netty源码解析

写在前面

netty是在java生态中被广泛使用的网络框架,封装了bio nio等io模式,udp tcp http等网络协议,它做到屏蔽网络底层细节与高性能,让开发者更专注于上层逻辑。dubbo、rocketmq等中间件都使用netty作为网络通信框架。


netty框架组成图

废话不多说,直接开始源码解析。

server初始化解析

先看一下Server的初始化demo,看看是怎么启动的。首先创建ServerBootstrap,然后设置bossGroup和workerGroup,设置网络option,设置NioServerSocketChannel,设置channel初始化方法,即为pipeline添加处理器,最后bind到本地端口,结束初始化流程。

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
            b.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
            b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
            b.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                    ch.pipeline().addLast("encoder", MqttEncoder.INSTANCE);
                    ch.pipeline().addLast("decoder", new MqttDecoder());
                    ch.pipeline().addLast("heartBeatHandler", new IdleStateHandler(45, 0, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
                    ch.pipeline().addLast("handler", MqttHeartBeatBrokerHandler.INSTANCE);
                }
            });

            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(1883).sync();
            System.out.println("Broker initiated...");

            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } finally {
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

group方法是对ServerBootstrap的group和childGroup进行赋值,不再细说。

option方法是对ServerBootstrap的options进行赋值,不再细说。

channel方法是生成ReflectiveChannelFactory,然后赋值到ServerBootstrap的channelFactory,ReflectiveChannelFactory可以根据传入的channel.class,利用反射调用构造方法进行生成实例。

public B channel(Class channelClass) {
        return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory(
                ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channelClass, "channelClass")
        ));
    }

@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "deprecation" })
    public B channelFactory(io.netty.channel.ChannelFactory channelFactory) {
        return channelFactory((ChannelFactory) channelFactory);
    }

 @Deprecated
    public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory channelFactory) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channelFactory, "channelFactory");
        if (this.channelFactory != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already");
        }

        this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
        return self();
    }

childHandler方法是对ServerBootstrap的childHandler进行赋值,不再细说。
终于来到重点,那么bind方法会做什么事情呢?bind会最终调用到AbstractBootstrap的doBind方法,先调用initAndRegister,再调用doBind0。

 private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
        final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
        final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
            return regFuture;
        }

        if (regFuture.isDone()) {
            // At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful.
            ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
            doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
            return promise;
        } else {
            // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
            final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
            regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    if (cause != null) {
                        // Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
                        // IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
                        promise.setFailure(cause);
                    } else {
                        // Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
                        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
                        promise.registered();

                        doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
            return promise;
        }
    }

来到initAndRegister,先调用channelFactory.newChannel生成channel,这里就是调用ReflectiveChannelFactory的newChannel生成的NioServerSocketChannel,再调用init方法,初始化channel,最后调用register方法,注册channel。

final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
        Channel channel = null;
        try {
            channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
            init(channel);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (channel != null) {
                // channel can be null if newChannel crashed (eg SocketException("too many open files"))
                channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
                // as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
                return new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
            }
            // as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
            return new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
        }

        ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
            if (channel.isRegistered()) {
                channel.close();
            } else {
                channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
            }
        }

        // If we are here and the promise is not failed, it's one of the following cases:
        // 1) If we attempted registration from the event loop, the registration has been completed at this point.
        //    i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now because the channel has been registered.
        // 2) If we attempted registration from the other thread, the registration request has been successfully
        //    added to the event loop's task queue for later execution.
        //    i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now:
        //         because bind() or connect() will be executed *after* the scheduled registration task is executed
        //         because register(), bind(), and connect() are all bound to the same thread.

        return regFuture;
    }

来看init方法,可以看到向channel设置了options和attributes,然后向channel的pipeline设置一个ServerBootstrapAcceptor。可以看到ServerBootstrapAcceptor的初始化带上了childGroup、childHandler、currentChildOptions、currentChildAttrs,就可以理解此类是为了接收accept事件并生成childChannel往childGroup注册的处理关键类。

 @Override
    void init(Channel channel) {
        setChannelOptions(channel, newOptionsArray(), logger);
        setAttributes(channel, attrs0().entrySet().toArray(EMPTY_ATTRIBUTE_ARRAY));

        ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();

        final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
        final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
        final Entry, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
        synchronized (childOptions) {
            currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(EMPTY_OPTION_ARRAY);
        }
        final Entry, Object>[] currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(EMPTY_ATTRIBUTE_ARRAY);

        p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer() {
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }

                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }

再看到register方法,会调用到bossGroup的register方法,继续调用到unsafe.register。

   @Override
    public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
        promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise);
        return promise;
    }

来到AbstractUnsafe.register,会经过调用链register0->doRegister,最终来到AbstractNioChannel的doRegister方法,终于接触到java的底层网络相关类,调用SelectableChannel的register完成向底层注册。

 @Override
    protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
            try {
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
                if (!selected) {
                    // Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
                    // cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
                    eventLoop().selectNow();
                    selected = true;
                } else {
                    // We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
                    // for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
    }

register0完成底层注册后,会调用doBeginRead,向selectionKey注册兴趣事件(即accept事件)。

    @Override
    protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
        // Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
        final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
        if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
            return;
        }

        readPending = true;

        final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
        if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
            selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
        }
    }

最后是doBind0,会调用到底层的bind方法。最终完成了server的初始化。

    private static void doBind0(
            final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
            final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {

        // This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered.  Give user handlers a chance to set up
        // the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.
        channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
                    channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
                } else {
                    promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @SuppressJava6Requirement(reason = "Usage guarded by java version check")
    @Override
    protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
        if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
            javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
        } else {
            javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
        }
    }

client初始化解析

client的初始化是调用Bootstrap的connect方法进行的,继续调用doResolveAndConnect处理。

    public ChannelFuture connect(SocketAddress remoteAddress) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(remoteAddress, "remoteAddress");
        validate();
        return doResolveAndConnect(remoteAddress, config.localAddress());
    }

一样的,client的initAndRegister跟server同理,不一样的只是会注册的事件是read。

 private ChannelFuture doResolveAndConnect(final SocketAddress remoteAddress, final SocketAddress localAddress) {
        final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
        final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();

        if (regFuture.isDone()) {
            if (!regFuture.isSuccess()) {
                return regFuture;
            }
            return doResolveAndConnect0(channel, remoteAddress, localAddress, channel.newPromise());
        } else {
            // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
            final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
            regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                    // Directly obtain the cause and do a null check so we only need one volatile read in case of a
                    // failure.
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    if (cause != null) {
                        // Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
                        // IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
                        promise.setFailure(cause);
                    } else {
                        // Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
                        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
                        promise.registered();
                        doResolveAndConnect0(channel, remoteAddress, localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
            return promise;
        }
    }

来到doResolveAndConnect0,会调用doConnect->channel.connect。

   private ChannelFuture doResolveAndConnect0(final Channel channel, SocketAddress remoteAddress,
                                               final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
        try {
            final EventLoop eventLoop = channel.eventLoop();
            AddressResolver resolver;
            try {
                resolver = this.resolver.getResolver(eventLoop);
            } catch (Throwable cause) {
                channel.close();
                return promise.setFailure(cause);
            }

            if (!resolver.isSupported(remoteAddress) || resolver.isResolved(remoteAddress)) {
                // Resolver has no idea about what to do with the specified remote address or it's resolved already.
                doConnect(remoteAddress, localAddress, promise);
                return promise;
            }

            final Future resolveFuture = resolver.resolve(remoteAddress);

            if (resolveFuture.isDone()) {
                final Throwable resolveFailureCause = resolveFuture.cause();

                if (resolveFailureCause != null) {
                    // Failed to resolve immediately
                    channel.close();
                    promise.setFailure(resolveFailureCause);
                } else {
                    // Succeeded to resolve immediately; cached? (or did a blocking lookup)
                    doConnect(resolveFuture.getNow(), localAddress, promise);
                }
                return promise;
            }

            // Wait until the name resolution is finished.
            resolveFuture.addListener(new FutureListener() {
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(Future future) throws Exception {
                    if (future.cause() != null) {
                        channel.close();
                        promise.setFailure(future.cause());
                    } else {
                        doConnect(future.getNow(), localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
        } catch (Throwable cause) {
            promise.tryFailure(cause);
        }
        return promise;
    }

    private static void doConnect(
            final SocketAddress remoteAddress, final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise connectPromise) {

