How to prepare your child for preschool
如何为孩子上学前班/幼儿园做好准备
IN THIS ARTICLE/在这篇文章中我们将讨论:
Plan more social activities/计划更多的社交活动
Give him a sense of what to expect/让他知道自己会遇到什么
Come up with a good-bye ritual/制定一个告别仪式
Read to your child every day/每天给你的孩子读书
Practice listening skills/练习倾听技巧
Nurture the artist in residence/居家培养艺术家
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Adjusting to preschool can be tough for any child, even one who's been in daycare for a while. You can help ease your child's transition to preschool with these ideas and activities.
对于任何一个孩子来说，适应幼儿园生活都是艰难的，即便在日托所待过一段时间的孩子也是如此。本文提出的以下这些理念和做法，可以让你帮助你的孩子轻松过渡到幼儿园/学前班生活。
The important thing is to keep any preparation time fun. At this age, learning should not be a chore. You don't want your child to feel like every activity is a lesson or every outing an educational field trip.
重要的是要让任何用于做准备的时间都充满乐趣。 在这个年龄，学习不应该是一件苦差事。 你不想让你的孩子觉得每一次活动都是一堂课，或者每一次郊游都是一次有教育意义的实地考察。
These ideas, from preschool teachers and the U.S. Department of Education's Learning Partners program, will help prepare your child to listen, follow directions, and get along in a group — three important goals of any preschool program.
这些理念，来自于幼儿园/学前班的教师们以及美国教育部学习伙伴计划，将帮助你的孩子做好准备去倾听，遵循指示，并在一个群体中与人相处——这是任何幼儿园/学前班都具备的三个重要目标。
Plan more social activities/计划更多的社交活动
All preschool children have to get along with other kids. If your child hasn't spent much time in a group with other children, then activities such as sharing, taking turns, and playing cooperatively can be very difficult.
所有的学龄前儿童都必须与其他孩子和睦相处。如果你的孩子没有和其他孩子在一起渡过足够多的时间，那么分享、轮流、协作玩耍这些活动，对他来说就会变得非常困难。
Help your child get used to being part of a group by arranging playmates with one or two peers or enrolling him in a music or tumbling class.
为了帮助你的孩子习惯于成为一个团体的一员，你可以安排一两个同伴和他一起玩，或者让他参加一个音乐班或翻滚游戏班。
Give him a sense of what to expect/让他知道自己会遇到什么
It's the rare child who isn't at least a little anxious about starting preschool. Resist the temptation to say things like "It'll be the most fun you've ever had," or "There's nothing to be afraid of," and never belittle your child's fears or concerns. Instead, help calm his fears with information.
很少有孩子对上幼儿园/学前班不感到焦虑的。你要控制住自己，不要说诸如“这将是你经历的最有趣的事儿。”或“没什么好害怕的。”之类的话，永远不要轻视孩子的恐惧或担忧，而是应该用信息帮助他平息恐惧。
Talk to him about what to expect when he gets to school — where he'll be going, what he'll be doing, and who will be in class with him. Before school begins, visit the classroom together at least once, preferably when other children and his future teacher(s) are there.
和他谈谈当他到达学校时他会遇见什么——他将去哪里、做什么，谁和他一起上课。在开学前和他一起至少参观一次教室，最好是在其他孩子们和他未来的老师（们）都在场的时候。
You can also read stories about starting school. Some good ones to try are Going to School, by Anne Civardi and Stephen Cartwright, Preschool Day Hooray! By Linda Leopold Strauss, and Maisy Goes to Preschool by Lucy Cousins.
你也可以给孩子读一些关于开始上学的故事，例如：安妮·西瓦蒂和斯蒂芬·卡特莱特合著的《去上学》、琳达·利奥波德·施特劳斯的《幼儿园日万岁!》、露西·卡曾斯的《玫思上幼儿园》。
Come up with a good-bye ritual/制定一个告别仪式
If this is the first time your child will be away from you, he may worry that you're not coming back, or that you'll get lost and won't be able to find your way back to the school to pick him up at the end of the day.
如果这是你的孩子第一次离开你，他可能会担心你不会回来，或者担心你会迷路，担心一天结束的时候，你找不到路回学校接他。
Invent a special parting ritual — such as a high-five, or saying something like, "I'll be back to get you soon, long before we see the moon" — that you do each time you drop him off.
每次送孩子去幼儿园的时候，你可以发明一种特殊的告别仪式，比如击掌，或者说些类似“我很快就会回来接你的，在月亮出现之前就接你”之类的话。
During the first few days, allow extra time to get him ready and out the door in the morning, too. The more calm things are at home, the easier the separation will be.
在最初的几天里，留出额外的时间让孩子做好准备，一大早就要出门。家里越平静，分开就越容易。
And though you might be tempted to sneak out without so much as a wave when you drop him off, don't do it. He will only be more distressed when he realizes you're gone.
当你把孩子放下车时，你可能会想偷偷溜走，甚至连挥手都没有，但你千万别这么做。当他发现你偷偷溜走了，他只会更难过。
Instead, make a point of saying good-bye. Don't drag it out or let on that you might be upset, too. Just do it matter-of-factly and confidently and he'll learn to do the same.
