Android APT-gradle3.x

背景

一直在用,感谢有些荒废最近总结下APT,这里APT啊其实就是在编译期生成.java文件。
APT(Annotation Processing Tool)是一种注解处理工具,它对源文件代码进行检测,找出其中的注解,并对此进行额外的处理,如检查代码书写规范,生成额外的源文件等(具体内容由注解处理器的实现所决定)。我们基本就是生成java文件用的多。

场景

1、多模块开发,解耦
2、无缝衔接实现类
这里我们就直接来干货、总结为主。

材料

  • 注解类Annotation
  • 注解处理类

注解类

作用:标识当前APT姿势处理范围。
这里我们是针对类处理@Target(ElementType.TYPE) ,这里我们是要在编译期生成类,所以保留位置@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
Java中元注解有四个: @Retention @Target @Document @Inherited;
@Retention:注解的保留位置         
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) // 默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

@Target:注解的作用目标
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解
@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface TestAnno {
}

注解处理类

作用:处理注解类所标识的类
1、配置gradle

apply plugin: 'java'
sourceCompatibility = "1.7"
targetCompatibility = "1.7"
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')
    compile 'com.google.auto.service:auto-service:1.0-rc6'//谷歌的帮助我们快速实现注解处理器
    compile project(':annotion_a')//自己定义的注解的java lib
    compile 'com.squareup:javapoet:1.7.0'//用来生成java文件的,避免字符串拼接的尴尬
}

2、创建注解类处理类processer

package notification.violet.com.annotion_compile;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;
import javax.annotation.processing.Filer;
import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;
import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;
import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
import javax.lang.model.element.ElementKind;
import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
import javax.tools.Diagnostic;

/**
 * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
 */
//@AutoService(Processor.class)
public class ActivityInjectProcesser extends AbstractProcessor {
    private Filer mFiler; //文件相关的辅助类
    private Elements mElementUtils; //元素相关的辅助类  许多元素
    private Messager mMessager; //日志相关的辅助类

    private Map mAnnotatedClassMap;

    @Override
    public synchronized void init(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnv) {
        super.init(processingEnv);
        mFiler = processingEnv.getFiler();
        mElementUtils = processingEnv.getElementUtils();
        mMessager = processingEnv.getMessager();
        mAnnotatedClassMap = new TreeMap<>();
        log("-------------------------初始化----------------------");
    }

    @Override
    public boolean process(Set annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) {
        mAnnotatedClassMap.clear();
        log("-------------------------执行----------------------");
        try {
            processActivityCheck(roundEnv);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            error(e.getMessage());
        }

        for (AnnotatedClass annotatedClass : mAnnotatedClassMap.values()) {
            try {
                annotatedClass.generateActivityFile().writeTo(mFiler);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                error("Generate file failed, reason: %s", e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return true;
    }


    private void processActivityCheck(RoundEnvironment roundEnv) throws IllegalArgumentException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //check ruleslass forName(String className
        for (Element element : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith((Class) Class.forName(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH))) {
            if (element.getKind() == ElementKind.CLASS) {
                getAnnotatedClass(element);
            } else
                error("ActivityInject only can use  in ElementKind.CLASS");
        }
    }

    private AnnotatedClass getAnnotatedClass(Element element) {
        // tipe . can not use chines  so  ....
        // get TypeElement  element is class's --->class  TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element
        //  get TypeElement  element is method's ---> TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element.getEnclosingElement();
        TypeElement typeElement = (TypeElement) element;
        String fullName = typeElement.getQualifiedName().toString();
        AnnotatedClass annotatedClass = mAnnotatedClassMap.get(fullName);
        if (annotatedClass == null) {
            annotatedClass = new AnnotatedClass(typeElement, mElementUtils, mMessager);
            mAnnotatedClassMap.put(fullName, annotatedClass);
        }
        return annotatedClass;
    }


    @Override
    public SourceVersion getSupportedSourceVersion() {
        return SourceVersion.latestSupported();
    }


    @Override
    public Set getSupportedAnnotationTypes() {
        Set types = new LinkedHashSet<>();
        types.add(TypeUtil.ANNOTATION_PATH);
        return types;
    }

    private void error(String msg, Object... args) {
        mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.ERROR, String.format(msg, args));
    }

    private void log(String msg, Object... args) {
        mMessager.printMessage(Diagnostic.Kind.NOTE, String.format(msg, args));
    }
}


/**
 * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
 */
public class AnnotatedClass {

    private TypeElement mTypeElement;//activity  //fragmemt
    private Elements mElements;
    private Messager mMessager;//日志打印

    public AnnotatedClass(TypeElement typeElement, Elements elements, Messager messager) {
        mTypeElement = typeElement;
        mElements = elements;
        this.mMessager = messager;
    }


    public JavaFile generateActivityFile() {
        // build inject method
        MethodSpec.Builder injectMethod = MethodSpec.methodBuilder(TypeUtil.METHOD_NAME)
                .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                .addParameter(TypeName.get(mTypeElement.asType()), "activity", Modifier.FINAL);
        injectMethod.addStatement("android.widget.Toast.makeText" +
                "(activity, $S,android.widget.Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();", "from build");
        //generaClass
        TypeSpec injectClass = TypeSpec.classBuilder(mTypeElement.getSimpleName() + "$$InjectActivity")
                .addModifiers(Modifier.PUBLIC)
                .addMethod(injectMethod.build())
                .build();
        String packgeName = mElements.getPackageOf(mTypeElement).getQualifiedName().toString();
        return JavaFile.builder(packgeName, injectClass).build();
    }

}

/**
 * Created by violet_k on 2020/4/6.
 */
public class TypeUtil {
    public static final String METHOD_NAME = "inject";
    public static final String ANNOTATION_PATH = "notification.violet.com.annotion_a.TestAnno";
}

使用

1、在project 的gradle中增加apt依赖

        classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'

2、新建APP,在APP gradle中依赖之前定义注解和注解处理类

apply plugin: 'com.neenbedankt.android-apt'
依赖增加如下:
compile project(':annotion_a')
apt project(':annotion_compile')

在MainActivity 头上加定义注解

@TestAnno
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //调用build生成的类
        InjectActivity.inject(this);
    }
}

3、然后直接通过类加载方式获取即可

public class InjectActivity {
    private static final ArrayMap injectMap = new ArrayMap<>();

    public static void inject(AppCompatActivity activity) {
        String className = activity.getClass().getName();
        try {
            Object inject = injectMap.get(className);

            if (inject == null) {
                Class aClass = Class.forName(className + "$$InjectActivity");
                inject = aClass.newInstance();
                injectMap.put(className, inject);
            }
            Method m1 = inject.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("inject", activity.getClass());
            m1.invoke(inject, activity);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

小建议

这里有一个auto-service,说到这个就要谈到SPI,这里不展开,我们这里小记下,如果auto-service和我们项目配置冲突,如何解决。
这里auto-service作用:就是帮助我们配置对注解处理类生成META-INF说明, 如果说我们无法使用autoService,这里不要着急,解决如下:
我们在main包下新建resources包,然后把META-INF放入,里面按照图中新建就OK,最后把你的注解类处理类全路径加入就OK。


META-INF的路径.png
javax.annotation.processing.Processor文件里面配置内容就是你的注解类处理类的全路径
notification.violet.com.annotion_compile.ActivityInjectProcesser

以上也是看了上优秀文章总结,代码经过一个文章改良而来,忘记链接了对不住,只记得代码作者:JokAr,非常感谢,如果作者看到了在下方留言链接,我贴到这里补充上~。
补上github地址:
https://github.com/violet520/Journey

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