679 24 Game 24 点游戏
Description:
You are given an integer array cards of length 4. You have four cards, each containing a number in the range [1, 9]. You should arrange the numbers on these cards in a mathematical expression using the operators ['+', '-', '*', '/'] and the parentheses '(' and ')' to get the value 24.
You are restricted with the following rules:
The division operator '/' represents real division, not integer division.
For example, 4 / (1 - 2 / 3) = 4 / (1 / 3) = 12.
Every operation done is between two numbers. In particular, we cannot use '-' as a unary operator.
For example, if cards = [1, 1, 1, 1], the expression "-1 - 1 - 1 - 1" is not allowed.
You cannot concatenate numbers together
For example, if cards = [1, 2, 1, 2], the expression "12 + 12" is not valid.
Return true if you can get such expression that evaluates to 24, and false otherwise.
Example:
Example 1:
Input: cards = [4,1,8,7]
Output: true
Explanation: (8-4) * (7-1) = 24
Example 2:
Input: cards = [1,2,1,2]
Output: false
Constraints:
cards.length == 4
1 <= cards[i] <= 9
题目描述:
你有 4 张写有 1 到 9 数字的牌。你需要判断是否能通过 *，/，+，-，(，) 的运算得到 24。
示例 :
示例 1:
输入: [4, 1, 8, 7]
输出: True
解释: (8-4) * (7-1) = 24
示例 2:
输入: [1, 2, 1, 2]
输出: False
注意:
除法运算符 / 表示实数除法，而不是整数除法。例如 4 / (1 - 2/3) = 12 。
每个运算符对两个数进行运算。特别是我们不能用 - 作为一元运算符。例如，[1, 1, 1, 1] 作为输入时，表达式 -1 - 1 - 1 - 1 是不允许的。
你不能将数字连接在一起。例如，输入为 [1, 2, 1, 2] 时，不能写成 12 + 12 。
思路:
回溯法
首先考虑 2 个数, 一共有 8 种组合方式, 因为乘法和加法满足结合律, 所以有 6 种不同的组合, 另外除法注意不能除 0
在最后得到是否为 24 时, 由于使用的是 double 的计算类型, 只能用做差法和一个小数比较大小判断不能用 "==", 判断 0 也是一样
每次选择 2 个数, 遍历两个数的计算结果, 加入到原列表, 可以减少一个数, 最后数组里只剩下一个数时, 比较这个数和 24 的大小
因为只要有一条路径能到 24 就可以, 直接返回 true
遍历完成仍然没找到才返回 false
时间复杂度 O(1), 空间复杂度 O(1), 因为只有 4 个数, 最多需要搜索 9216(12 * 4 * 6 * 4 * 4) 种可能
考虑到输入一个长度为 n 的数组, 时间复杂度为 O(n ^ 2 ^ (n - 1) * 4 ^ n), 空间复杂度为 O(n ^ (n - 1))
代码:
C++:
class Solution
{
public:
bool judgePoint24(vector& cards)
{
vector nums{ (double)cards[0], (double)cards[1], (double)cards[2], (double)cards[3] };
return helper(nums);
}
private:
const double TARGET = 24.0;
const double EPISLON = 1e-6;
bool helper(vector& nums)
{
if (nums.size() == 1) return abs(nums.back() - TARGET) < EPISLON;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++)
{
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.size(); j++)
{
vector next(nums.size() - 1);
for (int k = 0, pos = 0; k < nums.size(); k++) if (k != i and k != j) next[pos++] = nums[k];
for (const double &num : calculate(nums[i], nums[j]))
