python+xlrd+xlutils+selenium简单实现excel自动化测试

环境准备

python3.7
新建python工程
chromedriver.exe

  pip install xlrd
  pip install xlutils
  pip install selenium

项目结构

项目结构

项目结构

一、获取测试用例

Excel用例分为两部分
元素


image.png

获取页面元素信息:

def getPages(path):
    book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)  # 打开要读取的Excel
    sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0)
    rows = sheet.nrows  # sheet页里面的行数
    webPages = []##存放webPage类
    webpage = webPageClass()
    for i in range(1, rows):
        cells = sheet.row_values(i)
        # print(cells)
        if i == 1:
            webpage.pageName = cells[0]
        elif cells[0] != '':
            ##如果当第一格有值,那么将上一个webpage对象加入到webpages集合中,并创建一个新的webpage类
            webPages.append(webpage)
            webpage = webPageClass()
            webpage.pageName = cells[0]
        webelement = pageElementClass(cells[1], cells[2], cells[3])
        webpage.pageElements.append(webelement)
        if i == rows - 1:
            ##当到达最后一行时,将webpage对象添加到webpages中
            webPages.append(webpage)
    return webPages

用例

image.png

获取用例信息

def getcase(path):
    book = xlrd.open_workbook(path)  # 打开要读取的Excel
    sheet = book.sheet_by_index(1)
    rows = sheet.nrows  # sheet页里面的行
    webpages = webpage.getPages(path)
    testcaseList = []##存放case对象
    testcase = TestCaseClass("")
    for i in range(1, rows):
        cells = sheet.row_values(i)
        if i == 1:
            testcase.casename = cells[0]
        elif cells[0] != "":
            ##当第一个格子有值值时创建一个新的case对象,并将上一个case对象添加到数组中
            testcaseList.append(testcase)
            testcase = TestCaseClass(cells[0])
            ##检查用例元素是否存在再页面中
        element = findpageelement(webpages, cells[3], cells[4])
        ##floatTostring()excel表中会出现纯数字内容,py会将其默认为float类型;
        ##所以需根据该值具体情况,转化为str类型
        step = CaseStepClass(stepname=cells[2], element=element, action=cells[5], parm=floatTostring(cells[6]),
                             expect=cells[7], row=i)
        testcase.steps.append(step)
    testcaseList.append(testcase)
    return testcaseList


def floatTostring(value):
    if type(value) == float:
        if value - int(value) == 0:
            ##如果value为整数则需转化为int在转化为str
            return str(int(value))
        else:
            ##如果value为小数则直接转化为str
            return str(value)
    return str(value)


def findpageelement(webElements, pagename, elementname):
    ##根据页面名称、元素名称寻找具体的元素属性,如果寻到了则返回pageelement对象
    ##如果没有找到则直接退出程序
    print("寻找的页面" + pagename + "寻找的元素" + elementname)
    for webPage in webElements:
        print("进入页面" + webPage.pageName)
        if webPage.pageName != pagename:
            continue
        elif webPage.pageName == pagename:
            for pageElement in webPage.pageElements:
                if pageElement.elemnetNmae != elementname:
                    continue
                elif pageElement.elemnetNmae == elementname:
                    print("找到了元素")
                    print(pageElement.say())
                    return pageElement
                else:
                    print("findpageelement:elementerr")
        else:
            print("findpageelement:pageerr")
    print("!!!!!!!!寻找不到元素")
    exit()

webdriver操作

元素定位

    def find_element(self, type, value):
        ###只是添加了一些打印信息
        print("方法" + type + "目标值:" + value + "查找元素")
        try:
            webElment = self.webdriver.find_element(type, value)
        except BaseException:
            print("寻找元素错误")
        else:
            print("寻找元素daole")
            return webElment

元素操作

    def elementAction(self, step):
        ##根据step.action的值,执行相应的webdriver方法
        if step.action == "get":
            print("浏览器打开了url:" + step.element.value)
            self.webdriver.get(step.element.value)
            return
        element = self.find_element(step.element.by, step.element.value)
        if step.action == "click":
            print("点击了元素:" + step.element.value)
            element.click()
        elif step.action == "text":
            print("预期值:" + step.expect)
            print("实际值:" + element.text)
            # assert step.expect == element.text
            if step.expect == element.text:
                # record(result="T", row=step.row)
                return "T"
            else:
                return "F"
        elif step.action == "send_keys":
            print("send_keys元素:" + str(step.parm))
            element.send_keys(step.parm)
        elif step.action == "clear":
            element.clear()
        else:
            print("action值错误")

用例执行

 ##执行用例
    def run(self):
        for testCase in self.testCases:
            print("==============开始执行用例<<" + testCase.casename + ">>==============")
            self.docase(testCase)
            print("==============用例执行完毕<<" + testCase.casename + ">>==============")
        self.close()
    ##关闭浏览器
    def close(self):
        self.webDriver.webdriver.close()
    ##执行用例步骤
    def docase(self, case):
        for step in case.steps:
            try:
                if step.action == "text":
                    ##当步骤方法为text时,设想为校验步骤
                    ##执行elementAction方法会返回校验结果
                    result = self.webDriver.elementAction(step)
                    ##记录校验结果
                    self.record(result=result, row=step.row)
                else:
                    ##其它动作类型
                    self.webDriver.elementAction(step)
            except BaseException:
                print("err:步骤异常提前记录,并结束这一次用例")
                self.record("F", case.steps[len(case.steps)-1].row)
                break

    def record(self, result, row):
        ###只支持xls
        print("***写入用例结果****")
        print("用例通过情况:" + result)
        book = xlrd.open_workbook(self.casepath)
        wtbook = xlutils.copy.copy(book)
        wtsheet = wtbook.get_sheet(1)
        wtsheet.write(row, 8, result)
        wtbook.save(self.casepath)

程序启动

# 遍历文件夹
def walkFile(file):
    filelist = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file):
        # root 表示当前正在访问的文件夹路径
        # dirs 表示该文件夹下的子目录名list
        # files 表示该文件夹下的文件list
        # 遍历文件
        for f in files:
            print(os.path.join(root, f))
            filelist.append(f)
        # # 遍历所有的文件夹
        # for d in dirs:
        #     print(os.path.join(root, d))
    return filelist


def main():
    ##获取用例文件信息
    filelist = walkFile("./excelcase/")
    for casefile in filelist:
        ##根据用例文件创建多个测试任务
        print("==============获取用例数据==============")
        casefile = './excelcase/'+casefile
        caselist = testcase.getcase(casefile)
        print("==============用例数据获取完成==============")
        testtask = test.testClass(caselist, casefile)
        testtask.run()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

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