背景
SDWebImage 是著名的 iOS 的 OC 第三方库,可以很好地辅助开发者做好网络图片的请求加载和缓存工作,而在一些后台逻辑场景下,存在着局限性,需要开发者去扩展。比如,通过URL请求一张图片,此图片不存在或者图片无权限时,后台接口不是返回错误 statusCode,而是会返回一个提示出错的图片,并在返回 response 的请求头中协议一个错误 errorCode 字段,SDWebImage 成功接收到一张图片后即展示并缓存图片,一段时间内都无法再次请求这个 URL 图片,因而出现这类出错的图片长期无法刷新的问题。
针对这类问题,分两种情况,
- 如果这类情况只针对少数图片,在设置图片时设置缓存策略
SDWebImageOptions
为“仅适用于内存缓存”SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly
,如此不存在硬盘缓存从而会发起新的请求 - 如果这种情况十分普遍,则合适的方案是对 SDWebImage 的每一次请求的回调进行请求头的过滤,当存在错误 errorCode 字段时不再执行成功的回调而走向失败,显示 app 端的占位图片 placeholderImage ,以避免在硬盘中缓存了错误图片。
请求头过滤的实现
SDWebImage中,网络请求的发起和回调的操作处理由 SDWebImageDownloader
执行,最后转发给 ````SDWebImageDownloaderOperation这个类进行操作处理,此类继承自
NSOperation,其遵循了
NSURLSessionTaskDelegate和
NSURLSessionDataDelegate```两个协议,封装了请求的发起和回调逻辑,通过将这些操作加入 NSOperationQueue 后进行管理和执行。
查看 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 的源码可以发现,执行请求成功/失败的判断是在 URLSessionDelegate 的一个协议方法中执行的,代码如下:
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition disposition))completionHandler {
//'304 Not Modified' is an exceptional one
if (![response respondsToSelector:@selector(statusCode)] || ([((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] < 400 && [((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] != 304)) {
NSInteger expected = response.expectedContentLength > 0 ? (NSInteger)response.expectedContentLength : 0;
self.expectedSize = expected;
if (self.progressBlock) {
self.progressBlock(0, expected);
}
self.imageData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithCapacity:expected];
self.response = response;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadReceiveResponseNotification object:self];
});
}
else {
NSUInteger code = [((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode];
//This is the case when server returns '304 Not Modified'. It means that remote image is not changed.
//In case of 304 we need just cancel the operation and return cached image from the cache.
if (code == 304) {
[self cancelInternal];
} else {
[self.dataTask cancel];
}
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStopNotification object:self];
});
if (self.completedBlock) {
self.completedBlock(nil, nil, [NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:[((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] userInfo:nil], YES);
}
[self done];
}
if (completionHandler) {
completionHandler(NSURLSessionResponseAllow);
}
}
从中可以看到当请求回调的 response 中 statusCoe 在一定范围内( s < 400 && s != 304)会走向业务成功的处理(保存图片数据和reponse),否则走向失败的处理(取消请求任务 task->cancel),因此应该在执行 response 的判断之前,进行拦截。
顺便说一下,这里可以看到 NSURLSession 的回调,采用的是
delegate+block
的```回调后再调用`` 的设计思路。可以参考文章了解: [iOS] [OC] 关于block回调、高阶函数“回调再调用”及项目实践
在不修改 SDWebImage 源代码的情况下,有两种可行的方案,分别是多态和runtime交换方法实现 method-swizzling,分别实现如下:
多态方案
从 SDWebImageDownloader 的 API 中可以找到用设置 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 生成类的方法 setOperationClass:
:
* Sets a subclass of `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation` as the default
* `NSOperation` to be used each time SDWebImage constructs a request
* operation to download an image.
*
* @param operationClass The subclass of `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation` to set
* as default. Passing `nil` will revert to `SDWebImageDownloaderOperation`.
