Cambridge English Grammar in use时态部分

TO YANKEE

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现在的时态

present simple(I do)

1.常识
Nurses look after patients in hospitals
2.习惯
I get up at 8 o'clock every morning.
How often do you go to the dentist?
3.建议和保证
I promise I won't be late.
promise/apologise/advice/insist/agree/refuse

4. I hope+

present continuous(I am doing)

1.当下的变化
Is your English getting better?
The population of the world is increasing very fast.

2. I am always doing
   总是(负面)
   You are always watching television. You should do something more active.
3. He is being
   表现得 =he is behaving/he is acting
   I can't understand why he's so selfish. He isn't usually like that.

present perfect(I have done)

1.刚刚发生的事情
Ow! I have cut my fingers!
2.现在与过去有联系的事情(说明发生不久)
Where is your key? I don't know. I've lost it.
3.从past持续至今的时间里发生的事情
Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times!(至目前为止)

4. It's the (first) time something has happened.
   到目前为止的第几次

present perfect continuous(I have been doing)

1.刚停下的活动
Paul is very tired. He's been working very hard.
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

2. how long/for.../since...刚停止或这段时间过后还在进行
   It has been raining for two hours.

present perfect continuous and simple
1.present perfect continuous 强调过程
He has been painting the ceiling.(在画着呢刚刚)

2. present simple 强调结果
   He has painted the ceiling.(刚画好了)
   3.一段时间是have been doing 几次是have done

过去的时态

past simple(I did)

past continuous(I was doing)

与past simple一起用，强调在做某事时发生了某事
Matt phoned while we were having dinner.

present simple and past simple
1.have done 强调现在的情况
did 表示过去，不知道现在怎样
He lost his key.(不知道现在找到没)
He has lost his key.(还没找着)
2.have done 表示最新的情况，如果继续谈论则用did
3.It hasn't rained this week.
It didn't rain last week.

past perfect(I had done)

Kate had just got home when I phoned. She had been at her mother's house.

past perfect continuous

1. 在过去某件事情发生前，已经发生了一段时间了
   It was not raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it had been raining before.

used to do

1.过去常做，但现在不做的事情
David used to spend a lot of money on clothes. These days he can't afford it.
2.过去为真，但现在不是了
This building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a cinema.
3.问句形式
Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?

未来的时态

I am doing

1.计划好的事情(不能用will)
I am going to the theatre on Saturday evening.
2.谈话间准备做的事情
I am going to bed now.

I do

1.时间表
My train leaves at 11.30, so I need to get there by 11.15.
2.谈论人的计划(但doing更常见)
I start my new job on Monday.

I am going to do(与现在有联系的事情)

1.决定的事情（intend/decide）
The cheese looks horrible, I'm not going to eat it.
2.将会发生的事情（立刻）
He is going to walk into the wall.
3.想做但没做的事（要发生却没发生的事）
We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.

will

1.不能用在因为现在事情导致的未来事情上。
I feel terrible now. I think I am going to be sick.
2.对未来发生事情的预测
She will pass the exam.
she won't do it.

shall(we,I)

will be doing

在未来的某段时间，事情将会怎样

will have done

We are late. The film will have already started by the time we get there.