返回第一个不小于给定值的元素的迭代器
c++官网: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/lower_bound
定义在头文件:中
定义的形式之二如下,其他形式差不多
(1)
template< class ForwardIt, class T >
ForwardIt lower_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value );
(2)
template< class ForwardIt, class T, class Compare >
ForwardIt lower_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
const T& value, Compare comp );
在范围 [first, last) 中进行二分查找,查找不满足 element < value【或 comp(element, value))(即大于或等于)】的第一个元素的迭代器,如果未找到此类元素,则返回 last。
first, last - 定义要检查的偏序范围的迭代器
value - 比较元素的值
comp - 如果第一个参数小于(即排在第二个之前),则返回 true 的二元谓词。
指向范围 [first, last) 中第一个元素的迭代器,使得 element < value【或 comp(element, value)】为 false,如果没有找到这样的元素,则为 last。
第一版
template
ForwardIt lower_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value)
{
ForwardIt it;
typename std::iterator_traits::difference_type count, step;
count = std::distance(first, last);
while (count > 0)
{
it = first;
step = count / 2;
std::advance(it, step);
if (*it < value)
{
first = ++it;
count -= step + 1;
}
else
count = step;
}
return first;
}
第二版
template
ForwardIt lower_bound(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value, Compare comp)
{
ForwardIt it;
typename std::iterator_traits::difference_type count, step;
count = std::distance(first, last);
while (count > 0)
{
it = first;
step = count / 2;
std::advance(it, step);
if (comp(*it, value))
{
first = ++it;
count -= step + 1;
}
else
count = step;
}
return first;
}
#include
#include
#include
struct PriceInfo { double price; };
int main()
{
const std::vector data = {1, 2, 4, 5, 5, 6};
for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
{
// Search for first element x such that i ≤ x
auto lower = std::lower_bound(data.begin(), data.end(), i);
std::cout << i << " ≤ ";
lower != data.end()
? std::cout << *lower << " at index " << std::distance(data.begin(), lower)
: std::cout << "not found";
std::cout << '\n';
}
std::vector prices = {{100.0}, {101.5}, {102.5}, {102.5}, {107.3}};
for (double to_find : {102.5, 110.2})
{
auto prc_info = std::lower_bound(prices.begin(), prices.end(), to_find,
[](const PriceInfo& info, double value)
{
return info.price < value;
});
prc_info != prices.end()
? std::cout << prc_info->price << " at index " << prc_info - prices.begin()
: std::cout << to_find << " not found";
std::cout << '\n';
}
}
打印输出:
0 ≤ 1 at index 0
1 ≤ 1 at index 0
2 ≤ 2 at index 1
3 ≤ 4 at index 2
4 ≤ 4 at index 2
5 ≤ 5 at index 3
6 ≤ 6 at index 5
7 ≤ not found
102.5 at index 2
110.2 not found
与std::lower_bound()
相似
官网链接:https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/algorithm/upper_bound
作用:返回指向范围 [first, last) 中第一个元素的迭代器,使得 value < element【或 comp(value, element)】为真(即严格大于),如果没有找到这样的元素,则返回 last。
定义:
template< class ForwardIt, class T >
ForwardIt upper_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, const T& value );
或
template< class ForwardIt, class T, class Compare >
ForwardIt upper_bound( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last,
const T& value, Compare comp );