Hadoop 之数据压缩

1 概述

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压缩策略和原则

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2 MR 支持的压缩编码

压缩格式	hadoop自带	算法	文件扩展名	是否可切分	换成压缩格式后，原程序是否需要修改
DEFLATE	是，直接使用	DEFLATE	.deflate	否	和文本处理一样，不需要修改
Gzip	是，直接使用	DEFLATE	.gz	否	和文本处理一样，不需要修改
bzip2	是，直接使用	bzip2	.bz2	是	和文本处理一样，不需要修改
LZO	否，需要安装	LZO	.lzo	是	需要建索引，还需要指定输入格式
Snappy	否，需要安装	Snappy	.snappy	否	和文本处理一样，不需要修改

为了支持多种压缩/解压缩算法，Hadoop 引入了编码/解码器，如下表所示。

压缩格式	对应的编码/解码器
DEFLATE	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec
gzip	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec
bzip2	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec
LZO	com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzopCodec
Snappy	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec

压缩性能的比较

压缩算法	原始文件大小	压缩文件大小	压缩速度	解压速度
gzip	8.3GB	1.8GB	17.5MB/s	58MB/s
bzip2	8.3GB	1.1GB	2.4MB/s	9.5MB/s
LZO	8.3GB	2.9GB	49.3MB/s	74.6MB/s

3 压缩方式选择

3.1 Gzip 压缩

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3.2 Bzip2 压缩

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3.3 Lzo 压缩

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3.4 Snappy 压缩

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4 压缩位置选择

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5 压缩参数配置

参数	默认值	阶段
io.compression.codecs [在core-site.xml]	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodecorg apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec	输入压缩
mapreduce.map.output.compress [mapred-site.xml]	false	mapper输出
mapreduce.map.output.compress.codec [mapred-site.xml]	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec	mapper输出
mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress [mapred-site.xml]	false	reducer输出
mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress.codec [mapred-site.xml]	org.apache.hadoop.io.compress DefaultCodec	reducer输出
mapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress.type [mapred-site.xml]	RECORD	reducer输出

6 压缩实操案例

6.1 数据流的压缩和解压缩

package com.djm.mapreduce.zip;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodecFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;

import java.io.*;

public class CompressUtils {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        compress(args[0], args[1]);
        decompress(args[0]);
    }

    private static void decompress(String path) throws IOException {
        CompressionCodecFactory factory = new CompressionCodecFactory(new Configuration());
        CompressionCodec codec = (CompressionCodec) factory.getCodec(new Path(path));
        if (codec == null) {
            System.out.println("cannot find codec for file " + path);
            return;
        }
        CompressionInputStream cis = codec.createInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(path)));
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(path + ".decoded"));
        IOUtils.copyBytes(cis, fos, 1024);
        cis.close();
        fos.close();
    }

    private static void compress(String path, String method) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File(path));
        Class codecClass  = Class.forName(method);
        CompressionCodec codec  = (CompressionCodec) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(codecClass, new Configuration());
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(path + codec.getDefaultExtension()));
        CompressionOutputStream cos = codec.createOutputStream(fos);
        IOUtils.copyBytes(fis, cos, 1024);
        cos.close();
        fos.close();
        fis.close();
    }
}

6.2 Map 输出端采用压缩

package com.djm.mapreduce.wordcount;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class WcDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        configuration.setBoolean("mapreduce.map.output.compress", true);
        // 设置map端输出压缩方式
        configuration.setClass("mapreduce.map.output.compress.codec", BZip2Codec.class, CompressionCodec.class);
        Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
        job.setJarByClass(WcDriver.class);
        job.setMapperClass(WcMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(WcReduce.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

6.3 Reduce 输出端采用压缩

package com.djm.mapreduce.wordcount;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

import java.io.IOException;

public class WcDriver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
        job.setJarByClass(WcDriver.class);
        job.setMapperClass(WcMapper.class);
        job.setReducerClass(WcReduce.class);
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
        // 设置reduce端输出压缩开启
        FileOutputFormat.setCompressOutput(job, true);
        // 设置压缩的方式
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, BZip2Codec.class);
        boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
        System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
    }
}