The unheard story of David and Goliath
不为人所知的大卫和歌利亚故事
L7-U3-P3: David and Goliath 1
1
So I want to tell a story that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book.
所以我想和你们讲一个故事，我在写我的新书的时候沉迷其中。
obsess v. 使痴迷，使迷恋；使心神不宁，不停地困扰； 唠叨；挂牵，念念不忘
eg：After calling to my teacher, I was really obsessed, because I didn't write my paper well, maybe I couldn't get a good grade.
这本新书名叫《David and Goliath》（逆转）
2
It's a story of something that happened 3,000 years ago, when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.
这是一个3000年前的故事，在以色列王国初期的时候。
infancy n. 初期；婴儿期；幼年
eg：He's 25, just in his infancy of his business.
3
And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah in what is now Israel.
这个故事发生在一个叫Shephelah的地方，现在叫以色列。
and it读得非常轻，基本是无法听出来，得靠演讲者本人的气口猜出来。
4
And the reason the story obsessed me is that I thought I understood it,
这个故事吸引我的理由是我原以为我理解了它，
5
and then I went back over it and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.
然后我回顾了下它，然后意识到我完全没有理解它。
6
Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border, there's a mountain range. Still same is true of Israel today.
古代的巴勒斯坦，沿着它的东边国界，有一条山脉。和今天以色列的一样。
range [reɪndʒ] n. 范围；幅度；排；山脉
ridge [rɪdʒ] n. 山脊；山脉；屋脊
7
And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.
该地区所有的古城都在这条山脉中，有许多古代城市，如耶路撒冷、伯利恒、希伯伦。
Jerusalem n. 耶路撒冷（以色列首都）
Bethlehem n. 伯利恒（耶稣降生地）
Hebron n. 希伯伦（即哈利勒，位于耶路撒冷南约40公里的小镇）
8
And then there's a coastal plain along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.
沿着地中海有一个海岸平原，就是现在的特拉维夫市。
Mediterranean n. 地中海；adj. 地中海的
Tel Aviv n. 特拉维夫市（以色列港市）
9
And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain is an area called the Shephelah, which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,
连接这片山脉和海岸平原的是一片叫Shephelah的地区，这片地区就是由东到西一系列的山谷和山脊。
巴勒斯坦、以色列、特拉维夫、耶路撒冷地理方位
Shephelah就是这副场景
Shephelah地理方位
所以这片山脉现在是叫Judea Mountains
10
and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.
你可以沿着Shephelah，穿过Shephelah从海岸平原到这片山脉。
这里开头的and我一开始没听出来，仔细看了下视频，发现演讲者动了嘴型，但是未发出什么声来。
11
And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.
如果你去过以色列，你就会知道这是以色列景色最优美的地方。
12
It's gorgerous with forests of oak and wheat fields and vineyards.
那里很美，有橡树林、麦田以及葡萄园。
vineyard n. 葡萄园
13
But more importantly, though, in the history of that region, it's served, it's had a real strategic function,
但更重要的是，在历史上，那片区域很重要，它有很重要的战略作用。
在这里it's served = it served = it had
14
and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies on the coastal plain find their way, get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.
也就是说，这意味着，当在海岸平原的敌人军队发现了上这片上山的路，就会威胁到居住在山上的人。
hostile adj. 敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的
it is the means by which 这意味着
15
And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.
3000年前，这件事就是这样。
16
The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies of the Kingdom of Israel, are living in the coastal plain.
非利士人是以色列王国最大的敌人，就居住在这个海岸平原上。
Philistine n. 非利士人（古代巴勒斯坦南部非闪族人）
17
They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.
他们原本生活在克里特岛。他们是一个航海民族。
Crete n. （希腊）克里特岛
seafaring adj. 航海的；n. 航海业；海上航行
以色列和克里特岛的方位情况
18
And they may start to make their way through one of the valleys of the Shephelah up into the mountains,
他们可能开始穿过Shephelah中的一条山谷，走上山去。
19
because what they want to do is occupy the highland area right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.
