iOS开发过程中,我们经常会遇到对文件的操作,如:获取沙盒路径、创建文件、修改文件、删除文件等。
所以现在对常用的文件操作做一些总结,主要的文件操作内容:
- 获取沙盒目录相关路径
- 创建文件或文件夹
- 写入文件内容
- 删除文件(夹)
- 复制文件(夹)
- 移动文件(夹)
- 根据URL获取文件名
- 判断文件(夹)是否存在
- 获取文件(夹)大小
- 遍历文件夹
- 获取文件属性
1、获取沙盒目录相关路径 (沙盒文件结构如图 1-1)
获取沙盒的主目录路径:
+ (NSString *)homeDir
{
return NSHomeDirectory();
}
获取沙盒中Documents的目录路径:
+ (NSString *)documentsDir
{
return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
}
获取沙盒中Library的目录路径:
+ (NSString *)libraryDir {
return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
}
获取沙盒中Libarary/Preferences的目录路径:
+ (NSString *)preferencesDir {
NSString *libraryDir = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
return [libraryDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Preferences"];
}
获取沙盒中Library/Caches的目录路径:
+ (NSString *)cachesDir {
return [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];
}
获取沙盒中tmp的目录路径:
+ (NSString *)tmpDir {
return NSTemporaryDirectory();
}
2、创建文件(夹)
创建文件夹:
+ (BOOL)createDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
NSFileManager *manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
/* createDirectoryAtPath:withIntermediateDirectories:attributes:error:
* 参数1:创建的文件夹的路径
* 参数2:是否创建媒介的布尔值,一般为YES
* 参数3: 属性,没有就置为nil
* 参数4: 错误信息
*/
BOOL isSuccess = [manager createDirectoryAtPath:path withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:error];
return isSuccess;
}
获取文件创建的时间:
+ (NSDate *)creationDateOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return (NSDate *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileCreationDate error:error];
}
获取文件修改的时间:
+ (NSDate *)modificationDateOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return (NSDate *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileModificationDate error:error];
}
3、写入文件内容
按照文件路径向文件写入内容,内容可为数组、字典、NSData等等:
+ (BOOL)writeFileAtPath:(NSString *)path content:(NSObject *)content error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error
{
// 判断文件内容是否为空
if (!content) {
[NSException raise:@"非法的文件内容" format:@"文件内容不能为nil"];
return NO;
}
//判断文件(夹)是否存在
if ([self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableArray class]]) {//文件内容为可变数组
[(NSMutableArray *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSArray class]]) {//文件内容为不可变数组
[(NSArray *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableData class]]) {//文件内容为可变NSMutableData
[(NSMutableData *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {//文件内容为NSData
[(NSData *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableDictionary class]]) {//文件内容为可变字典
[(NSMutableDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSDictionary class]]) {//文件内容为不可变字典
[(NSDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSJSONSerialization class]]) {//文件内容为JSON类型
[(NSDictionary *)content writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSMutableString class]]) {//文件内容为可变字符串
[[((NSString *)content) dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[NSString class]]) {//文件内容为不可变字符串
[[((NSString *)content) dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content isKindOfClass:[UIImage class]]) {//文件内容为图片
[UIImagePNGRepresentation((UIImage *)content) writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
}else if ([content conformsToProtocol:@protocol(NSCoding)]) {//文件归档
[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:content toFile:path];
}else {
[NSException raise:@"非法的文件内容" format:@"文件类型%@异常,无法被处理。", NSStringFromClass([content class])];
return NO;
}
}else {
return NO;
}
return YES;
}
4、删除文件(夹)
删除文件(夹):
+ (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] removeItemAtPath:path error:error];
}
清空Caches或者temp文件夹:
#pragma mark 清空Cashes文件夹
+ (BOOL)clearCachesDirectory {
NSArray *subFiles = [self listFilesInCachesDirectoryByDeep:NO];
BOOL isSuccess = YES;
for (NSString *file in subFiles) {
NSString *absolutePath = [[self cachesDir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:file];
isSuccess &= [self removeItemAtPath:absolutePath];
}
return isSuccess;
}
#pragma mark 清空temp文件夹
+ (BOOL)clearTmpDirectory {
NSArray *subFiles = [self listFilesInTmpDirectoryByDeep:NO];
BOOL isSuccess = YES;
for (NSString *file in subFiles) {
NSString *absolutePath = [[self tmpDir] stringByAppendingPathComponent:file];
isSuccess &= [self removeItemAtPath:absolutePath];
}
return isSuccess;
}
+ (NSArray *)listFilesInTmpDirectoryByDeep:(BOOL)deep {
return [self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:[self tmpDir] deep:deep];
}
+ (NSArray *)listFilesInCachesDirectoryByDeep:(BOOL)deep {
return [self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:[self cachesDir] deep:deep];
}
5、复制文件(夹)
依据源文件的路径复制一份到目标路径:
#pragma mark - 复制文件
/*参数1、被复制文件路径
*参数2、要复制到的目标文件路径
*参数3、当要复制到的文件路径文件存在,会复制失败,这里传入是否覆盖
*参数4、错误信息
*/