        // This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered.  Give user handlers a chance to set up
        // the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.
        final Channel channel = connectPromise.channel();
        channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (localAddress == null) {
                    channel.connect(remoteAddress, connectPromise);
                } else {
                    channel.connect(remoteAddress, localAddress, connectPromise);
                }
                connectPromise.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
            }
        });
    }

最终会来到AbstractNioChannel.AbstractNioUnsafe.connect,然后调用到doConnect。


        @Override
        public final void connect(
                final SocketAddress remoteAddress, final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
            if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
                return;
            }

            try {
                if (connectPromise != null) {
                    // Already a connect in process.
                    throw new ConnectionPendingException();
                }

                boolean wasActive = isActive();
                if (doConnect(remoteAddress, localAddress)) {
                    fulfillConnectPromise(promise, wasActive);
                } else {
                    connectPromise = promise;
                    requestedRemoteAddress = remoteAddress;

                    // Schedule connect timeout.
                    int connectTimeoutMillis = config().getConnectTimeoutMillis();
                    if (connectTimeoutMillis > 0) {
                        connectTimeoutFuture = eventLoop().schedule(new Runnable() {
                            @Override
                            public void run() {
                                ChannelPromise connectPromise = AbstractNioChannel.this.connectPromise;
                                if (connectPromise != null && !connectPromise.isDone()
                                        && connectPromise.tryFailure(new ConnectTimeoutException(
                                                "connection timed out: " + remoteAddress))) {
                                    close(voidPromise());
                                }
                            }
                        }, connectTimeoutMillis, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                    }

                    promise.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                            if (future.isCancelled()) {
                                if (connectTimeoutFuture != null) {
                                    connectTimeoutFuture.cancel(false);
                                }
                                connectPromise = null;
                                close(voidPromise());
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                promise.tryFailure(annotateConnectException(t, remoteAddress));
                closeIfClosed();
            }
        }

doConnect调用底层connect,若没完成则注册connect事件。完成client的初始化。

    @Override
    protected boolean doConnect(SocketAddress remoteAddress, SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
        if (localAddress != null) {
            doBind0(localAddress);
        }

        boolean success = false;
        try {
            boolean connected = SocketUtils.connect(javaChannel(), remoteAddress);
            if (!connected) {
                selectionKey().interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
            }
            success = true;
            return connected;
        } finally {
            if (!success) {
                doClose();
            }
        }
    }

client发送消息到server处理

来到AbstractChannel的writeAndFlush方法,会调用到pipeline.writeAndFlush->tail.writeAndFlush->AbstractChannelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush,最终来到其write方法。

    @Override
    public ChannelFuture writeAndFlush(Object msg) {
        return pipeline.writeAndFlush(msg);
    }

    @Override
    public final ChannelFuture writeAndFlush(Object msg) {
        return tail.writeAndFlush(msg);
    }

    @Override
    public ChannelFuture writeAndFlush(Object msg) {
        return writeAndFlush(msg, newPromise());
    }

    @Override
    public ChannelFuture writeAndFlush(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
        write(msg, true, promise);
        return promise;
    }

来到write方法,会取出对应的下一个ChannelHandlerContext,调用其write方法,再调用其flush方法。

 private void write(Object msg, boolean flush, ChannelPromise promise) {
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(msg, "msg");
        try {
            if (isNotValidPromise(promise, true)) {
                ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
                // cancelled
                return;
            }
        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
            throw e;
        }

        final AbstractChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound(flush ?
                (MASK_WRITE | MASK_FLUSH) : MASK_WRITE);
        final Object m = pipeline.touch(msg, next);
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
            if (flush) {
                next.invokeWriteAndFlush(m, promise);
            } else {
                next.invokeWrite(m, promise);
            }
        } else {
            final WriteTask task = WriteTask.newInstance(next, m, promise, flush);
            if (!safeExecute(executor, task, promise, m, !flush)) {
                // We failed to submit the WriteTask. We need to cancel it so we decrement the pending bytes
                // and put it back in the Recycler for re-use later.
                //
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8343.
                task.cancel();
            }
        }
    }

void invokeWriteAndFlush(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
        if (invokeHandler()) {
            invokeWrite0(msg, promise);
            invokeFlush0();
        } else {
            writeAndFlush(msg, promise);
        }
    }

private void invokeWrite0(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
        try {
            ((ChannelOutboundHandler) handler()).write(this, msg, promise);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            notifyOutboundHandlerException(t, promise);
        }
    }

 private void invokeFlush0() {
        try {
            ((ChannelOutboundHandler) handler()).flush(this);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            invokeExceptionCaught(t);
        }
    }

