开始
在Android中我们要实现一个布局需要继承ViewGroup, 重写其中的onLayout和onMeasure方法. 其中onLayout负责给子控件设置布局区域, onMeaseure度量子控件大小和自身大小. 今天我们就研究下Flutter是如何实现布局的.
Flutter布局
首先我们挑选一个Flutter控件去看源码, 我们就选Stack, 因为它足够简单. 从表象上讲它只要重叠摆放一组子控件即可. 先看下Stack的源码:
class Stack extends MultiChildRenderObjectWidget {
Stack({
Key key,
this.alignment: AlignmentDirectional.topStart,
this.textDirection,
this.fit: StackFit.loose,
this.overflow: Overflow.clip,
List children: const [],
}) : super(key: key, children: children);
final AlignmentGeometry alignment;
final StackFit fit;
final Overflow overflow;
@override
RenderStack createRenderObject(BuildContext context) {
return new RenderStack(
alignment: alignment,
textDirection: textDirection ?? Directionality.of(context),
fit: fit,
overflow: overflow,
);
}
@override
void updateRenderObject(BuildContext context, RenderStack renderObject) {
renderObject
..alignment = alignment
..textDirection = textDirection ?? Directionality.of(context)
..fit = fit
..overflow = overflow;
}
@override
void debugFillProperties(DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder properties) {
super.debugFillProperties(properties);
properties.add(new DiagnosticsProperty('alignment', alignment));
properties.add(new EnumProperty('textDirection', textDirection, defaultValue: null));
properties.add(new EnumProperty('fit', fit));
properties.add(new EnumProperty('overflow', overflow));
}
}
Stack继承自MultiChildRenderObjectWidget, 重写了createRenderObject其返回了一个RenderStack对象, 实际的工作者. 而updateRenderObject则只是修改RenderStack对象的属性. debugFillProperties方法则是填充该类属性的参数值到DiagnosticPropertiesBuilder中.
我们看看Flex, 也是如此, 重写了createRenderObject其返回了一个RenderFlex对象, 实际的工作者. 而updateRenderObject则只是修改RenderFlex对象的属性.
所以我们接下来看看RenderStack, 精简代码如下:
class RenderStack extends RenderBox
with ContainerRenderObjectMixin,
RenderBoxContainerDefaultsMixin {
RenderStack({
List children,
AlignmentGeometry alignment: AlignmentDirectional.topStart,
TextDirection textDirection,
StackFit fit: StackFit.loose,
Overflow overflow: Overflow.clip,
}) : assert(alignment != null),
assert(fit != null),
assert(overflow != null),
_alignment = alignment,
_textDirection = textDirection,
_fit = fit,
_overflow = overflow {
addAll(children);
}
bool _hasVisualOverflow = false;
@override
void performLayout() {
_resolve();
assert(_resolvedAlignment != null);
_hasVisualOverflow = false;
bool hasNonPositionedChildren = false;
if (childCount == 0) {
size = constraints.biggest;
assert(size.isFinite);
return;
}
double width = constraints.minWidth;
double height = constraints.minHeight;
BoxConstraints nonPositionedConstraints;
assert(fit != null);
switch (fit) {
case StackFit.loose:
nonPositionedConstraints = constraints.loosen();
break;
case StackFit.expand:
nonPositionedConstraints = new BoxConstraints.tight(constraints.biggest);
break;
case StackFit.passthrough:
nonPositionedConstraints = constraints;
break;
}
assert(nonPositionedConstraints != null);
RenderBox child = firstChild;
while (child != null) {
final StackParentData childParentData = child.parentData;
if (!childParentData.isPositioned) {
hasNonPositionedChildren = true;
child.layout(nonPositionedConstraints, parentUsesSize: true);
final Size childSize = child.size;
width = math.max(width, childSize.width);
height = math.max(height, childSize.height);
}
child = childParentData.nextSibling;
}
if (hasNonPositionedChildren) {
size = new Size(width, height);
assert(size.width == constraints.constrainWidth(width));
assert(size.height == constraints.constrainHeight(height));
} else {
size = constraints.biggest;
}
assert(size.isFinite);
child = firstChild;
while (child != null) {
final StackParentData childParentData = child.parentData;
