A-level经济学：Labour market真题解析

Labour market 与product market构成micro的market theory，所以labour market在micro中占有半壁江山。并且，不管是哪一个考试局都不会撇开对labour market的考察。

下面我们以AL的2019年essay为例，重点以demand and supply of labour 分析为什么UK labour market 存在wage difference。

在我们天然的概念中，difference一定有客观因素，也有主观因素；在这里老师认为客观因素包括但不仅指demand of labour，supply of labour，elasticities of labour等，而主观因素则自然而然地想到了某种discrimination。

想到这里，不妨建议同学们考虑一下，假如你是一个HR，现在贵公司有一个vacancy,可想而知现在会有哪些interviewee 呢？

所以这时我们就会发现在同岗不同酬的情况下，你可能给最后的candidate定工资时会考虑到以上因素。

好了，我们看下题目吧!

我们参考了之前的想当然原因，现在可以大概整理一下logic chain了：

The demand for chief executives is less,and the supply for chief executive is also less;

The elasticity of demand for labour is inelastic,and the elasticity of supply for labour is also inelastic;

Skill,qualification,experience,region,age is different;

The effect of Immobility of labour .

最后送给同学们一篇有趣的例文，如果你也是EPL粉的话，一定会觉得自己涨知识了！

One reason for the differences in wages in the UK labour market is due to different marginal revenue product(MRP) curves.

For example,on the English Premier League(EPL),the median monthly wage for an EPL footballer is most over 9000 pounds.

In the 2017/2018 season,Alex is from Arsenal to Manchester united and paid 350000 a week which is far above the median wage figure in the EPL.This is because MRP is substantially higher than most other EPL footballer.This talent means that he will bring in more revenue than cost.

This could be through shirt sales for example or through conning goals that will help Manchester united to win the EPL and the substantial prize money that comes with it.Players who play for clubs wither down the EPL table such as Bornley are likely to earn less as they are generally less skilled and bring less revenue because Bornley is a less profitable team than Manchester united hence boasting a smaller.

However,this may be beneficial to both the industry.The more a player is paid,the more likely it is that he will be incentived to work harder to increase in his wage.This may result in improved stills amongst players in the top 4 clubs which will make the supply of labour more wage inelastic.This can be beneficial to the consumer of football(ie season ticket holders) as they will see an improvement in the performance of their team .Furthermore,lower ranked side players will be attracted by these high wages hence also becoming incentived to work hard in wage of being signed by a club who will offer a higher wage.

Another reason for the wage difference in the UK labour market is the wage elasticity of supply and demand.Demand for labour is a derived: demand and in the UK footballing industry,there is more consumer demand for mens football in comparison to womens football.Since demand for mens football is high,demand for labour in this market will also be high.

Furthermore,demand for mens football (ie season ticket etc) is price inelastic which means that the demand for labour is likely to be wage inelastic.

This means that demand for labour is not very responsive to a change in the wage rate.Therefore,as EPL clubs demand more labour,the supply of labour will increase.

As the supply of labour increases,the wage rate falls from W to W1,this may seem significant but the supply of labour for mens footballs is likely to be wage inelastic even the tough stills required to succeed at the progression.Women’s football,on the other hand,is considered each skilled hence these players much earn lower wages.Furthermore,demand for womens football is comparatively low to mens.

Therefor,there is a wage difference between gender in this industry.However,mens clubs are being pushed for spending such large amounts on transfer fees and wages.Manchester city may not play in the champions league next season as they are round quietly by the covert for Arbitration and sport of not adhering to nancial jaw play rules.

Therefor it could be interpreted that there is market control in this industry.In womens football,wages have been rising over the last 3 years as government bodies give women’s football more attention.Women’s football now has a world cup and champions league just like the men.Therefore, in the long run,the wage differences between genders in this industry may balance out through the corruption of the mens game and use of the women’s game.

Based on the evidence ,wage differences exist in the labour market for top football players due to consumer demand .The nature of demand for labour being a derived means that these is heavily reliance on football fan bases and broad loyalty.For example,if supporters were to suddenly switch from supporting the men’s to the women’s team,wages would fall dramatically for the men.