经过业务的handler后,最终会流经HeadContext的write和flush方法,调用unsafe的write和flush方法。

        @Override
        public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
            unsafe.write(msg, promise);
        }

        @Override
        public void flush(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
            unsafe.flush();
        }

unsafe的write方法主要是将msg添加到outboundBuffer中。

        @Override
        public final void write(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
            assertEventLoop();

            ChannelOutboundBuffer outboundBuffer = this.outboundBuffer;
            if (outboundBuffer == null) {
                try {
                    // release message now to prevent resource-leak
                    ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
                } finally {
                    // If the outboundBuffer is null we know the channel was closed and so
                    // need to fail the future right away. If it is not null the handling of the rest
                    // will be done in flush0()
                    // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2362
                    safeSetFailure(promise,
                            newClosedChannelException(initialCloseCause, "write(Object, ChannelPromise)"));
                }
                return;
            }

            int size;
            try {
                msg = filterOutboundMessage(msg);
                size = pipeline.estimatorHandle().size(msg);
                if (size < 0) {
                    size = 0;
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                try {
                    ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
                } finally {
                    safeSetFailure(promise, t);
                }
                return;
            }

            outboundBuffer.addMessage(msg, size, promise);
        }

unsafe的flush方法会调用到doWrite方法,将buffer的数据写入到底层的channel,并且注册write事件,等待再次强制flush。

 @Override
    protected void doWrite(ChannelOutboundBuffer in) throws Exception {
        int writeSpinCount = config().getWriteSpinCount();
        do {
            Object msg = in.current();
            if (msg == null) {
                // Wrote all messages.
                clearOpWrite();
                // Directly return here so incompleteWrite(...) is not called.
                return;
            }
            writeSpinCount -= doWriteInternal(in, msg);
        } while (writeSpinCount > 0);

        incompleteWrite(writeSpinCount < 0);
    }

 private int doWriteInternal(ChannelOutboundBuffer in, Object msg) throws Exception {
        if (msg instanceof ByteBuf) {
            ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
            if (!buf.isReadable()) {
                in.remove();
                return 0;
            }

            final int localFlushedAmount = doWriteBytes(buf);
            if (localFlushedAmount > 0) {
                in.progress(localFlushedAmount);
                if (!buf.isReadable()) {
                    in.remove();
                }
                return 1;
            }
        } else if (msg instanceof FileRegion) {
            FileRegion region = (FileRegion) msg;
            if (region.transferred() >= region.count()) {
                in.remove();
                return 0;
            }

            long localFlushedAmount = doWriteFileRegion(region);
            if (localFlushedAmount > 0) {
                in.progress(localFlushedAmount);
                if (region.transferred() >= region.count()) {
                    in.remove();
                }
                return 1;
            }
        } else {
            // Should not reach here.
            throw new Error();
        }
        return WRITE_STATUS_SNDBUF_FULL;
    }

    @Override
    protected int doWriteBytes(ByteBuf buf) throws Exception {
        final int expectedWrittenBytes = buf.readableBytes();
        return buf.readBytes(javaChannel(), expectedWrittenBytes);
    }

    protected final void incompleteWrite(boolean setOpWrite) {
        // Did not write completely.
        if (setOpWrite) {
            setOpWrite();
        } else {
            // It is possible that we have set the write OP, woken up by NIO because the socket is writable, and then
            // use our write quantum. In this case we no longer want to set the write OP because the socket is still
            // writable (as far as we know). We will find out next time we attempt to write if the socket is writable
            // and set the write OP if necessary.
            clearOpWrite();

            // Schedule flush again later so other tasks can be picked up in the meantime
            eventLoop().execute(flushTask);
        }
    }

    protected final void setOpWrite() {
        final SelectionKey key = selectionKey();
        // Check first if the key is still valid as it may be canceled as part of the deregistration
        // from the EventLoop
        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2104
        if (!key.isValid()) {
            return;
        }
        final int interestOps = key.interestOps();
        if ((interestOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) == 0) {
            key.interestOps(interestOps | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
        }
    }