{
next.back() = num;
if (helper(next)) return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
vector calculate(double a, double b)
{
vector result;
result.emplace_back(a + b);
result.emplace_back(a - b);
result.emplace_back(b - a);
result.emplace_back(a * b);
if (!(abs(b) < EPISLON)) result.emplace_back(a / b);
if (!(abs(a) < EPISLON)) result.emplace_back(b / a);
return result;
}
};
Java:
class Solution {
private static final double TARGET = 24;
private static final double EPISLON = 1e-6;
public boolean judgePoint24(int[] cards) {
return helper(new double[]{ cards[0], cards[1], cards[2], cards[3] });
}
private boolean helper(double[] nums) {
if (nums.length == 1) return Math.abs(nums[0] - TARGET) < EPISLON;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length; j++) {
double[] next = new double[nums.length - 1];
for (int k = 0, pos = 0; k < nums.length; k++) if (k != i && k != j) next[pos++] = nums[k];
for (double num : calculate(nums[i], nums[j])) {
next[next.length - 1] = num;
if (helper(next)) return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
private List calculate(double a, double b) {
List list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add(a + b);
list.add(a - b);
list.add(b - a);
list.add(a * b);
if (!(Math.abs(b) < EPISLON)) list.add(a / b);
if (!(Math.abs(a) < EPISLON)) list.add(b / a);
return list;
}
}
Python:
class Solution:
def judgePoint24(self, nums: List[int]) -> bool:
return sorted(nums) in [[1, 1, 1, 8], [1, 1, 2, 6], [1, 1, 2, 7], [1, 1, 2, 8], [1, 1, 2, 9], [1, 1, 3, 4], [1, 1, 3, 5], [1, 1, 3, 6], [1, 1, 3, 7], [1, 1, 3, 8], [1, 1, 3, 9], [1, 1, 4, 4], [1, 1, 4, 5], [1, 1, 4, 6], [1, 1, 4, 7], [1, 1, 4, 8], [1, 1, 4, 9], [1, 1, 5, 5], [1, 1, 5, 6], [1, 1, 5, 7], [1, 1, 5, 8], [1, 1, 6, 6], [1, 1, 6, 8], [1, 1, 6, 9], [1, 1, 8, 8], [1, 2, 2, 4], [1, 2, 2, 5], [1, 2, 2, 6], [1, 2, 2, 7], [1, 2, 2, 8], [1, 2, 2, 9], [1, 2, 3, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 5], [1, 2, 3, 6], [1, 2, 3, 7], [1, 2, 3, 8], [1, 2, 3, 9], [1, 2, 4, 4], [1, 2, 4, 5], [1, 2, 4, 6], [1, 2, 4, 7], [1, 2, 4, 8], [1, 2, 4, 9], [1, 2, 5, 5], [1, 2, 5, 6], [1, 2, 5, 7], [1, 2, 5, 8], [1, 2, 5, 9], [1, 2, 6, 6], [1, 2, 6, 7], [1, 2, 6, 8], [1, 2, 6, 9], [1, 2, 7, 7], [1, 2, 7, 8], [1, 2, 7, 9], [1, 2, 8, 8], [1, 2, 8, 9], [1, 3, 3, 3], [1, 3, 3, 4], [1, 3, 3, 5], [1, 3, 3, 6], [1, 3, 3, 7], [1, 3, 3, 8], [1, 3, 3, 9], [1, 