总的来看,LeNet由两个部分组成:
以size=(1, 1, 28, 28)
的输入为例,中间变换过程中的形状如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 15:07
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 01_LeNet.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
net = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(1, 6, kernel_size=5, padding=2), nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
nn.Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5), nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),
nn.Flatten(),
nn.Linear(16*5*5, 120), nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(120, 84), nn.Sigmoid(),
nn.Linear(84, 10)
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 打印形状检查模型
X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 28, 28), dtype=torch.float32)
for layer in net:
X = layer(X)
print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape: \t', X.shape)
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 6, 28, 28])
Sigmoid output shape: torch.Size([1, 6, 28, 28])
AvgPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 6, 14, 14])
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 16, 10, 10])
Sigmoid output shape: torch.Size([1, 16, 10, 10])
AvgPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 16, 5, 5])
Flatten output shape: torch.Size([1, 400])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 120])
Sigmoid output shape: torch.Size([1, 120])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 84])
Sigmoid output shape: torch.Size([1, 84])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])
AlexNet一共由八层组成:五个卷积层、两个全连接隐藏层和一个全连接输出层;其次,AlexNet使用ReLU而不是SigMoid作为其激活函数。
以size=(1, 1, 224, 224)
的输入为例,中间变换过程中的形状如下:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 15:40
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 02_AlexNet.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
net = nn.Sequential(
# 输入为3*224*224 这里,我们使用一个11*11的更大窗口来捕捉对象。
# 同时,步幅为4,以减少输出的高度和宽度。
# 另外,输出通道的数目远大于LeNet
nn.Conv2d(1, 96, kernel_size=11, stride=4, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
# 减小卷积窗口,使用填充为2来使得输入与输出的高和宽一致,且增大输出通道数
nn.Conv2d(96, 256, kernel_size=5, padding=2), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
# 使用三个连续的卷积层和较小的卷积窗口。
# 除了最后的卷积层,输出通道的数量进一步增加。
# 在前两个卷积层之后,汇聚层不用于减少输入的高度和宽度
nn.Conv2d(256, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(384, 384, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(384, 256, kernel_size=3, padding=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2),
nn.Flatten(),
# 这里,全连接层的输出数量是LeNet中的好几倍。使用dropout层来减轻过拟合
nn.Linear(6400, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Dropout(p=0.5),
# 最后是输出层。由于这里使用Fashion-MNIST,所以用类别数为10,而非论文中的1000
nn.Linear(4096, 10))
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 打印形状检查模型
X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 224, 224), dtype=torch.float32)
for layer in net:
X = layer(X)
print(layer.__class__.__name__, 'output shape: \t', X.shape)
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 96, 54, 54])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 96, 54, 54])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 96, 26, 26])
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 26, 26])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 26, 26])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 12, 12])
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 12, 12])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 12, 12])
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 12, 12])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 12, 12])
Conv2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 12, 12])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 12, 12])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 5, 5])
Flatten output shape: torch.Size([1, 6400])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])
VGG网络可以分为两部分:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 16:13
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 03_VGG.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
# 用来实现VGG块的函数
def vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels):
layers = []
for _ in range(num_convs):
layers.append(nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels,
kernel_size=3, padding=1))
layers.append(nn.ReLU())
in_channels = out_channels
# MaxPool后宽高减半
layers.append(nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2))
return nn.Sequential(*layers)
conv_arch = ((1, 64), (1, 128), (2, 256), (2, 512), (2, 512))
# VGG-11
def vgg(conv_arch):
conv_blks = []
in_channels = 1
# 卷积层部分
for (num_convs, out_channels) in conv_arch:
conv_blks.append(vgg_block(num_convs, in_channels, out_channels))
in_channels = out_channels
return nn.Sequential(
*conv_blks, nn.Flatten(),
# 全连接层部分
nn.Linear(out_channels * 7 * 7, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5),
nn.Linear(4096, 4096), nn.ReLU(), nn.Dropout(0.5),
nn.Linear(4096, 10))
net = vgg(conv_arch)
if __name__ == '__main__':
X = torch.randn(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for blk in net:
X = blk(X)
print(blk.__class__.__name__, 'output shape:\t', X.shape)
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 64, 112, 112])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 128, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 512, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7])
Flatten output shape: torch.Size([1, 25088])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
ReLU output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Dropout output shape: torch.Size([1, 4096])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])
Process finished with exit code 0
NiN块以一个普通卷积层开始,后面是两个1×1的卷积层。这两个1×1卷积层充当带有ReLU激活函数的逐像素全连接层。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 16:25
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 04_NiN.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
# 定义NiN块
def nin_block(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, strides, padding):
return nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, strides, padding),
nn.ReLU(),
# 1*1融合通道
nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1), nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1), nn.ReLU()
)
# NiN模型
net = nn.Sequential(
nin_block(1, 96, kernel_size=11, strides=4, padding=0),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2),
nin_block(96, 256, kernel_size=5, strides=1, padding=2),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2),
nin_block(256, 384, kernel_size=3, strides=1, padding=1),
nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2),
nn.Dropout(0.5),