+ (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)path toPath:(NSString *)toPath overwrite:(BOOL)overwrite error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
// 先要保证源文件路径存在,不然抛出异常
if (![self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
[NSException raise:@"非法的源文件路径" format:@"源文件路径%@不存在,请检查源文件路径", path];
return NO;
}
//获得目标文件的上级目录
NSString *toDirPath = [self directoryAtPath:toPath];
if (![self isExistsAtPath:toDirPath]) {
// 创建复制路径
if (![self createDirectoryAtPath:toDirPath error:error]) {
return NO;
}
}
// 如果覆盖,那么先删掉原文件
if (overwrite) {
if ([self isExistsAtPath:toPath]) {
[self removeItemAtPath:toPath error:error];
}
}
// 复制文件,如果不覆盖且文件已存在则会复制失败
BOOL isSuccess = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] copyItemAtPath:path toPath:toPath error:error];
return isSuccess;
}
#pragma mark - 判断文件(夹)是否存在
+ (BOOL)isExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path];
}
6、 移动文件(夹)
依据源文件的路径移动到目标路径:
#pragma mark - 移动文件(夹)
/*参数1、被移动文件路径
*参数2、要移动到的目标文件路径
*参数3、当要移动到的文件路径文件存在,会移动失败,这里传入是否覆盖
*参数4、错误信息
*/
+ (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)path toPath:(NSString *)toPath overwrite:(BOOL)overwrite error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
// 先要保证源文件路径存在,不然抛出异常
if (![self isExistsAtPath:path]) {
[NSException raise:@"非法的源文件路径" format:@"源文件路径%@不存在,请检查源文件路径", path];
return NO;
}
//获得目标文件的上级目录
NSString *toDirPath = [self directoryAtPath:toPath];
if (![self isExistsAtPath:toDirPath]) {
// 创建移动路径
if (![self createDirectoryAtPath:toDirPath error:error]) {
return NO;
}
}
// 判断目标路径文件是否存在
if ([self isExistsAtPath:toPath]) {
//如果覆盖,删除目标路径文件
if (overwrite) {
//删掉目标路径文件
[self removeItemAtPath:toPath error:error];
}else {
//删掉被移动文件
[self removeItemAtPath:path error:error];
return YES;
}
}
// 移动文件,当要移动到的文件路径文件存在,会移动失败
BOOL isSuccess = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] moveItemAtPath:path toPath:toPath error:error];
return isSuccess;
}
7、根据URL获取文件名
根据文件路径获取文件名称,是否需要后缀:
#pragma mark - 根据URL获取文件名
/*参数1:文件路径
*参数2、是否需要后缀
*/
+ (NSString *)fileNameAtPath:(NSString *)path suffix:(BOOL)suffix {
NSString *fileName = [path lastPathComponent];
if (!suffix) {
fileName = [fileName stringByDeletingPathExtension];
}
return fileName;
}
获取文件所在的文件夹路径:
+ (NSString *)directoryAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent];
}
根据文件路径获取文件扩展类型:
+ (NSString *)suffixAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [path pathExtension];
}
8、判断文件(夹)是否存在
判断文件路径是否存在:
+ (BOOL)isExistsAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path];
}
判断路径是否为空(判空条件是文件大小为0,或者是文件夹下没有子文件):
+ (BOOL)isEmptyItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return ([self isFileAtPath:path error:error] &&
[[self sizeOfItemAtPath:path error:error] intValue] == 0) ||
([self isDirectoryAtPath:path error:error] &&
[[self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:path deep:NO] count] == 0);
}
判断目录是否是文件夹:
+ (BOOL)isDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return ([self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileType error:error] == NSFileTypeDirectory);
}
判断目录是否是文件:
+ (BOOL)isFileAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return ([self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileType error:error] == NSFileTypeRegular);
}
判断目录是否可以执行:
+ (BOOL)isExecutableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isExecutableFileAtPath:path];
}
判断目录是否可读:
+ (BOOL)isReadableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isReadableFileAtPath:path];
}
判断目录是否可写:
+ (BOOL)isWritableItemAtPath:(NSString *)path {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] isWritableFileAtPath:path];
}
9、获取文件(夹)大小
获取文件大小(NSNumber):
+ (NSNumber *)sizeOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return (NSNumber *)[self attributeOfItemAtPath:path forKey:NSFileSize error:error];
}
获取文件夹大小(NSNumber):
#pragma mark 获取文件夹的大小
+ (NSNumber *)sizeOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
if ([self isDirectoryAtPath:path error:error]) {
//深遍历文件夹
NSArray *subPaths = [self listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:path deep:YES];
NSEnumerator *contentsEnumurator = [subPaths objectEnumerator];
NSString *file;
unsigned long long int folderSize = 0;
while (file = [contentsEnumurator nextObject]) {
NSDictionary *fileAttributes = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:[path stringByAppendingPathComponent:file] error:nil];
folderSize += [[fileAttributes objectForKey:NSFileSize] intValue];
}
return [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLongLong:folderSize];
}
return nil;
}
获取文件大小(单位为字节):
+ (NSString *)sizeFormattedOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
//先获取NSNumber类型的大小
NSNumber *size = [self sizeOfItemAtPath:path error:error];
if (size) {
//将文件大小格式化为字节
return [self sizeFormatted:size];
}
return nil;
}
#pragma mark 将文件大小格式化为字节
+(NSString *)sizeFormatted:(NSNumber *)size {