3, 4, 4], [1, 3, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4, 6], [1, 3, 4, 7], [1, 3, 4, 8], [1, 3, 4, 9], [1, 3, 5, 6], [1, 3, 5, 7], [1, 3, 5, 8], [1, 3, 5, 9], [1, 3, 6, 6], [1, 3, 6, 7], [1, 3, 6, 8], [1, 3, 6, 9], [1, 3, 7, 7], [1, 3, 7, 8], [1, 3, 7, 9], [1, 3, 8, 8], [1, 3, 8, 9], [1, 3, 9, 9], [1, 4, 4, 4], [1, 4, 4, 5], [1, 4, 4, 6], [1, 4, 4, 7], [1, 4, 4, 8], [1, 4, 4, 9], [1, 4, 5, 5], [1, 4, 5, 6], [1, 4, 5, 7], [1, 4, 5, 8], [1, 4, 5, 9], [1, 4, 6, 6], [1, 4, 6, 7], [1, 4, 6, 8], [1, 4, 6, 9], [1, 4, 7, 7], [1, 4, 7, 8], [1, 4, 7, 9], [1, 4, 8, 8], [1, 4, 8, 9], [1, 5, 5, 5], [1, 5, 5, 6], [1, 5, 5, 9], [1, 5, 6, 6], [1, 5, 6, 7], [1, 5, 6, 8], [1, 5, 6, 9], [1, 5, 7, 8], [1, 5, 7, 9], [1, 5, 8, 8], [1, 5, 8, 9], [1, 5, 9, 9], [1, 6, 6, 6], [1, 6, 6, 8], [1, 6, 6, 9], [1, 6, 7, 9], [1, 6, 8, 8], [1, 6, 8, 9], [1, 6, 9, 9], [1, 7, 7, 9], [1, 7, 8, 8], [1, 7, 8, 9], [1, 7, 9, 9], [1, 8, 8, 8], [1, 8, 8, 9], [2, 2, 2, 3], [2, 2, 2, 4], [2, 2, 2, 5], [2, 2, 2, 7], [2, 2, 2, 8], [2, 2, 2, 9], [2, 2, 3, 3], [2, 2, 3, 4], [2, 2, 3, 5], [2, 2, 3, 6], [2, 2, 3, 7], [2, 2, 3, 8], [2, 2, 3, 9], [2, 2, 4, 4], [2, 2, 4, 5], [2, 2, 4, 6], [2, 2, 4, 7], [2, 2, 4, 8], [2, 2, 4, 9], [2, 2, 5, 5], [2, 2, 5, 6], [2, 2, 5, 7], [2, 2, 5, 8], [2, 2, 5, 9], [2, 2, 6, 6], [2, 2, 6, 7], [2, 2, 6, 8], [2, 2, 6, 9], [2, 2, 7, 7], [2, 2, 7, 8], [2, 2, 8, 8], [2, 2, 8, 9], [2, 3, 3, 3], [2, 3, 3, 5], [2, 3, 3, 6], [2, 3, 3, 7], [2, 3, 3, 8], [2, 3, 3, 9], [2, 3, 4, 4], [2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 6], [2, 3, 4, 7], [2, 3, 4, 8], [2, 3, 4, 9], [2, 3, 5, 5], [2, 3, 5, 6], [2, 3, 5, 7], [2, 3, 5, 8], [2, 3, 5, 9], [2, 3, 6, 6], [2, 3, 6, 7], [2, 3, 6, 8], [2, 3, 6, 9], [2, 3, 7, 7], [2, 3, 7, 8], [2, 3, 7, 9], [2, 3, 8, 8], [2, 3, 8, 9], [2, 3, 9, 9], [2, 4, 4, 4], [2, 4, 4, 5], [2, 4, 4, 6], [2, 4, 4, 7], [2, 4, 4, 8], [2, 4, 4, 9], [2, 4, 5, 5], [2, 4, 5, 6], [2, 4, 5, 7], [2, 4, 5, 8], [2, 4, 5, 9], [2, 4, 6, 6], [2, 4, 6, 7], [2, 4, 6, 8], [2, 4, 6, 9], [2, 4, 7, 7], [2, 4, 7, 8], [2, 4, 7, 9], [2, 4, 8, 8], [2, 4, 8, 9], [2, 4, 9, 9], [2, 5, 5, 7], [2, 5, 5, 8], [2, 5, 5, 9], [2, 5, 6, 6], [2, 5, 6, 7], [2, 5, 6, 8], [2, 5, 6, 9], [2, 5, 7, 7], [2, 5, 7, 8], [2, 5, 7, 9], [2, 5, 8, 8], [2, 5, 8, 9], [2, 6, 6, 6], [2, 6, 6, 7], [2, 6, 6, 8], [2, 6, 6, 9], [2, 6, 7, 8], [2, 6, 7, 9], [2, 6, 8, 8], [2, 6, 8, 9], [2, 6, 9, 9], [2, 7, 7, 8], [2, 7, 8, 8], [2, 7, 