- (void)setOperationClass:(Class)operationClass;
也就是说,可以通过设置自定义的 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 子类来自定义请求逻辑,再结合继承后多态的特性,在子类中 复写协议方法对 NSURLSessionTaskDelegate 方法进行重写判断完请求头后再调用 super 继续父类原有逻辑。代码如下:
@interface WBWebImageDownloaderOperation : SDWebImageDownloaderOperation
@end
@implementation WBWebImageDownloaderOperation
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
didReceiveResponse:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition disposition))completionHandler {
NSInteger statusCode = response.statusCode;
NSDictionary *headers = response.allHeaderFields;
if ([headers[@"ErrorCode"] integerValue] == 100) {
// 异常
statusCode = 444; // 写任意一个 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 会判断为错误的 code 即可 (大于400)
// 置换一个新的实例
response = [[NSHTTPURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:response.URL
statusCode:statusCode
HTTPVersion:@"HTTP/1.1" // 这里写死了没有影响
headerFields:headers];
}
[super URLSession:session dataTask:dataTask didReceiveResponse:response completionHandler:completionHandler];
}
@end
其核心是当 errorCode 判断无效时,返回一个伪造的异常 response 使得原有逻辑走向错误处理 else,在 程序启动时配置好下载图片的子类如下:
// application:didFinishLaunchWithOptions:
[[SDWebImageDownloader sharedDownloader] setOperationClass:[WBWebImageDownloaderOperation class]];
方案二:利用 method-swizzling,在调用 SDWebImageDownloader 方法之前,先 执行请求头的判断,再执行原方法。过程是创建 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 分类 category,交换内部代理方法的实现,尝试实现如下:
#import "SDWebImageDownloaderOperation+WBSwizzle.h"
#import
@implementation SDWebImageDownloaderOperation (WBSwizzle)
+ (void)load {
[self swizzleInstanceMethod:@selector(URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:)
withMethod:@selector(wb_URLSession:dataTask:didReceiveResponse:completionHandler:)
class:self];
}
- (void)wb_URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
dataTask:(NSURLSessionDataTask *)dataTask
didReceiveResponse:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response
completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionResponseDisposition disposition))completionHandler {
NSInteger statusCode = response.statusCode;
NSDictionary *headers = response.allHeaderFields;
if ([headers[@"ErrorCode"] integerValue] == 100) {
// 异常
statusCode = 444; // 写任意一个 SDWebImageDownloaderOperation 会判断为错误的 code 即可 (大于400)
// 置换一个新的实例
response = [[NSHTTPURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:response.URL
statusCode:statusCode
HTTPVersion:@"HTTP/1.1" // 这里只能写死了,应该没有影响
headerFields:headers];
}
[self wb_URLSession:session dataTask:dataTask didReceiveResponse:response completionHandler:completionHandler];
}
+ (void)swizzleInstanceMethod:(SEL)origSelector withMethod:(SEL)newSelector class:(Class)cls
{
// if current class not exist selector, then get super
Method originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(cls, origSelector);
Method swizzledMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(cls, newSelector);
// add selector if not exist, implement append with method
if (class_addMethod(cls,
origSelector,
method_getImplementation(swizzledMethod),
method_getTypeEncoding(swizzledMethod)) ) {
// replace class instance method, added if selector not exist
// for class cluster , it always add new selector here
class_replaceMethod(cls,
newSelector,
method_getImplementation(originalMethod),
method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
} else {
// swizzleMethod maybe belong to super
class_replaceMethod(cls,
newSelector,
class_replaceMethod(cls,
origSelector,
method_getImplementation(swizzledMethod),
method_getTypeEncoding(swizzledMethod)),
method_getTypeEncoding(originalMethod));
}
}
@end
小结
两种方案的效果是一致的,在 SDWebImage 有 API 支持的情况下,建议优先使用既有 API 的方案一, 而 swizzle 可以在其他类似场景下使用。
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