pioneer
【英英释义】
v. someone who pioneers a new activity, invention, or process is one of the first people to do it. 开创，倡导 V n / V-ed / also V
n. someone who is referred to as a pioneer in a particular area of activity is one of the first people to be invovled in it and develop it. 先驱，先锋，创始人；倡导者 oft N of/in n
n. pioneers are people who leave their own country or the place where they were living, and go and live in a place that has not been lived in before. 拓荒者，开拓者；开发者
develop or be the first to use or apply (a new method, area of knowledge, or activity)
【词义深度解析】
pioneer可以作名词也可以作动词，作动词是“开创，开辟，率先做某事”的意思，可以取代somebody was the first to do something，让语言变得更简洁，更地道。
pioneer的宾语通常为a method, an area of knowledge, an activity, an approach, a practice等。
【例句学习】
1. It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment. 这里的mobile payment就可以理解为一种method。
2. It is Alipay which pioneered and popularized mobile payment, now widely seen as a norm. 移动支付已是常态。
3. Herb Kelleher, a pioneer of cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87. Herb Kelleher是美国西南航空公司的创始人。
4. Herb Kelleher, who pioneered cheap air travel, died on January 3rd, aged 87. 句中的cheap air travel可以理解为an activiy或a practice.
5. American aviation in the 1970s was dominated by the hub-and-sopke approach, pioneered by Delta Air Lines in the belief that the most efficient way to fill planes was to fly through hub cities and hoover up passengers.
aviation /ˌeɪvɪˈeɪʃən/ aviation is the operation and production of aircraft. 航空，飞机制造业 （不可数名词）
hub-and-spoke 轴辐路网空中交通组织方法 有时简称hub（枢纽机场） hub-and-spoke approach 航空公司为了节约成本，提升满员率，先让飞机飞往大机场，然后再让乘客转乘飞往小机场的方式。
hoover v. to vacuum-clean (a carpet, furniture, etc) 用吸尘器吸(毯子、家具等) n. 胡佛牌吸尘器
上世纪70年代，美国航空业被“中心与索普克”(hub-and-sopke)模式所主导，该模式由达美航空公司(Delta Air Lines)首创，该公司认为，飞机满员最有效方式是飞越枢纽城市，吸引乘客。
【词汇运用】
1.搭配：
adj early/ture pioneer 早期的/真正的拓荒者
pioneer+n pioneer spirit/missionary 拓荒者精神/早期传教士
prep pioneer in ... 某领域的创始人
2.翻译：手冲咖啡（pourover coffee）的制作技艺是由一名日本咖啡师发明
The pourover coffee technique is pioneered/creatived by a Japanese barista.
3.生活场景应用：
Just-in-time strategy, pioneered by Toyota, has well applied to the modern industry manufacturing nowdays.