因为他们想要占领伯利恒所在的高地然后把以色列王国一分为二。
20
And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul, obviously catches wind of this,
以扫罗王为首的以色列王国，明显听到了点风声。
King Saul 扫罗王
21
and Saul brings his army down from the mountains
Saul带着他的军队下山去
22
and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah, one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.
他在名叫Elah的山谷对抗菲力士人，这地方是Shephelah最漂亮的地方之一。
Elah
23
And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge, and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,
以色列人在北边挖地，非利士人在南边挖地，
dig in 掘壕固守
那时候打仗，尤其是有高低差的阵地战，最怕对方骑兵从高处俯冲下来给自己一个迎头痛击，为了避免这种情况，战士们就会在低处挖沟，以防骑兵以及敌方突袭。
24
and the two armies just sit there for weeks and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.
这两支军队就在那对峙了几周，因为他们陷入僵局了。
deadlocked adj. 僵持的；陷入僵局的
25
Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side you've got to come down the mountain into the valley and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.
任意一方都不会攻击另一方，因为攻击另一方，你就会下山到山谷，然后上到另一边，然后你就完全暴露了。
L7-U3-P3: David and Goliath 2
26
So finally, to break the deadlock, the Philistines send their mightiest warrior down into the valley floor,
所以最终，为了打破僵局，菲力士人派出了他们最强壮的武士走到谷底，
27
and he calls out and he says to the Israelites,
然后他大声朝以色列人叫道：
call out 唤起；出动；大声叫唤
28
"Send your mightiest warrior down, and we'll have this out, just the two of us."
“派出你们最强大的武士下来，我们一战定生死，就我们俩。”
have it out = have this out 一决雌雄；（同某人）讲个明白
eg：I'm still unable to understand this difficult question, could you please have this out for me?
29
This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.
这在古代战争中是一个传统，名叫单挑。
30
It was a way of settling disputes without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.
这是一种解决争端的方式，不会导致大战的血流成河。
incur v. 招致，遭受；引致，带来……
bloodshed n. 流血；杀戮
shed vt. 流出；摆脱；散发；倾吐
eg：If you used too many campus loan, it may incur severe debt.
31
And the Philistine who is sent down, their mighty warrior, is a giant.
被派下来的这个菲力士人 -- 他们最强大的武士 -- 是一个巨人。
32
He's 6 foot 9.
他身高6英尺9英寸
一英尺=0.3048米=12英寸
一英寸=2.54厘米
所以6英尺9英寸=6x0.3048+9x2.54/100=2.0574米
33
He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,
他全副武装，一身闪耀的青铜盔甲。
outfit n. 机构；用具；全套装备；vt. 配备；供应
toe n. 脚趾；足尖
glittering adj. 闪闪发光的；辉煌的，显赫的；盛大的，华丽的
bronze adj. 青铜色的；青铜制的
armor n. 盔甲；装甲，防弹钢板；
大概就这么一副武装
34
and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.
他带着一把剑，一支标枪，一个长矛。恐怖如斯。
javelin n. 标枪，投枪
spear n. 矛，枪
35
And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.
没有哪个以色列士兵想要对战恐怖如斯的他。
36
It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.
这是必死的，对吗？他们不认为自己能战胜他。
37
And finally the only person who will come forward is this young shepherd boy,
最后，唯一愿意站出来的就是这个小牧童，
38
and he goes up to Saul, he says, "I'll fight him."
他走向Saul，道：“我来干他。”
39
Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous. You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."
Saul道：“你不能上，这太荒谬了。你只是个小孩，他是个强悍的战士。”
40
But the shepherd is adamant.
但是这个牧童坚持要上。
adamant adj. 固执的，坚强的；坚定不移的；坚硬无比的
41
He says, "No, no, no, you don't understand, I have been defending my flock against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."