8, 9], [2, 8, 8, 8], [2, 8, 8, 9], [2, 8, 9, 9], [3, 3, 3, 3], [3, 3, 3, 4], [3, 3, 3, 5], [3, 3, 3, 6], [3, 3, 3, 7], [3, 3, 3, 8], [3, 3, 3, 9], [3, 3, 4, 4], [3, 3, 4, 5], [3, 3, 4, 6], [3, 3, 4, 7], [3, 3, 4, 8], [3, 3, 4, 9], [3, 3, 5, 5], [3, 3, 5, 6], [3, 3, 5, 7], [3, 3, 5, 9], [3, 3, 6, 6], [3, 3, 6, 7], [3, 3, 6, 8], [3, 3, 6, 9], [3, 3, 7, 7], [3, 3, 7, 8], [3, 3, 7, 9], [3, 3, 8, 8], [3, 3, 8, 9], [3, 3, 9, 9], [3, 4, 4, 4], [3, 4, 4, 5], [3, 4, 4, 6], [3, 4, 4, 7], [3, 4, 4, 8], [3, 4, 4, 9], [3, 4, 5, 5], [3, 4, 5, 6], [3, 4, 5, 7], [3, 4, 5, 8], [3, 4, 5, 9], [3, 4, 6, 6], [3, 4, 6, 8], [3, 4, 6, 9], [3, 4, 7, 7], [3, 4, 7, 8], [3, 4, 7, 9], [3, 4, 8, 9], [3, 4, 9, 9], [3, 5, 5, 6], [3, 5, 5, 7], [3, 5, 5, 8], [3, 5, 5, 9], [3, 5, 6, 6], [3, 5, 6, 7], [3, 5, 6, 8], [3, 5, 6, 9], [3, 5, 7, 8], [3, 5, 7, 9], [3, 5, 8, 8], [3, 5, 8, 9], [3, 5, 9, 9], [3, 6, 6, 6], [3, 6, 6, 7], [3, 6, 6, 8], [3, 6, 6, 9], [3, 6, 7, 7], [3, 6, 7, 8], [3, 6, 7, 9], [3, 6, 8, 8], [3, 6, 8, 9], [3, 6, 9, 9], [3, 7, 7, 7], [3, 7, 7, 8], [3, 7, 7, 9], [3, 7, 8, 8], [3, 7, 8, 9], [3, 7, 9, 9], [3, 8, 8, 8], [3, 8, 8, 9], [3, 8, 9, 9], [3, 9, 9, 9], [4, 4, 4, 4], [4, 4, 4, 5], [4, 4, 4, 6], [4, 4, 4, 7], [4, 4, 4, 8], [4, 4, 4, 9], [4, 4, 5, 5], [4, 4, 5, 6], [4, 4, 5, 7], [4, 4, 5, 8], [4, 4, 6, 8], [4, 4, 6, 9], [4, 4, 7, 7], [4, 4, 7, 8], [4, 4, 7, 9], [4, 4, 8, 8], [4, 4, 8, 9], [4, 5, 5, 5], [4, 5, 5, 6], [4, 5, 5, 7], [4, 5, 5, 8], [4, 5, 5, 9], [4, 5, 6, 6], [4, 5, 6, 7], [4, 5, 6, 8], [4, 5, 6, 9], [4, 5, 7, 7], [4, 5, 7, 8], [4, 5, 7, 9], [4, 5, 8, 8], [4, 5, 8, 9], [4, 5, 9, 9], [4, 6, 6, 6], [4, 6, 6, 7], [4, 6, 6, 8], [4, 6, 6, 9], [4, 6, 7, 7], [4, 6, 7, 8], [4, 6, 7, 9], [4, 6, 8, 8], [4, 6, 8, 9], [4, 6, 9, 9], [4, 7, 7, 7], [4, 7, 7, 8], [4, 7, 8, 8], [4, 7, 8, 9], [4, 7, 9, 9], [4, 8, 8, 8], [4, 8, 8, 9], [4, 8, 9, 9], [5, 5, 5, 5], [5, 5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 5, 9], [5, 5, 6, 6], [5, 5, 6, 7], [5, 5, 6, 8], [5, 5, 7, 7], [5, 5, 7, 8], [5, 5, 8, 8], [5, 5, 8, 9], [5, 5, 9, 9], [5, 6, 6, 6], [5, 6, 6, 7], [5, 6, 6, 8], [5, 6, 6, 9], [5, 6, 7, 7], [5, 6, 7, 8], [5, 6, 7, 9], [5, 6, 8, 8], [5, 6, 8, 9], [5, 6, 9, 9], [5, 7, 7, 9], [5, 7, 8, 8], [5, 7, 8, 9], [5, 8, 8, 8], [5, 8, 8, 9], [6, 6, 6, 6], [6, 6, 6, 8], [6, 6, 6, 9], [6, 6, 7, 9], [6, 6, 8, 8], [6, 6, 8, 9], [6, 7, 8, 9], [6, 7, 9, 9], [6, 8, 8, 8], [6, 8, 8, 9], [6, 8, 9, 9], [7, 8, 8, 9]]