# 标签类别数是10
nin_block(384, 10, kernel_size=3, strides=1, padding=1),
nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1)),
# 将四维的输出转成二维的输出,其形状为(批量大小,10)
nn.Flatten()
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for layer in net:
X = layer(X)
print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\t', X.shape)
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 96, 54, 54])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 96, 26, 26])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 26, 26])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 12, 12])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 12, 12])
MaxPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 5, 5])
Dropout output shape: torch.Size([1, 384, 5, 5])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 10, 5, 5])
AdaptiveAvgPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 10, 1, 1])
Flatten output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])
Process finished with exit code 0
这里来吐槽一下GoogLeNet,放在当时这真是有钱人的游戏,而且是很玄学的。如果你没有很好的机器怎么会无聊到写这么这么复杂的网络,而且理论性也不强。害,这就是炼丹师是嘛 好像意识到了
GoogLeNet一共使用9个Inception块和全局平均汇聚层的堆叠来生成其估计值。Inception块之间的最大汇聚层可降低维度。 第一个模块类似于AlexNet和LeNet,Inception块的组合从VGG继承,全局平均汇聚层避免了在最后使用全连接层。
有很多滤波器的组合,不同大小的滤波器可以有效地识别不同范围的图像细节。 同时,我们可以为不同的滤波器分配不同数量的参数。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 16:38
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 05_GoogLeNet.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
class Inception(nn.Module):
# c1--c4是每条路径的输出通道数
def __init__(self, in_channels, c1, c2, c3, c4, **kwargs):
super(Inception, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# 线路1,单1x1卷积层
self.p1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, c1, kernel_size=1)
# 线路2,1x1卷积层后接3x3卷积层
self.p2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, c2[0], kernel_size=1)
self.p2_2 = nn.Conv2d(c2[0], c2[1], kernel_size=3, padding=1)
# 线路3,1x1卷积层后接5x5卷积层
self.p3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, c3[0], kernel_size=1)
self.p3_2 = nn.Conv2d(c3[0], c3[1], kernel_size=5, padding=2)
# 线路4,3x3最大汇聚层后接1x1卷积层
self.p4_1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
self.p4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, c4, kernel_size=1)
def forward(self, x):
p1 = F.relu(self.p1_1(x))
p2 = F.relu(self.p2_2(F.relu(self.p2_1(x))))
p3 = F.relu(self.p3_2(F.relu(self.p3_1(x))))
p4 = F.relu(self.p4_2(self.p4_1(x)))
# 在通道维度上连结输出
return torch.cat((p1, p2, p3, p4), dim=1)
b1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
)
b2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.Conv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1),
nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
)
b3 = nn.Sequential(Inception(192, 64, (96, 128), (16, 32), 32),
Inception(256, 128, (128, 192), (32, 96), 64),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
)
b4 = nn.Sequential(Inception(480, 192, (96, 208), (16, 48), 64),
Inception(512, 160, (112, 224), (24, 64), 64),
Inception(512, 128, (128, 256), (24, 64), 64),
Inception(512, 112, (144, 288), (32, 64), 64),
Inception(528, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
)
b5 = nn.Sequential(Inception(832, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),
Inception(832, 384, (192, 384), (48, 128), 128),
nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1)),
nn.Flatten()
)
net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, nn.Linear(1024, 10))
if __name__ == '__main__':
X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 96, 96))
for layer in net:
X = layer(X)
print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\t', X.shape)
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 64, 24, 24])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 192, 12, 12])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 480, 6, 6])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 832, 3, 3])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 1024])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])
加很多层就一定能像前边的模型一样提高精度吗?不一定,如其架构图:⭐为最优点的话,网络如果一直向错误方向加深,并不能达到最优点,如果你能保证复杂的函数类包含较小的函数类时,我们才能确保提高它们的性能。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/12/19 16:59
@Author : Jay Zhang
@Email : [email protected]
@File : 06_ResNet.py
"""
import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
class Residual(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, input_channels, num_channels,
use_1x1conv=False, strides=1):
super().__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(input_channels, num_channels,
kernel_size=3, padding=1, stride=strides)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(num_channels, num_channels,
kernel_size=3, padding=1)
# 使用1*1卷积会调整分辨率和通道
if use_1x1conv:
self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(input_channels, num_channels,
kernel_size=1, stride=strides)
else:
self.conv3 = None
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(num_channels)
def forward(self, X):
Y = F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(X)))
Y = self.bn2(self.conv2(Y))
if self.conv3:
X = self.conv3(X)
Y += X
return F.relu(Y)
b1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),
nn.BatchNorm2d(64), nn.ReLU(),
nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
)
# 每个模块使用2个残差块
def resnet_block(input_channels, num_channels, num_residuals,
first_block=False):
blk = []
for i in range(num_residuals):
if i == 0 and not first_block:
blk.append(Residual(input_channels, num_channels,
use_1x1conv=True, strides=2))
else:
blk.append(Residual(num_channels, num_channels))
return blk
b2 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(64, 64, 2, first_block=True))
b3 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(64, 128, 2))
b4 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(128, 256, 2))
b5 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(256, 512, 2))
net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5,
nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1)),
nn.Flatten(), nn.Linear(512, 10)
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))
for layer in net:
X = layer(X)
print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\t', X.shape)
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 64, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 64, 56, 56])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 128, 28, 28])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 256, 14, 14])
Sequential output shape: torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7])
AdaptiveAvgPool2d output shape: torch.Size([1, 512, 1, 1])
Flatten output shape: torch.Size([1, 512])
Linear output shape: torch.Size([1, 10])