他说道：“不不不，你不明白，我为了保护我的羊群，与狮子和狼战斗了多年。我认为我能做到。”
flock n. 群；棉束（等于floc）；羊群
野区刷了太久，即将对线战士。
42
And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.
Saul也没别的选择了。他找不到其他愿意站出来的人了。
43
So he says, "All right."
所以他说：“好吧。”
44
then turns to the kid, and he says, "But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."
然后他转向这个小孩，说道：“但是你需要穿上这身盔甲。你不能就这么上。”
前面Saul显然没把这个小孩的请愿当回事，所以他说all right的时候应该还在回看四周，看有没有别的请愿的士兵，发现没有后，才面向小孩，说了这番话。
45
So he tries to give the shepherd his armor, and the shepherd says, "No."
所以他试图给这个牧童他自己的盔甲，而这个牧童说：“不了。”
46
He says, "I can't wear this stuff."
他说：“我不能穿这个东西。”
47
The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it," meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."
《圣经》这一段说道：“君子不立危墙之下，”意思是：“我之前没穿过盔甲。（现在让我穿）你一定是疯了。”
Biblical adj. 圣经的；依据圣经的（等于biblical）
verse n. 诗，诗篇；韵文；诗节
我之前打野都不出肉，现在对线让我出？
48
So he reaches down instead on the ground and picks up five stones and puts them in his shepherd's bag and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.
然而他却把手伸到地上，捡了5个石子儿，把他们放在他的牧羊袋里，然后开始沿着山坡走下去，去会一会这个巨人。
这里的down是沿着的意思，不是向下，这里是表示牧童从山顶沿着靠下的山坡然后走到谷底，去会一会Goliath。
shepherd's bag是用来装水、食物、石子儿的。
shepherd's bag大致就是这样
49
And the giant sees this figure approaching, and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."
这个巨人看见这个人影靠近，大叫道：“搁近点儿，我要把你的肉喂给天上的鸟和地里的野兽。”
50
He issues this kind of taunt towards this person coming to fight him.
他对这个和他对战的人这样嘲讽到。
taunt v. 奚落，逗弄；n. 嘲弄（话），讥讽（话）
51
And the shepherd draws closer and closer, and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff. That's all he's carrying.
这个牧童越靠越近，这个巨人看到他带着一个棒子。这就是他带的所有东西。
52
Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff, and he says -- he's insulted -- "Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"
不是什么武器，而是这个牧童的棍子，然后他说道 -- 感到自己被侮辱了：“我是个狗吗，你就给我带了几个棍子？”
53
And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones out of his pocket, puts it in his sling and rolls it around and lets it fly
然后这个牧童从袋子里拿出其中的一个石子儿，放到投石绳上，然后转起来，让它飞出去。
sling n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷
sling就是这样的武器
54
and it hits the giant right between the eyes -- right here, in his most vulnerable spot
然后它正中这个巨人两眼之间的地方 -- 就在这，在他最脆弱的地方
55
and he falls down either dead or unconscious,
然后他倒下，昏死过去，
56
and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword and cuts off his head,
然后这个牧童跑过去，拿起他的剑，看下了他的头，
57
and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.
然后菲力士人看到这一幕，转头就跑了。
58
And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath and the name of the shepherd boy is David,
当然，这个巨人的名字就是Goliath，这个牧童的名字就是David，
59
and the reason that story has obsessed me over the course of writing my book is that everything I thought I knew about that story turned out to be wrong.
在我写我书的时候，这个故事吸引我的原因是，所有我认为我知道的事最后发现全是错的。
L7-U3-P3: David and Goliath 3
60
So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?
所以在那个故事中，David是不被看好的，对吗？
underdog n. 比赛中不被看好者；失败者；受压迫者；斗败了的狗；黑马；弱旅
eg：In workplace, women have been supposed to be the underdog because of maternity leave and less strong build, right?