if (!childParentData.isPositioned) {
childParentData.offset = _resolvedAlignment.alongOffset(size - child.size);
} else {
BoxConstraints childConstraints = const BoxConstraints();
if (childParentData.left != null && childParentData.right != null)
childConstraints = childConstraints.tighten(width: size.width - childParentData.right - childParentData.left);
else if (childParentData.width != null)
childConstraints = childConstraints.tighten(width: childParentData.width);
if (childParentData.top != null && childParentData.bottom != null)
childConstraints = childConstraints.tighten(height: size.height - childParentData.bottom - childParentData.top);
else if (childParentData.height != null)
childConstraints = childConstraints.tighten(height: childParentData.height);
child.layout(childConstraints, parentUsesSize: true);
double x;
if (childParentData.left != null) {
x = childParentData.left;
} else if (childParentData.right != null) {
x = size.width - childParentData.right - child.size.width;
} else {
x = _resolvedAlignment.alongOffset(size - child.size).dx;
}
if (x < 0.0 || x + child.size.width > size.width)
_hasVisualOverflow = true;
double y;
if (childParentData.top != null) {
y = childParentData.top;
} else if (childParentData.bottom != null) {
y = size.height - childParentData.bottom - child.size.height;
} else {
y = _resolvedAlignment.alongOffset(size - child.size).dy;
}
if (y < 0.0 || y + child.size.height > size.height)
_hasVisualOverflow = true;
childParentData.offset = new Offset(x, y);
}
assert(child.parentData == childParentData);
child = childParentData.nextSibling;
}
}
@protected
void paintStack(PaintingContext context, Offset offset) {
defaultPaint(context, offset);
}
@override
void paint(PaintingContext context, Offset offset) {
if (_overflow == Overflow.clip && _hasVisualOverflow) {
context.pushClipRect(needsCompositing, offset, Offset.zero & size, paintStack);
} else {
paintStack(context, offset);
}
}
}
可以看出RenderStack接收了所有传递给Stack的参数, 毕竟RenderStack才是实际干活的^^. performLayout负责了所有布局相关的工作. performLayout首先分析StackFit参数, 该参数有3个值:
- StackFit.loose 按最小的来.
- StackFit.expand 按最大的来.
- StackFit.passthrough
Stack上层为->Expanded->Row, 横向尽量大, 纵向尽量小.
得出BoxConstraints. 然后遍历所有子控件, 如果不是Positioned类型子控件, 则将BoxConstraints传给子控件让它根据父控件大小自己内部布局. 并且记录下所有子控件结合RenderStack自生大小得出的最大高度和宽度. 将其设置为当前控件大小.
接着再继续从头遍历子控件, 如果不是Positioned类型子控件, 根据alignment参数, 设置子控件在父控件中的偏移量, 比如Stack设置了居中, 上面计算出宽100, 高200, 而子控件宽30, 高30, 那么子控件需要偏移x=35, y=85. 如果是Positioned类型的子控件, 先将RenderStack的size大小, 减去Positioned属性里的大小. 再来计算便宜量.
这个里面有_hasVisualOverflow变量, 如果内容超出RenderStack大小, 其值为true. 也就是我们写布局时, 内容超过范围了, 报出来一个色块提示, 就是如此得出的.
_overflow属性则指定了子控件的绘制区域是否能超过父控件, 跟Android中的clipChildren属性很像.
另外我们再分析下IndexedStack, 该控件一次只能显示一个子控件. 其实际差异在RenderIndexedStack
class RenderIndexedStack extends RenderStack {
...
@override
bool hitTestChildren(HitTestResult result, { @required Offset position }) {
if (firstChild == null || index == null)
return false;
assert(position != null);
final RenderBox child = _childAtIndex();
final StackParentData childParentData = child.parentData;
return child.hitTest(result, position: position - childParentData.offset);
}
@override
void paintStack(PaintingContext context, Offset offset) {
if (firstChild == null || index == null)
return;
final RenderBox child = _childAtIndex();
final StackParentData childParentData = child.parentData;
context.paintChild(child, childParentData.offset + offset);
}
...
}
重写了RenderStack的paintStack和hitTestChildren方法, 只绘制选中的子控件, 和接收事件.
总结
实现一个自定义布局, 我们需要先继承MultiChildRenderObjectWidget, 然后重写createRenderObject和updateRenderObject方法, 前者返回我们自定义的RenderBox的对象. 后者更新想要传递的属性. 然后需要我们继承RenderBox, 来扩展我们想要的功能特性.