/*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle枚举
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile 字节为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleMemory 字节为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleDecimal KB为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleBinary KB为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*/
return [NSByteCountFormatter stringFromByteCount:[size unsignedLongLongValue] countStyle:NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile];
}
获取文件夹大小(单位为字节):
+ (NSString *)sizeFormattedOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
//先获取NSNumber类型的大小
NSNumber *size = [self sizeOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:error];
if (size) {
return [self sizeFormatted:size];
}
return nil;
}
#pragma mark 将文件大小格式化为字节
+(NSString *)sizeFormatted:(NSNumber *)size {
/*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle枚举
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile 字节为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleMemory 字节为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleDecimal KB为单位,采用十进制的1000bytes = 1KB
*NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleBinary KB为单位,采用二进制的1024bytes = 1KB
*/
return [NSByteCountFormatter stringFromByteCount:[size unsignedLongLongValue] countStyle:NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile];
}
10、遍历文件夹
遍历文件夹,分为深遍历和浅遍历:
#pragma mark - 遍历文件夹
/**
文件遍历
参数1:目录的绝对路径
参数2:是否深遍历 (1\. 浅遍历:返回当前目录下的所有文件和文件夹;
2\. 深遍历:返回当前目录下及子目录下的所有文件和文件夹)
*/
+ (NSArray *)listFilesInDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path deep:(BOOL)deep {
NSArray *listArr;
NSError *error;
NSFileManager *manager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
if (deep) {
// 深遍历
NSArray *deepArr = [manager subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:&error];
if (!error) {
listArr = deepArr;
}else {
listArr = nil;
}
}else {
// 浅遍历
NSArray *shallowArr = [manager contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:path error:&error];
if (!error) {
listArr = shallowArr;
}else {
listArr = nil;
}
}
return listArr;
}
11、获取文件属性
根据key获取文件某个属性:
//key的列表如:
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileType;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeDirectory;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeRegular;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeSymbolicLink;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeSocket;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeCharacterSpecial;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeBlockSpecial;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileTypeUnknown;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSize;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileModificationDate;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileReferenceCount;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileDeviceIdentifier;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileOwnerAccountName;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileGroupOwnerAccountName;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFilePosixPermissions;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSystemNumber;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileSystemFileNumber;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileExtensionHidden;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileHFSCreatorCode;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileHFSTypeCode;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileImmutable;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileAppendOnly;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileCreationDate;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileOwnerAccountID;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileGroupOwnerAccountID;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileBusy;
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionKey NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionNone NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionComplete NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSString * const NSFileProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);
+ (id)attributeOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path forKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return [[self attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:error] objectForKey:key];
}
获取文件属性集合:
+ (NSDictionary *)attributesOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError *__autoreleasing *)error {
return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfItemAtPath:path error:error];
}
这篇教程讲解了文件的一些常用的操作,比如:沙盒路径的获取、文件创建、文件删除、复制、移动等等操作;在实际开发过程中,最好把这些对文件操作的函数封装到一个工具类中,以便在项目总方便开发使用。