61
In fact, that term, David and Goliath, has entered our language as a metaphor for improbable victories by some weak party over someone far stronger.
事实上，David and Goliath这个词已经进入语言，成为一个以弱胜强、大逆风战役的比喻。
metaphor n. 暗喻，隐喻；比喻说法
eg：This process of working has entered our standard workflow for communicating by our company's stuff over our potential clients.
62
Now why do we call David an underdog?
为啥我们不看好David？
63
Well, we call him an underdog because he is a kid, a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.
我们不好看他因为他是个小孩，而Goliath是个庞然大物。
64
We also call him an underdog because Goliath is an experienced warrior, and David is just a shepherd.
我们不看好他还因为Goliath是个经验丰富的战士，而David只是个牧童。
65
But most importantly, we call him an underdog because all he has is --
但最重要的是，我们不看好他因为他只有 --
66
is that Goliath is outfitted with all of this modern weaponry, this glittering coat of armor and a sword and a javelin and a spear,
Goliath身穿现代化装备，这个闪闪发光的盔甲，一把剑，一个标枪和一个长矛，
67
and all David has is this sling.
David只有这个投石绳。
68
Let's start there with the phrase "All David has is this sling," because that's the first mistake that we make.
我们从这句话开始：David只有这个投石绳，因为我们犯的第一个错误。
69
In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.
在古代战争中，有3种类型的战士。
70
There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.
有骑兵，骑在马背上以及在二轮战车上的。
骑兵有2种，单独骑马的和两只马拉个车，人站在车上的。
cavalry [ˈkævlri] n. 骑兵；装甲兵；装甲部队
chariot [ˈtʃæriət] n. 二轮战车
cavalry on horseback
cavalry with charitos
71
There is heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers, armed foot soldiers with swords and shields and some kind of armor.
有重型步兵，就是步行士兵，配有剑、盾和一些类型盔甲的武装型步行士兵。
infantry n. 步兵；步兵团
72
And there's artillery, and artillery are archers, but, more importantly, slingers.
有炮兵，炮兵就是弓箭手，但，更重要的是，投石手。
artillery n. 火炮；大炮；炮队；炮术；炮兵
archer n. 弓箭手
arch n. 弓形，拱形；拱门；adj. 主要的
73
And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch with two long cords attached to it,
投石手有一个皮革小袋，上面附有2跟长绳。
pouch n. 小袋；育儿袋；烟草袋
cord n. 绳索；束缚
投石手的武器
74
and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball, inside the pouch,
他们把一个石头或是一个铅球这样的抛射物，放入到这个袋子中，
projectile n. 炮弹；抛射体；自动推进武器
lead n. 领导；铅；导线；榜样
75
and they whirl it around like this and they let one of the cords go,
然后他们像这样转它，然后让其中一个绳子飞出去。
这个视频详细展示了投石手的操作方式
76
and the effect is to send the projectile forward towards its target.
作用就是让投掷物抵达目标。
77
That's what David has, and it's important to understand that that sling is not a slingshot.
这就是David的武器，要知道，那个投石绳不是一个弹弓，这很重要。
slingshot n. 弹弓
弹弓是靠橡皮绳的弹性收缩来发力的，威力远不如这个。
78
It's not this, right?
这不是个弹弓，对吗？
演讲者在这里比划了一下弹弓。
79
It's not a child's toy.
这不是一个小孩的玩具。
80
It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.
事实上这是一个大杀器。
devastating adj. 毁灭性的；全然的
81
When David rolls it around like this, he's turning the sling around probably at six or seven revolutions per second,
当David像这样转动它的时候，投石绳大概每秒转6或7圈。
82
And that means that when the ball is, when the rocket is realised, it's going forward really fast, probably at 35 meters per second.
