Biden officially recognizes the massacre of Armenians in World War I as a genocide
拜登正式认定，一战期间对亚美尼亚人的屠杀为“种族灭绝”
President Joe Biden on Saturday became the first US president to officially recognize the massacre of Armenians under the Ottoman Empire as a genocide, risking a potential fracture with Turkey.
周六，乔·拜登将奥斯曼帝国时期对亚美尼亚人的屠杀认定为“种族灭绝”，他也是首位正式作出这一认定的美国总统；此举可能会让美国与土耳其的关系出现破裂。
The move fulfills Biden's campaign pledge to finally use the word genocide to describe the systematic killing and deportation of Armenians in what is now Turkey more than a century ago. Biden's predecessors in the White House had stopped short of using the word, wary of damaging ties with a key regional ally.
一个多世纪前，在如今的土耳其境内，亚美尼亚人曾遭到系统性的屠杀和驱逐；拜登此举兑现了自己的选举承诺，终于用“种族灭绝”一词描述了该事件。而拜登之前的美国总统们从未使用过该词，因为他们害怕这样会破坏本国与这一关键地区盟友间的关系。
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Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu on Saturday said Ankara completely rejects Biden's use of the term. "We are not going to take lessons about our history from anyone. Political opportunism is the biggest betrayal of peace and justice," he said in a tweet.
周六，土耳其外交部长梅夫吕特·恰武什奥卢表示，当局完全无法接受拜登使用该术语。他在一则推文中表示：“我们不会从任何人那里去学习有关我国的历史。政治机会主义是对和平与正义最大的背叛。”
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The government of Turkey often registers complaints when foreign governments describe the event, which began the nights of April 23 and 24, 1915, using the word "genocide." They maintain that it was wartime and there were losses on both sides, and they put the number of dead Armenians at 300,000.
亚美尼亚惨案始于 1915 年 4 月 23 日到 24 日晚；当别国政府用“种族灭绝”一词来描述该事件时，土耳其政府通常会表示抗议。土耳其坚持认为，当时正处于战时，双方均有损失；同时，亚美尼亚人的死亡人数应为 30 万人。
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The number of Armenians killed has been a major point of contention. Estimates range from 300,000 to 2 million deaths between 1914 and 1923, with not all of the victims in the Ottoman Empire. But most estimates fall between 600,000 and 1.5 million.
一直以来，亚美尼亚人的死亡人数都是争论的焦点。据不完全统计，1914-1923 年间死于奥斯曼帝国境内的亚美尼亚人，估计在 30-200 万人之间。不过，大多估计其实都落在了 60-150 万人这一区间。
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While the death toll is in dispute, photographs from the era document some mass killings. Some show Ottoman soldiers posing with severed heads, others with them standing amid skulls in the dirt.***
尽管死亡人数仍然存在争议，但那个时代的照片却也记录了许多大规模杀戮的场景。有些照片里，奥斯曼士兵正在和砍下的头颅合影；还有些照片里，他们正站在布满头骨的土地上。
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主编：Felicity
品控：Felicity
审核：Raven
Photo Credit: KAREN MINASYAN / PATRICK T. FALLON / SAUL LOEB / AFP
重点词汇
massacre
/ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/
n. 大屠杀
英文释义：the killing of a large number of people especially in a cruel way
搭配短语：the Nanjing Massacre
genocide
/ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd/
n. 种族灭绝
词根词缀：geno（表示 race “种族”）
词根词缀：-cide（表示“杀”）
相关词汇：suicide（n. 自杀）
文化补充：种族灭绝是指人为地、系统性地、有计划地对一个民族、种族或宗教团体等，进行全部性或局部性的屠杀行为。历史上可被称为“种族灭绝”的事件还有 16-19 世纪美洲大陆上对印第安人的屠杀、二战期间纳粹对犹太人的屠杀，以及上世纪 90 年代发生的卢旺达种族大屠杀。
fracture
/ˈfræk·tʃər/
n. 破裂；断裂，折断
英文释义：a break in a bone
搭配短语：a fracture of the leg
词性拓展：fracture（v. 使破裂，使分裂）
例句：The community has been fractured by bitter conflict.
pledge
/pledʒ/
n. 承诺，诺言
英文释义：a serious promise
搭配短语：to make a pledge to do sth.
例句：The candidate has made a pledge to cut taxes if he's elected.
搭配短语：to fulfill / honor a pledge（兑现、履行承诺）
deportation
/ˌdiː.pɔːrˈteɪ.ʃən/
n. 驱逐出境
相关词汇：deport（v. 将……驱逐出境）
搭配短语：to deport sb. from someplace
predecessor
/ˈpred.ə.ses.ɚ/
n. 前任，前辈
词根词缀：pre-（表示 before “之前”）
相关词汇：successor（n. 继任者，接替者）
stop short of
未能做……，险些做……
英文释义：to almost do something but then decide not to do it
例句：I stopped short of telling him the brutal truth.
be wary of
对……小心翼翼
相关词汇：wary（adj. 小心翼翼的，谨慎的）
例句：I'm a bit wary of driving in this fog.
近义词：cautious（adj. 小心的，谨慎的）
搭配短语：to be cautious about doing sth.
opportunism
/ˌɑː.pɚˈtuː.nɪ.zəm/
n. 机会主义
文化补充：机会主义，也称投机主义，是指为了达到目的而不择手段的情况。所谓的机会主义行为是指在信息不对称的情况下，人们不完全如实地披露所有的信息，及从事其他损人利己的行为。
betrayal
/bɪˈtreɪ.əl/
n. 背叛，背弃；辜负
相关词汇：betray（v. 辜负，对……不忠；背叛，背弃）
英文释义：be disloyal to something
搭配短语：to betray one's trust
搭配短语：to betray one's belief
register
/ˈredʒ.ə.stɚ/
v.（正式地或公开地）发表意见，提出主张；登记，注册
搭配短语：to register a marriage
搭配短语：to register a trademark
英文释义：to make your opinion known officially or publicly
例句：The Chinese government has registered a protest over foreign intervention.
complaint
/kəmˈpleɪnt/
n. 抗议，控诉；怨言，牢骚
相关词汇：complain（v. 抱怨，埋怨）
搭配短语：to make a complaint about sth.
例句：They made a complaint about the noise.
contention
/kənˈten.ʃən/
n. 争论、争执；观点，看法
相关词汇：contend（v. 竞争，争夺）
英文释义：heated disagreement
例句：My contention is that the scheme will never work.
搭配短语：a point of contention （争论点，争议点）
fall
/fɑːl/
v. 属于（某个范围、类别）
英文释义：to belong to a particular class, group or area of responsibility
例句：The matter falls outside my area of responsibility.
death toll
/ˈdeθ ˌtoʊl/
n. 死亡人数
相关词汇：toll（n. 伤亡人数）
相关词汇：death（n. 死亡）
be in dispute
陷入争端
相关词汇：dispute（n. 争论，争端）
搭配短语：to be in dispute with sb.
例句：The union was in dispute with management over pay.
document
/ˈdɑk·jəˌment/
v. 记录，记载
词性拓展：document（n. 文件，文献）
例句：The harmful effects of greenhouse gases have been well documented.
sever
/ˈsev.ɚ/
v. 切断，割断