18. So many directors being absent, the board meeting had to be put off.
语法点：独立主格结构。其作用相当于一个简化的状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
还原过来就是：Because so many directors were absent, the board meeting had to be put off.
另外，一个句子只能有一个谓语动词。在这句话里就是had，排除AC。
23. The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been reported in broad daylight yesterday．
考查固定搭配：be reported/said to be据报道/据说。中间插入了一个介词短语in the local newpaper做状语
据当地新闻报道，这家昨天在光天化日下被抢了。
26. No one had told Mr. Smith about there being a lecture the following day.
语法点：介词后面跟动词ing形式。
用宾语从句来表达就是：No one had told Mr. Smith 【that there would be a lecture the following day.】
另外，也可以用一个句子只能有一个谓语动词 来排除其它选项。
31. By the time he arrives in Beijing, we will have stayed here for two days.
语法点：将来完成时。表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。
注意：常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：
①by(the time/the end of)+表示将来时间的短语和句子；
②before(the end of)+表示将来时间的词语或句子；
③when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。
例如：By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.
到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.
等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。
34. As a public relations officer, he is said to know some very influential people.
语法点：跟23题一样，sb is said to do 据说...
这里就是表示：作为一名公关官员，据说他认识一些很有影响力的人。know这个词没有ing形式，这里也不强调已经认识，只是在陈述一个一般的事实。
42. 考查单词意思。对公司来说，购买一条新的生产线将是一笔有利可图的交易。
profitable有利润的，有利可图的，可与deal，business等词搭配。
tremendous非常大的，惊人的，用以表示程度。
47. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun more than go sightseeing.
like A more than B 喜欢A多于喜欢B→比起B更喜欢A
A rather than B 表示“是A而不是B”，两个并列成分的形式要一致
other than相当于except，表示“除…之外”
than表示比较，都是与more/less、better等一起用。
56. All the tasks having been fulfilled ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.
跟18题一样，考查独立主格结构，可以还原成After all the tasks had been fulfilled ahead of time, 任务是被完成的，而且发生在decided之前（过去的过去），所以用完成时的被动语态。
考研英语语法点不是这样考的，我们重点是看到一个长难句能识别出句子的主干（誓死捍卫主谓宾）。