这意味着当这个球发射的时候，速度很快，大致为35米每秒。
rocket在这里是形容球的，像火箭一样发射出去。
这个牧童大致身高1.5米，绳子估计就1米，根据圆周运动公式，线速度V=2πr/T，r为圆周半径，此处为绳子长，即1米；T为周期，也就是转一圈的时间，所以T=1/6或1/7，代入数据可得V=37.68米/秒 或 43.96米/秒
83
That's substantially faster than a baseball thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.
这甚至比最好的棒球投球手投出的棒球还要快。
substantially adv. 实质上；大体上；充分地
pitcher n. 投手；大水罐
84
More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah were not normal rocks.
除此之外，Elah山谷的石头也不是普通石头。
85
They were barium sulphate, which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.
它们是硫酸钡，密度是普通石头的两倍。
barium n. [化学] 钡（一种化学元素）
sulphate n. 硫酸盐
硫酸钡密度在4.25-4.5，普通石头为2.65，普通石头主要成为为二氧化硅。
86
If you do the calculations on the ballistics, on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling, it's roughly equal to the stopping power of a .45 caliber handgun.
如果你进行发射学计算，David发射出这个石头时的能量，大约等于一个45口径手枪发射子弹的能量。
ballistics n. 发射学，弹道学
caliber n. [军] 口径；才干；水准（等于calibre）；器量
这里的stopping power应该是指子弹或石头发射出那一瞬间的动量
P=mv
假设David所用石头为一个乒乓球大小，则其体积为33.5立方厘米，所以乘上硫酸钡的密度，即4.25，得知，这个石头的质量大约为142克，所以，其发射时动量为142/1000x35=4.97kg·m/s
而一个45口径手枪子弹的重量大约为14.9克，发射时的速度为300米/秒，所以其发射时动量为14.9/1000x300=4.47kg·m/s
关于45口径手枪的介绍
87
This is an incredibly devastating weapon.
这是个大杀器。
88
Accuracy, we know from historical records that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.
再精确一点，我们从历史记录中得知，有经验的投石手能够在200码外击中、打残甚至击杀一个目标。
maim vt. 使残废
at distances of up 中的of我认为可有可无
一码等于0.9144米
89
From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers were capable of hitting birds in flight.
从古代挂毯中，我们知道投石手能够打中飞着的鸟。
medieval adj. 中世纪的；原始的；仿中世纪的；老式的
tapestry n. 织锦；挂毯；绣帷
90
They were incredibly accurate.
他们相当准。
91
When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath, he's quite close to Goliath --
当David来的时候 -- 他离Goliath没有200码远，他距离Goliath很近 --
92
when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath, he has every intention and every expectation of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot between his eyes.
当他上前向Goliath发射石头的时候，他万分确定能够集中Goliath两眼间最脆弱的地方。
he has every intention and every expectation of 等同于“胸有成竹”
93
If you go back over the history of anicent warfare, you will find time and time again that slingers were the decisive factor against the infantry, in one kind of battle (against the heavy infantry in one kind of battle) or another.
如果你回顾古代战争历史，你会一次次发现，投石手是针对不同类型战争中重型步兵的决定性因素。
射手很重要，尤其是打肉，嗯。
94
So what's Goliath?
Goliath是什么来着？
95
He's heavy infantry,
他是重型步兵，
96
and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.
他以为当他与以色列人决斗时，他是和另一个重型步兵男决斗。
duel n. 决斗；斗争，抗争
你有你的计划，世界另有计划，哈哈。
97
What he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field," the key phrase is "Come to me."
他说：“靠近点，我要把你的肉喂给天上的鸟和地里的野兽。” 重点是“靠近我”。
98
Come up to me because we're going to fight, hand to hand, like this.
靠近我，因为我们要像这样，近身肉搏。
hand to hand 近身肉搏
99
Saul has the same expectation.
Saul也是这么想的。
100
David says, "I want to fight Goliath," and Saul tries to give him his armor, because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,' you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,' infantry on infantry."
