《Talk Lean》—— 精益讨论

精益讨论，从冗长低效的会议中解放出来。
精益概念遍地开花，精益管理、精益生产、精益创业、精益数据分析、精益客户开发。

Talk Lean

要点一览

• 直接且礼貌
• 会议开始时，明确会议目标
• 会议结束时，会议目标要可衡量、可审查
• 会议中难免会有没有被表达的内容，被表达的内容可能有更好的表达方式
• 成为一个好听众：主动聆听
• 回应演讲者：从讲话者的角度，从自己的角度，从二者共同的角度
• 有疑问就问
• 所做即所说，所说即所做

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礼貌地直达问题，Politely to the Point

开场白通常有两种方式：礼貌却回避问题（polite but long-winded），直接却不够礼貌（direct but not very nice）。前者没有任何推动作用，后者则会引发对抗。

开始会议

在会议开始时，说明目标。每个小阶段都要有清晰的目标，表述要直接且亲和。

以终为始，会议产出要有可以衡量的“参数”，会议目标要和“参数”对照。

会议中

让会议高效运行。如果会议的必要性不强，取消会议，通过邮件沟通。

人们在会议中通常会有没有表达的内容。有的人可能是怕显得粗鲁，有的人会通过肢体语言表达出来。如果存在未表达内容，不可避免地会导致模糊、错失机会、严重误解。

主动聆听 active listening

动用全部注意力，而不仅仅是听：肢体语言、重复听到的内容、微笑、点头、分析处理听到的内容、记笔记。

谈话的路径

1. 从对方的角度；
2. 从自己的角度；
3. 从二者的角度。

从对方的角度：

• 你刚才说的是什么意思？
• 你为什么会这么想？

从自己的角度：

• 我认为
• 我觉得
• 我需要
• 刚才你说ABC，我告诉自己XYZ

二者的角度：

• 我要如何如何做，好让你...
• 我们现在该怎么做

如果你觉得对方表达不完整，就要从对方角度提问，原因有三：

1. 你理解对方的话，但不清楚动机；
2. 不理解对方的话；
3. 理解对方的话，但需要澄清；

对于主动聆听着，尽量使用“自己的角度”。

肢体语言

肢体语言不能用来做判断。没有言语方面的断定，肢体语言不能告诉你别人在想什么。

人是不能关闭潜意识的，所以总会有肢体语言。解决的方法是“所做即所说，所说即所做”。

会议要结束时

逐个发表意见。

用开放性问题结束会议，比如：“你觉得今天的会议怎么样？”、“今天有什么收获？”。

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另一篇文章里关于《会议领导力》的29点：

1. Start on time.

2. Know the importance of proper meeting mechanics

• following the agenda
• note taking guidelines
• removing distractions

3. Keep your points numbered and your meeting format in line with the agenda.

4. Get the team members involved in managing the meeting

• hanging flip chart sheets
• taking minutes
• providing time checks

5. Use the room as your stage

• walk around freely
• don’t be tied down to a podium
• use casual body language (sit on table, lean against wall, sit occasionally)

6. Maintain control

• review the agenda
• repeat the meeting objective
• prevent cross talk

7. Use visual aids (flip charts, writing boards etc.)

• don’t censor comments
• don’t worry about spelling
• shorten long comments (go back to the person if clarification is required)
• write legibly
• get everyone’s idea on the board
• use different coloured markers to emphasize key points

8. Ask open questions to encourage discussions. Use closed questions to conclude discussions.

9. Stimulate conversation when ideas are slowing down

• paraphrase questions
• use non-verbal cues to encourage response (leave the front of the room, or ask the contributing member to write the idea on the board)
• ask everyone for comments
• wait patiently until a member is finished

10. Remain neutral

• don’t take sides
• remain non-defensive
• avoid lecturing

11. Acknowledge everyone in the group

• try not to be phony
• use probing questions
• be aware of the silent members on the team

12. Practice writing on chalkboard and listening at the same time.

13. Use subtle methods to quiet the dominant speaker

• use directed questions to someone else
• use closed questions
• stand near the dominant speaker as a display of physical presence (this technique displays authority)
• be tactful

14. To regain leadership

• stand, don’t sit
• be visible to the entire group
• use a clear voice that can be heard by all
• remind the group of meeting objectives

15. Stand beside the flip chart or board

• do not block the information
• talk to the audience, not onto the board or flip chart
• it’s OK to add points to existing wall charts

16. Write large enough to be read from the back of the room

• avoid abbreviations
• print instead of write
• don’t overcrowd a sheet, use lots of paper

17. Invite additional resources into the meeting, if topics are expected to go beyond the expertise of the group.

18. Provide hand-outs to team members

• should be prepared at least 24 hours prior to the
  meeting, or after a meeting has ended ready for the next

19. Use breaks if required

• effective method when a loss of control is evident
• to stop a dominating member who is disrupting
  the meeting
• to re-emphasize an issue

20. Don’t make time checks obvious, although they are important.

21. Create the proper environment for the topics being discussed.

22. Don’t be afraid to have fun

• use jokes and small talk where appropriate

23. Be warm and friendly.

24. Do not become over possessive with the power of leadership. Remember that your team
    members are also co-workers and friends

25. Channel any nervous energy

• do not wave pens or pointers
• do not stand rigid, or fidget too much

26. Leave open space in front of the room for notes and material. Arrange the room
    appropriately.

27. Be flexible.

28. Recap at the end of the meeting and explain the next steps.

29. Conclude the session effectively.