装过程如下:

更新源

如果操作系统是以CD方式安装的,那么CD会默认成为软件源(这在离线的网络环境中是必要的),而当前我们的服务器有网络环境,同时安装完操作系统后,CD已经弹出,所以此时需要取消掉软件源:

$ nano /etc/apt/sources.list

# 注释掉以cd rom开始的源
# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.4.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 2>

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.4.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 2>

然后添加一些国内的官方源的中的华为镜像,最终文件如下:

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.4.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20
220709-10:33]/ bullseye contrib main

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 11.4.0 _Bullseye_ - Official amd64 DVD Binary-1 20
220709-10:33]/ bullseye contrib main

# huawei
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-fr
ee
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib no
n-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-
free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib 
non-free
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bullseye-security main contr
ib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bullseye-security main c
ontrib non-free

#deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main contr
ib

# bullseye-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_
and_backports
# A network mirror was not selected during install.  The following entries
# are provided as examples, but you should amend them as appropriate
# for your mirror of choice.
#
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib
# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib

除此以外,你还可以将上述镜像中的mirrors.huaweicloud.com替换为以下地址的任意关键字:

debian11系统初始化_第1张图片

更新源

$ apt update

安装sudo

debian11默认未安装sodu,执行:apt install sudo进行安装.

加入sudoers

$ usermod -aG sudo yourusername

然后,我们注销当前的shell,再重新登录一个。此时,便可以使用sudo命令了。

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