David说：“我要去干Goliath”，Saul试图把自己的盔甲给他，因为Saul在想：“你说’干Goliath‘，你的意思是‘和他近身肉搏’，步兵对步兵。”
101
But David has absolutely no expectation, no.
但是David完全不是这么想的。
102
He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?
他不打算这么干他。为什么呢？
103
He's a shepherd.
他是个牧羊人。
104
He's spent his entire career using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.
他一生都在使用投石绳对战狮子和狼，以保护自己的羊群。
105
That's where his strength lies.
这是他的优势所在。
106
So here he is, this shepherd, experienced in the use of a devastating weapon, up against this lumbering giant weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor.
所以能熟练使用这个杀器的这个牧童，面对这个身披百磅重盔甲的笨拙巨人
lumbering adj. 笨拙的；动作迟缓的
一磅=0.9071847斤
107
And these incredibly heavy weapons that are useful only in short-range combat.
而那些很重的武器只在近战有用。
108
Goliath is a sitting duck.
Goliath是个活靶子。
sitting duck n. 易被击中的目标；易被欺骗的对象
109
He doesn't have a chance.
他没有机会。
这句听起来很像He's never have a chance
110
So why do we keep calling David an underdog, and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?
所以为什么我们一直不看好David，以及为什么我们一直认为他的胜利不可能？
L7-U3-P3: David and Goliath 4
111
There's a second piece of this that's important.
还有第二个重要的点。
112
It's not just that we misunderstand David and his choice of weaponry.
我们不仅误解了David和他对武器的选择。
113
It's also that we profundly misunderstand Goliath.
我们也极大地误解了Goliath。
114
Goliath is not what he seems to be.
Goliath不像他看上去的那样。
115
There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text, things that are in retrospect, are quite puzzling and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.
在《圣经》文本中，关于这点有各种暗示，回看一下这些暗示，发现这非常令人困惑，这与他强大战士的形象不符。
retrospect n. 回顾，追溯；vt. 回顾；追忆
square with 与 ... 协调或一致；付清账款；商量；与...成直角
eg：Don't worry, I will be square with you for sloving the difficult problem.
116
So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.
一开始，圣经上面就说Goliath由一名随从带到谷底。
117
Now that is weird, right?
现在看来，这有点奇怪，对吗？
118
Here is this mighty warrior, going challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.
这个强大的战士，要一对一近身挑战以色列人。
119
Why is he being led by the hand, by some, you know, young boy, presumably, to the point of combat.
为啥他被一个小男孩牵着带到对决点呢？
120
Secondly, the Bible story makes special note of how slowly Goliath moves, another odd thing to say when you're describing the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.
其次，这个圣经故事中特别说明了Goliath行走得很慢，这样描述一个广为人知的最强战士，这又是一件奇怪的事情。
121
And then there's this whole weird thing about how long it takes Goliath to react to the sight of David.
Goliath过了很久才看到David，这整件事都很奇怪。
122
So David's coming down the mountain, and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.
所以David走下山去，他明显没准备和他近身肉搏。
123
There's nothing about him that says, "I am about to fight you like this."
他从未说过：“我要这么干你。”
124
He's not even carrying a sword.
他甚至没带把剑。
125
Why does Goliath not react to that?
为啥Goliath对此毫无反应？
Goliath一直在强调让对方靠近自己，从未发现对方连个武器都没带。
126
It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.
就如同他完全未察觉到那天发生的事。
oblivious adj. 遗忘的；健忘的；不注意的；不知道的
127
And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:
他对David的做了个奇怪的评论：
128
"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
“我是个狗吗，你就给我带了几个棍子？”
129
Sticks? David only has one stick.
几个棍子？David只有一个棍子。
130
Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal of speculation within the medical community over the years about whether there is something fundamentally wrong with Goliath,
过去这些年，医疗界有很多的推测，关于Goliath是否身体有恙。
131
an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.
