动词的时态与语态

时态

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现在完成时态与情态动词的结合

  1. can/could/may/might/must have done 表示推测

    someone must have opened the cage(笼子). The lion couldn't have escaped on its own
    肯定有人打开了笼子,否则狮子不会自己逃走的。

  2. could/might/ought to/should have done : 表示与过去事实相反(主要考点)

    In my view,the accident could/might have been prevented;
    -> In relity , the accident was not prevented;

used to do/be used to doing/ be used to do区分

  1. used to do : 过去常常做某事(暗含了现在不再这样做了)
  2. be used to doing :习惯于做某事[be accustomed to doing ]
  3. be used to do : (被动语态)被用来做....

被动语态

  1. 被动语态的构成:be + done(+ by sth./sb.————动作的发出者)

  2. 被动语态与时态相结合

    1. 被动语态的将来时: will be done
    2. 被动语态的现在完成时: have been done
  3. 理解: .... 被 ....

    The 29th Olympic Games was held[hold的过去分词] in Beijing in the year of 2008(by Chinese people).

  4. 语态的特殊用法(写作加分)

    1. 静态动词往往采用主动表被动

    静态动词即表示静止状态的动词,如:have(有),own(拥有),belong(属于),exist(存在),hold(容纳),stand(站立)

       例:山上有座庙
       A temple stands on the hill.
    
    

    2.“感官动词+a.” : 主动表被动

    look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(感觉起来),taste(尝起来)

       例: this proposal(提议) sounds very attractive.     
    
    

寺庙/和提议都不能主动发生,所以采用静态动词进行主动表被动

vi和vt的区别

  1. vi 不及物动词 后面不能带宾语

    He died.

  2. vt 及物动词 后面直接接宾语

Someone hit me.

英语的基本句型主要有五种

1、主语—系—表
2、主语—谓(vi.)
3、主语—谓—宾
4、主语—谓—宾—宾
5、主语-谓—宾—补语

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