3.排序检索数据

使用select语句的order by子句，对检索出的数据进行排序
一、排序数据
对prod_name 列以字母顺序排序数据
SELECT prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_name;

mysql> SELECT prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_name;
+----------------+
| prod_name      |
+----------------+
| .5 ton anvil   |
| 1 ton anvil    |
| 2 ton anvil    |
| Bird seed      |
| Carrots        |
| Detonator      |
| Fuses          |
| JetPack 1000   |
| JetPack 2000   |
| Oil can        |
| Safe           |
| Sling          |
| TNT (1 stick)  |
| TNT (5 sticks) |
+----------------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

二、按多个列排序
按多个列排序，只要指定列名，列名之间用逗号分开。
先按价格，再按名称排序
SELECT prod_id,prod_price,prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price,prod_name

mysql> SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price, prod_name;
+---------+------------+----------------+
| prod_id | prod_price | prod_name      |
+---------+------------+----------------+
| FC      |       2.50 | Carrots        |
| TNT1    |       2.50 | TNT (1 stick)  |
| FU1     |       3.42 | Fuses          |
| SLING   |       4.49 | Sling          |
| ANV01   |       5.99 | .5 ton anvil   |
| OL1     |       8.99 | Oil can        |
| ANV02   |       9.99 | 1 ton anvil    |
| FB      |      10.00 | Bird seed      |
| TNT2    |      10.00 | TNT (5 sticks) |
| DTNTR   |      13.00 | Detonator      |
| ANV03   |      14.99 | 2 ton anvil    |
| JP1000  |      35.00 | JetPack 1000   |
| SAFE    |      50.00 | Safe           |
| JP2000  |      55.00 | JetPack 2000   |
+---------+------------+----------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四、指定排序方向
默认的排序顺序是升序排序（从A到Z），关键字是ASC；降序排序（从Z到A），关键字是DESC

mysql> SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price DESC;
+---------+------------+----------------+
| prod_id | prod_price | prod_name      |
+---------+------------+----------------+
| JP2000  |      55.00 | JetPack 2000   |
| SAFE    |      50.00 | Safe           |
| JP1000  |      35.00 | JetPack 1000   |
| ANV03   |      14.99 | 2 ton anvil    |
| DTNTR   |      13.00 | Detonator      |
| FB      |      10.00 | Bird seed      |
| TNT2    |      10.00 | TNT (5 sticks) |
| ANV02   |       9.99 | 1 ton anvil    |
| OL1     |       8.99 | Oil can        |
| ANV01   |       5.99 | .5 ton anvil   |
| SLING   |       4.49 | Sling          |
| FU1     |       3.42 | Fuses          |
| FC      |       2.50 | Carrots        |
| TNT1    |       2.50 | TNT (1 stick)  |
+---------+------------+----------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

DESC关键字只应用到直接位于其前面的列名
对多个列排序，价格降序，名称升序

mysql> SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM products ORDER BY prod_price DESC, prod_name;
+---------+------------+----------------+
| prod_id | prod_price | prod_name      |
+---------+------------+----------------+
| JP2000  |      55.00 | JetPack 2000   |
| SAFE    |      50.00 | Safe           |
| JP1000  |      35.00 | JetPack 1000   |
| ANV03   |      14.99 | 2 ton anvil    |
| DTNTR   |      13.00 | Detonator      |
| FB      |      10.00 | Bird seed      |
| TNT2    |      10.00 | TNT (5 sticks) |
| ANV02   |       9.99 | 1 ton anvil    |
| OL1     |       8.99 | Oil can        |
| ANV01   |       5.99 | .5 ton anvil   |
| SLING   |       4.49 | Sling          |
| FU1     |       3.42 | Fuses          |
| FC      |       2.50 | Carrots        |
| TNT1    |       2.50 | TNT (1 stick)  |
+---------+------------+----------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

五、找出一个列中最高或最低的值
SELECT prod_price FROM products ORDER BY prod_price DESC LIMIT 1;

mysql> SELECT prod_price FROM products ORDER BY prod_price DESC LIMIT 1;
+------------+
| prod_price |
+------------+
|      55.00 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在MySQL中，A视为和a相同，顺序相同

子句：SQL语句由子句构成，有些子句是必需的，而有的是可选的。一个子句通常由一个关键字和所提供的数据组成。