这试图去解释所有明显的异常现象。
anomaly n. 异常；不规则；反常事物
132
There have been many articles written.The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,
关于这个有许多的文章。第一个是在1960年印第安纳州医学杂志上。
133
and it started a chain of speculation that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.
这引发了一系列的猜测，首先是对歌利亚身高的解释。
134
So Goliath is head and shoulders above all of his peers in that era,
在那个年代，Goliath身高远高于同类。
head and shoulders above adv. 远远超出；大大胜过
eg：He's so smart and diligent, I think he's head and shoulders above most people in the era.
135
and usually when someone is that far out of the norm, there's an explanation for it.
通常当某人远超正常范围的时候，就会出现一个解释。
norm n. 标准，规范
136
So the most common form of giantism is a condition called acromegaly,
最常见的巨人症是肢端肥大症，
acromegaly n. [内科] 肢端肥大症
137
and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor on your pituitary gland that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.
肢端肥大症是由垂体腺上一个良性肿瘤引起的，会导致人们生长激素的过度分泌。
benign adj. 良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的
pituitary n. （脑）垂体；adj. 脑垂体的；脑垂体分泌失调引起的
gland n. 腺
138
And throughout history, many of the most famous giants have all had acromegaly.
纵观历史，许多著名的巨人都有肢端肥大症。
139
So the tallest person of all time was a guy named Robert Wadlow who was still growing when he died at the age of 24 and he was 8 foot 11.
历史上最高的人名叫Robert Wadlow，在他24岁死亡前依然在长高，他身高8英尺11英寸。
Robert Wadlow是22岁死亡的，不是24岁，死时身高约2.7米
Robert Wadlow
140
He had acromegaly.
他有肢端肥大症。
141
Do you remember the wrestler Robert Wadlow?
你还记得这个巨人摔跤手André吗？
wrestler n. 摔跤选手，搏斗者
André the Giant维基百科内容
André the Giant
André的维基百科含义
142
Famous. He had acromegaly.
他是著名的肢端肥大症患者。
143
There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.
甚至有猜测说Abraham Lincoln有肢端肥大症。
Abraham Lincoln为美国第16任总统。
144
Anyone who's unusually tall, that's the first explanation we come up with.
当某人不同寻常的高，我们第一想到的解释就是这个。
145
And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects associated with it, principally having to do with vision.
肢端肥大症有一系列非常特殊的副作用，主要与视觉有关。
a set of 一系列
have to do with 与...有关
eg：I've bought a set of books, principally having to do with psychology。
146
The pituitary tumor, as it grows, often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain, with the result that people with acromegaly have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.
在这个脑垂体肿瘤生长时，通常会挤压你脑中的视觉神经，结果是肢端肥大症的人要么复视要么近视很严重。
147
So when people have started to speculate about what might have been wrong with Goliath, they've said, "Wait a minute, he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone who has acromegaly."
所以当人们开始推测Goliath有什么隐疾的时候，他们会说：“等一下，他的言行举止有点像患有肢端肥大症的人。”
148
And that would also explain so much of what was strange about his behavior that day.
这也解释了为什么他那天的行为那么奇怪。
149
Why does he move so slowly and have to be escorted down into the valley floor by an attendant?
为什么他行动如此缓慢，不得不由一个随从带到谷底？
150
Because he can't make his way on his own.
因为他自己搞不定这事。
151
Why is he so strangely oblivious to David that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him until the very last moment?
很奇怪为什么他对David毫无察觉，直到最后一刻他都没搞清楚David不准备和他近战？
152
Because he can't see him.
因为他看不见他。
153
What he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field," the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.
他说：“搁近点儿，我要把你的肉喂给天上的鸟和地里的野兽。”这句“搁近点儿”也是他弱点的一个暗示。
154
Come to me because I can't see you.
