AsyncTask
作为Android原生的一个异步加载类,在前几年还是非常流行的,但随着RxJava和RxAndroid的流行,它的吸引力降低了不少。AsyncTask
是通过对Thread
和Handler
的封装,简化我们的操作,满足我们在线程里面进行计算,在主线程更新UI。但是AsyncTask
适用于短时操作(最多几秒钟),并不推荐用于长时间的耗时操作(现在版本的AsyncTask
任务的执行是串行,当然也可以自己选并行)。
AsyncTask
的使用还是非常简单的,下面就是使用的例子:
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask {
/**
* 运行异步线程的任务
* @param strings
* @return
*/
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... strings) {
return null;
}
/**
* 运行在主线程,接受异步线程任务的结果
* @param s
*/
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
super.onPostExecute(s);
}
/**
* 运行在主线程,在异步线程执行前执行,可以做一些准备工作
*/
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
/**
*
* 运行在主线程,加载进度
* @param values
*/
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
}
/**
* 运行在主线程,取消监听
*/
@Override
protected void onCancelled() {
super.onCancelled();
}
}
new MyAsyncTask().execute("执行");
使用起来就是如此的简单爽快。
AsyncTask
的源码分析:
public abstract class AsyncTask {
private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
//CPU数量
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
//线程池核心线程数量,最多4个,最少2个
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
//线程池最大线程数量
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
//空闲线程的存活时间30s
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;
//线程池创建线程的线程工厂
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
//使用原子整数,可以保证在超高并发下工作
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
//静态阻塞式队列,用来存放待执行的任务,初始容量为128
//这个阻塞式队列很特别类,主要提供了两个方法put()和take(),
// 前者将一个对象放到队列中,如果队列已经满了,就等待直到有空闲节点;
// 后者从head取一个对象,如果没有对象,就等待直到有可取的对象
private static final BlockingQueue sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue(128);
//静态并行执行器,3.0以前这是AsyncTask的默认执行器
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}
//静态串行执行器,内部进行了串行控制,可以不断的递归任务执行
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
//Handler的消息类型,发送结果
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
//Handler的消息类型,发送进度
private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
//默认执行器,从3.0开始,默认使用串行
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
//静态Handler,使用懒加载方式,使用时才创建,而且使用了单例模式
private static InternalHandler sHandler;
//任务执行相关的两个类
private final WorkerRunnable mWorker;
private final FutureTask mFuture;
//当前状态,默认是未执行状态
private volatile android.os.AsyncTask.Status mStatus = android.os.AsyncTask.Status.PENDING;
//是否取消
private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
//任务是否被执行
private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
//用于执行消息发送的Handler, 默认是把sHandler赋值给他
private final Handler mHandler;
//静态串行执行器类
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
//一个既可以用于队列又可以用于栈的类,它的执行速度比LinkList和Stack快;
//这个是用于队列
final ArrayDeque mTasks = new ArrayDeque();
//当前正在执行的任务
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
//下面这段代码保证了串行的执行机制,使用try{}finally{}模式,也是十分有想象力的
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
public enum Status {
// 当前还未执行任务,正在等待任务加入
PENDING,
// 当前正在执行任务
RUNNING,
//任务执行完成(标志onPostExecute完成)
FINISHED,
}
private static Handler getMainHandler() {
synchronized (android.os.AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
//保证了Hanlder的执行是在主线程
sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
return sHandler;
}
}
private Handler getHandler() {
return mHandler;
}
//可以用于切换执行器,使用并行方式,这方法被隐藏了,官方希望我们使用默认方式
public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
sDefaultExecutor = exec;
}
public AsyncTask() {
this((Looper) null);
}
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Handler handler) {
this(handler != null ? handler.getLooper() : null);
}
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
//以前AsyncTask要求初始化一定要放在主线程,现在没这个要求了
mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
? getMainHandler()
: new Handler(callbackLooper);
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
//设置正在执行任务
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//这里异步任务被执行,返回结果
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
//结果返回
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask(mWorker) {
//mWorker的Call()执行完后,再执行,这里主要处理异常情况,如被取消
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
//get()方法是一个阻塞方法,直到mWorker的Call()执行有结果后才会执行
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
//发布结果
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {//正常情况下,wasTaskInvoked为true
postResult(result);
}
}
//Handler发送结果消息
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
public final android.os.AsyncTask.Status getStatus() {
return mStatus;
}
//执行在线程里面,用于需要重写
@WorkerThread
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
//执行在主线程,运行在doInBackground前面,可以做一些准备工作,如进度条的初始化
@MainThread
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
//执行在主线程,子线程处理得到的结果
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
@MainThread
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
//执行在主线程,处理进度
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
@MainThread
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
//执行在主线程,任务取消,这个方法,用户不应该自己调用
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
@MainThread
protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
onCancelled();
}
//执行在主线程,任务取消
@MainThread
protected void onCancelled() {
}
//任务是否被取消
public final boolean isCancelled() {
return mCancelled.get();
}
//取消任务
public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
mCancelled.set(true);
return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
}
public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
return mFuture.get();
}
public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
}
//任务执行
@MainThread
public final android.os.AsyncTask execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
@MainThread
public final android.os.AsyncTask executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != android.os.AsyncTask.Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = android.os.AsyncTask.Status.RUNNING;
//看这里,果然是先执行
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
//还可以直接执行Runnable
@MainThread
public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
}
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult
总结:
1、AsyncTask
其实只是对Thread和Handler进行了一些封装;
2、AsyncTask
默认使用的是串行的执行方式,这就要求我们不要去执行太耗时的任务,官方告诉我们执行时间最好是几秒;
3、我们可以手动将AsyncTask
的执行方式改为并行执行,方法是executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, Params... params)