常用mysql相关命令
连接数据库
# mysql -uroot -ppassword
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9792
Server version: 5.7.24-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
查看版本，时间
mysql> select version(),current_date;
+-------------------------+--------------+
| version() | current_date |
+-------------------------+--------------+
| 5.7.24-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 | 2018-11-27 |
+-------------------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看有哪些数据库
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| phpmyadmin |
| sys |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看现在使用的数据库和登录用户：
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| zabbix |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user()
-> ;
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
使用zabbix数据库，查看有哪些数据表
mysql> use zabbix
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_zabbix |
+----------------------------+
| acknowledges |
| actions |
| alerts |
| application_discovery |
| application_prototype |
| application_template |
| applications |
| auditlog |
| auditlog_details |
| autoreg_host |
| conditions |
| config |
| corr_condition |
| corr_condition_group |
| corr_condition_tag |
| corr_condition_tagpair |
| corr_condition_tagvalue |
| corr_operation |
| correlation |
| dashboard |
| dashboard_user |
| dashboard_usrgrp |
| dbversion |
| dchecks |
| dhosts |
| drules |
| dservices |
| escalations |
| event_recovery |
| event_suppress |
| event_tag |
| events |
| expressions |
| functions |
| globalmacro |
| globalvars |
| graph_discovery |
| graph_theme |
| graphs |
| graphs_items |
| group_discovery |
| group_prototype |
| history |
| history_log |
| history_str |
| history_text |
| history_uint |
| host_discovery |
| host_inventory |
| hostmacro |
| hosts |
| hosts_groups |
| hosts_templates |
| housekeeper |
| hstgrp |
| httpstep |
| httpstep_field |
| httpstepitem |
| httptest |
| httptest_field |
| httptestitem |
| icon_map |
| icon_mapping |
| ids |
| images |
| interface |
| interface_discovery |
| item_application_prototype |
| item_condition |
| item_discovery |
| item_preproc |
| items |
| items_applications |
| maintenance_tag |
| maintenances |
| maintenances_groups |
| maintenances_hosts |
| maintenances_windows |
| mappings |
| media |
| media_type |
| opcommand |
| opcommand_grp |
| opcommand_hst |
| opconditions |
| operations |
| opgroup |
| opinventory |
| opmessage |
| opmessage_grp |
| opmessage_usr |
| optemplate |
| problem |
| problem_tag |
| profiles |
| proxy_autoreg_host |
| proxy_dhistory |
| proxy_history |
| regexps |
| rights |
| screen_user |
| screen_usrgrp |
| screens |
| screens_items |
| scripts |
| service_alarms |
| services |
| services_links |
| services_times |
| sessions |
| slides |
| slideshow_user |
| slideshow_usrgrp |
| slideshows |
| sysmap_element_trigger |
| sysmap_element_url |
| sysmap_shape |
| sysmap_url |
| sysmap_user |
| sysmap_usrgrp |
| sysmaps |
| sysmaps_elements |
| sysmaps_link_triggers |
| sysmaps_links |
| tag_filter |
| task |
| task_acknowledge |
| task_check_now |
| task_close_problem |
| task_remote_command |
| task_remote_command_result |
| timeperiods |
| trends |
| trends_uint |
| trigger_depends |
| trigger_discovery |
| trigger_tag |
| triggers |
| users |
| users_groups |
| usrgrp |
| valuemaps |
| widget |
| widget_field |
+----------------------------+
144 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看某个表的格式（这里看users表）
mysql> describe users;
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| alias | varchar(100) | NO | UNI | | |
| name | varchar(100) | NO | | | |
| surname | varchar(100) | NO | | | |
| passwd | varchar(32) | NO | | | |
| url | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| autologin | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| autologout | varchar(32) | NO | | 15m | |
| lang | varchar(5) | NO | | en_GB | |
| refresh | varchar(32) | NO | | 30s | |
| type | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
| theme | varchar(128) | NO | | default | |
| attempt_failed | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| attempt_ip | varchar(39) | NO | | | |
| attempt_clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| rows_per_page | int(11) | NO | | 50 | |
+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看表里的内容，下面表示看前几行的， 如果看全部用 select * from users;即可
mysql> select * from users order by userid limit 0,2;
+--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+
| userid | alias | name | surname | passwd | url | autologin | autologout | lang | refresh | type | theme | attempt_failed | attempt_ip | attempt_clock | rows_per_page |
+--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+
| 1 | Admin | Zabbix | Administrator | 5fce1b3e34b520afeffb37ce08c7cd66 | | 1 | 0 | en_GB | 30s | 3 | default | 0 | | 0 | 50 |
| 2 | guest | | | d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e | | 0 | 15m | en_GB | 30s | 1 | default | 0 | | 0 | 50 |
+--------+-------+--------+---------------+----------------------------------+-----+-----------+------------+-------+---------+------+---------+----------------+------------+---------------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据看状态：
mysql> status;
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.24, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 9948
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.24-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
UNIX socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Uptime: 1 day 17 hours 23 min 26 sec
Threads: 41 Questions: 1604992 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 83156 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 416 Queries per second avg: 10.771
--------------
更改root或其他用户密码：
# mysqladmin -uroot -ppassword password zabbix123
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
# mysql -uroot -pzabbix123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9939
Server version: 5.7.24-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
zabbix比较关键的几个表：
hosts: 主机表
mysql> describe hosts;
+--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| proxy_hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| host | varchar(128) | NO | MUL | | |