靠近我，因为我看不见你。
155
And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
还有“我是个狗吗，你就给我整几个棍子？”
156
He sees two sticks when David has only one.
他看见了两根棍子，而David只有一个。
157
So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge looking down on him thought he was this extraordinarily powerful foe.
所以以色列人爬上了山脊，向下看他，认为他是个劲敌。
foe n. 敌人；反对者；危害物
158
What they didn't understand was that the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength was also the source of his greatest weakness.
他们不明白的是，他表面上的力量来源恰恰也是他最大弱点的来源。
159
And there is, I think, in that, a very important lesson for all of us.
我认为，这对于我们所有人都是非常重要的一课。
160
Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.
巨人不像他们看上去的那样强壮和强大。
161
And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.
有时，这个牧童口袋里放了个投石绳。
《圣经》中这一段的原文如下：
David and Goliath
Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Sokoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Sokoh and Azekah. Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them.
A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. His height was six cubits and a span.[a] He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels[b]; on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back. His spear shaft was like a weaver’s rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels.[c] His shield bearer went ahead of him.
Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and have him come down to me. If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us.” Then the Philistine said, “This day I defy the armies of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other.” On hearing the Philistine’s words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.
Now David was the son of an Ephrathite named Jesse, who was from Bethlehem in Judah. Jesse had eight sons, and in Saul’s time he was very old. Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the third, Shammah. David was the youngest. The three oldest followed Saul, but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.
For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand.
Now Jesse said to his son David, “Take this ephah[d] of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance[e] from them. They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines.”
Early in the morning David left the flock in the care of a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and asked his brothers how they were. As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it. Whenever the Israelites saw the man, they all fled from him in great fear.
Now the Israelites had been saying, “Do you see how this man keeps coming out? He comes out to defy Israel. The king will give great wealth to the man who kills him. He will also give him his daughter in marriage and will exempt his family from taxes in Israel.”
David asked the men standing near him, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?”
They repeated to him what they had been saying and told him, “This is what will be done for the man who kills him.”
When Eliab, David’s oldest brother, heard him speaking with the men, he burned with anger at him and asked, “Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the wilderness? I know how conceited you are and how wicked your heart is; you came down only to watch the battle.”
“Now what have I done?” said David. “Can’t I even speak?” He then turned away to someone else and brought up the same matter, and the men answered him as before. What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, and Saul sent for him.
David said to Saul, “Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him.”
Saul replied, “You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a young man, and he has been a warrior from his youth.”
But David said to Saul, “Your servant has been keeping his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it. Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God. The Lord who rescued me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will rescue me from the hand of this Philistine.”
Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord be with you.”
Then Saul dressed David in his own tunic. He put a coat of armor on him and a bronze helmet on his head. David fastened on his sword over the tunic and tried walking around, because he was not used to them.
“I cannot go in these,” he said to Saul, “because I am not used to them.” So he took them off. Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd’s bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine.
Meanwhile, the Philistine, with his shield bearer in front of him, kept coming closer to David. He looked David over and saw that he was little more than a boy, glowing with health and handsome, and he despised him. He said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. “Come here,” he said, “and I’ll give your flesh to the birds and the wild animals!”
David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. This day the Lord will deliver you into my hands, and I’ll strike you down and cut off your head. This very day I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds and the wild animals, and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give all of you into our hands.”
As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. 49 Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground.
So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him.
David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine’s sword and drew it from the sheath. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword.
When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran. Then the men of Israel and Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath[f] and to the gates of Ekron. Their dead were strewn along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron.When the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistines, they plundered their camp.
David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem; he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent.
As Saul watched David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, commander of the army, “Abner, whose son is that young man?”
Abner replied, “As surely as you live, Your Majesty, I don’t know.”
The king said, “Find out whose son this young man is.”
As soon as David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with David still holding the Philistine’s head.
“Whose son are you, young man?” Saul asked him.
David said, “I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem.”