相反，你一定要当面和孩子说再见，不要拖延，不要表现出难过伤心。你只要实事求是、充满信心地去和孩子说再见，孩子就能学会如何告别。
Read to your child every day/每天给你的孩子读书
Most preschool classes have at least one reading period each day. Setting aside at least 15 minutes a day for reading time will make this a familiar ritual when school begins. Children who don't have early experiences with books often have difficulty learning to read later.
大多数的幼儿园或者学前班，每天至少有一段用于让孩子们阅读的时间。在上幼儿园之前，在家里，每天留出至少15分钟的亲子阅读时间，养成一种熟悉的阅读习惯，将使孩子上幼儿园以后更容易些 。没有早期阅读经验的孩子，上幼儿园以后才学习阅读，往往比较困难。
Since preschoolers don't read independently, they need to learn to listen. Reading aloud to your child is a great way to help him develop listening skills. Stories with rhythm are particularly engaging, so look for books that repeat phrases.
由于学龄前儿童不能独立阅读，他们需要学会倾听。给孩子大声朗读，是帮助他发展倾听技能的好办法。读起来有韵律的故事，特别吸引孩子，所以你要找那些有重复性的短句的读物给孩子读。（吴和平插嘴：中国家长们，咱们可以给孩子读读《声律启蒙》、《笠翁对韵》之类哦！）
When he starts remembering the phrases, ask him to "read" with you. For instance, if you read The Three Little Pigs, after the wolf says, "Little pig, let me come in," let your child fill in the next line, "Not by the hair on my chinny-chin-chin."
当孩子开始记忆词汇时，让他和你一起“读”。例如，如果你在给孩子读“三只小猪”的故事，当你作为故事中的狼，说到“小猪，让我进来。”之后，让你的孩子去接着读下一行：“不要用我下巴上的毛——下巴——下巴。”（吴和平：请注意，Little pig, let me come in和Not by the hair on my chinny-chin-chin这两句是押韵的，有节奏感的，翻译成中文就不押韵了。）
Your child will also learn to predict the outcome of a story in preschool. To help him prepare for this, you can stop midway through a reading and question him about what he thinks will happen next, or how he thinks the story will end.
你的孩子在幼儿园期间学习阅读时，会被要求学习预测故事的结局。为了帮助他对此早做准备，你可以在家亲子阅读时，读到一半停下来，问他，接下来会发生什么事情？或者，问他，他觉得这个故事的结局会是怎样的。
Practice listening skills/练习倾听技巧
Preschool teachers often encourage their busy young pupils to sit still and listen. You can help your child prepare for this request by occasionally asking him to sit quietly and close his eyes, and then ask him to tell you all the different sounds he hears. Talk about what's making the sounds and where the sounds are coming from.
幼儿园老师经常鼓励他们忙碌的小学生安静地坐着听。为了帮助你的孩子有所准备，在家里，偶尔让孩子安静地坐下来，闭上眼睛，然后让他告诉你，他听到的所有声音有什么区别。聊一聊是什么发出了这些声音，这些声音来自哪里。
In preschool, children also learn to listen and follow directions that involve more than one step. Start asking your child to do a series of things, such as take his shoes to his room and put them in the closet. Or go to the bathroom and wash his hands and then come and help you set the dinner table.
在幼儿园/学前班，孩子们也要学会倾听、学会遵循包含多个步骤的指示。你在家里，就可以开始让你的孩子去做一些连续性的事情，比如，把自己的鞋子拿到房间，然后把鞋放在壁橱里面，或者，让孩子先去洗手间洗手，然后，过来帮你一起摆好餐桌。
You can also play games that require your child to listen to directions, solve problems, and take turns. For instance, play I Spy in the car or on walks around your neighborhood.
你也可以和孩子一起玩需要听从指示、解决问题，以及轮流玩的游戏。比如，你可以在车里玩“I Spy”游戏，也可以在小区附近散步时玩这个游戏。（译者： “I Spy”游戏在美国是一个家喻户晓的儿童游戏）
Give hints about something you see, "I spy with my little eye something that is...tall." Your child has to ask you questions about the object until he guesses what it is.
对你看到的东西，给孩子一些提示，“我用我的小眼睛看到了一些……高的东西。”你的孩子必须问你关于这个东西的问题，直到猜出它是什么为止。
Simon Says is another good listening-and-direction-following game.
还有个游戏叫"Simon Says"（西蒙说），这是另一个很好的锻炼倾听和方向感的游戏。
Nurture the artist in residence/居家培养艺术家
Creating art — whether it's finger-painting or molding clay — helps preschoolers develop the visual and fine motor skills they need to write. Keep paper, paints, crayons, and other art supplies on hand and encourage your child to create whenever he wants.
创意艺术——无论是手指画，还是雕塑黏土——能帮助学龄前儿童发展他们学习写字所需要的视觉和精细运动的技能。你可以把纸、颜料、蜡笔和其他艺术用品小零件放在身边，鼓励孩子随时创作。
Doing simple mazes and connect-the-dot pictures will also help your child develop beginning writing skills.
做一些简单的迷宫和连点成图的游戏，也会帮助你的孩子开始发展写字的技巧。
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来源：https://www.babycenter.com/0_how-to-prepare-your-child-for-preschool_64536.bc
译者：吴和平
版权：英文版原文版权归属babycenter网站所有，中文版仅为个人学习使用，转载的读者请注明出处，感谢！