| status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| error | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| lastaccess | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| ipmi_authtype | int(11) | NO | | -1 | |
| ipmi_privilege | int(11) | NO | | 2 | |
| ipmi_username | varchar(16) | NO | | | |
| ipmi_password | varchar(20) | NO | | | |
| ipmi_disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| ipmi_available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmp_disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmp_available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| maintenanceid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| maintenance_status | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| maintenance_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| maintenance_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| ipmi_errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmp_errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| ipmi_error | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| snmp_error | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| jmx_disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| jmx_available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| jmx_errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| jmx_error | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| name | varchar(128) | NO | MUL | | |
| flags | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| description | text | NO | | NULL | |
| tls_connect | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
| tls_accept | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
| tls_issuer | varchar(1024) | NO | | | |
| tls_subject | varchar(1024) | NO | | | |
| tls_psk_identity | varchar(128) | NO | | | |
| tls_psk | varchar(512) | NO | | | |
| proxy_address | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| auto_compress | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
+--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
主要字段：
hostid：主机id
proxy_hostid：代理主机id
host：主机ip
status：主机状态：0被监控，1未监控，3模板主机
name：主机别名/昵称
flags：否启用：0启用，1未启用
templateid：模板id
items：监控项
mysql> desc items;
+-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmp_community | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| snmp_oid | varchar(512) | NO | | | |
| hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| name | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| key_ | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| delay | varchar(1024) | NO | | 0 | |
| history | varchar(255) | NO | | 90d | |
| trends | varchar(255) | NO | | 365d | |
| status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| value_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| trapper_hosts | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| units | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| snmpv3_securityname | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| snmpv3_securitylevel | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmpv3_authpassphrase | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| snmpv3_privpassphrase | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| formula | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| error | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| lastlogsize | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| logtimefmt | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| valuemapid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| params | text | NO | | NULL | |
| ipmi_sensor | varchar(128) | NO | | | |
| authtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| username | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| password | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| publickey | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| privatekey | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| mtime | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| flags | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| interfaceid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| port | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| description | text | NO | | NULL | |
| inventory_link | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| lifetime | varchar(255) | NO | | 30d | |
| snmpv3_authprotocol | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmpv3_privprotocol | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| state | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| snmpv3_contextname | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| evaltype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| jmx_endpoint | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| master_itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | |
| timeout | varchar(255) | NO | | 3s | |
| url | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| query_fields | varchar(2048) | NO | | | |
| posts | text | NO | | NULL | |
| status_codes | varchar(255) | NO | | 200 | |
| follow_redirects | int(11) | NO | | 1 | |
| post_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| http_proxy | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| headers | text | NO | | NULL | |
| retrieve_mode | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| request_method | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| output_format | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| ssl_cert_file | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| ssl_key_file | varchar(255) | NO | | | |
| ssl_key_password | varchar(64) | NO | | | |
| verify_peer | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| verify_host | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| allow_traps | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
+-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
63 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
itemid：监控项id
type：类型：比如agent，SNMP，agent(active) 等
hostid：关联的主机id
name：监控项的名称
key_ :监控项item的key值
history：历史表中保留的时间天数
trends：在trends表中保留的天数
status：状态：0能够使用，1不能够使用
value_type：有五个值：
0：numeric float
1：character
2：log
3：numeric unsigned
4：text
分别代表监控项不同的返回类型，表示监控项的数据会存储在哪张历史表中。5张历史表分别为：
history
history_log
history_str
history_text
history_uint
hostgroup：主机群组表；
application：应用集表；
。。。
推荐百度文库有一篇写zabbix数据表的文章：Zabbix数据库表结构解析