回到server端,server需要先接收client的连接获取到channel注册到childGroup。还记得注册的accept事件吗?当事件到来,在NioEventLoop里会调用unsafe.read处理。

 // Process OP_WRITE first as we may be able to write some queued buffers and so free memory.
            if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
                // Call forceFlush which will also take care of clear the OP_WRITE once there is nothing left to write
                ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
            }

unsafe.read会调用doReadMessages读取连接信息,然后调用pipeline.fireChannelRead进行处理。

  @Override
        public void read() {
            assert eventLoop().inEventLoop();
            final ChannelConfig config = config();
            final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
            final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
            allocHandle.reset(config);

            boolean closed = false;
            Throwable exception = null;
            try {
                try {
                    do {
                        int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);
                        if (localRead == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (localRead < 0) {
                            closed = true;
                            break;
                        }

                        allocHandle.incMessagesRead(localRead);
                    } while (allocHandle.continueReading());
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    exception = t;
                }

                int size = readBuf.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                    readPending = false;
                    pipeline.fireChannelRead(readBuf.get(i));
                }
                readBuf.clear();
                allocHandle.readComplete();
                pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();

                if (exception != null) {
                    closed = closeOnReadError(exception);

                    pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(exception);
                }

                if (closed) {
                    inputShutdown = true;
                    if (isOpen()) {
                        close(voidPromise());
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                // Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet.
                // This could be for two reasons:
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method
                //
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254
                if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
                    removeReadOp();
                }
            }
        }
    }

doReadMessages会调用底层channel的accept方法获取到SocketChannel,并封装成NioSocketChannel进行返回。

    @Override
    protected int doReadMessages(List buf) throws Exception {
        SocketChannel ch = SocketUtils.accept(javaChannel());

        try {
            if (ch != null) {
                buf.add(new NioSocketChannel(this, ch));
                return 1;
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            logger.warn("Failed to create a new channel from an accepted socket.", t);

            try {
                ch.close();
            } catch (Throwable t2) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close a socket.", t2);
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }
 
 

pipeline.fireChannelRead会调用到ServerBootstrapAcceptor的channelRead方法,可以看到对Channel设置了handler、options、attributes,并将其注册到childGroup,一样会监听read事件。

  @Override
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
            final Channel child = (Channel) msg;

            child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);

            setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);
            setAttributes(child, childAttrs);

            try {
                childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
                        if (!future.isSuccess()) {
                            forceClose(child, future.cause());
                        }
                    }
                });
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                forceClose(child, t);
            }
        }

来看到处理client请求的unsafe.read方法,通过doReadBytes调用底层channel读取数据,最后调用pipeline.fireChannelRead让handler进行处理。

 @Override
        public final void read() {
            final ChannelConfig config = config();
            if (shouldBreakReadReady(config)) {
                clearReadPending();
                return;
            }
            final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
            final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator();
            final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = recvBufAllocHandle();
            allocHandle.reset(config);

            ByteBuf byteBuf = null;
            boolean close = false;
            try {
                do {
                    byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
                    allocHandle.lastBytesRead(doReadBytes(byteBuf));
                    if (allocHandle.lastBytesRead() <= 0) {
                        // nothing was read. release the buffer.
                        byteBuf.release();
                        byteBuf = null;
                        close = allocHandle.lastBytesRead() < 0;
                        if (close) {
                            // There is nothing left to read as we received an EOF.
                            readPending = false;
                        }
                        break;
                    }

                    allocHandle.incMessagesRead(1);
                    readPending = false;
                    pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf);
                    byteBuf = null;
                } while (allocHandle.continueReading());

                allocHandle.readComplete();
                pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();

                if (close) {
                    closeOnRead(pipeline);
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close, allocHandle);
            } finally {
                // Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet.
                // This could be for two reasons:
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method
                // * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method
                //
                // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254
                if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
                    removeReadOp();
                }
            }
        }
    }

 @Override
    protected int doReadBytes(ByteBuf byteBuf) throws Exception {
        final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
        allocHandle.attemptedBytesRead(byteBuf.writableBytes());
        return byteBuf.writeBytes(javaChannel(), allocHandle.attemptedBytesRead());
    }

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