2019年教师招聘英语学科专业知识考点梳理
考点九动词的时态
一、一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。也可表示客观规律以及在时间、条件状语从句中表将来时(主将从现)
2.时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week/day/year/month…, once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:
①be动词:am/is/are ②行为动词:动词原形、第三人称单数。
4.否定形式:
①am/is/are+not; ② don’t /doesn’t +动词原形+……
5.一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;② Do/Does +…+动词原形+…?
[if !supportLists]一、[endif]一般过去时
1.概念: 过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month...),
in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,...
3.基本结构:
①be动词;was/were …
②行为动词 :动词的过去式
4.否定形式:
①was/were+not; ② didn’t +动词原形
5.一般疑问句: ①was或were放于句首;② Did +…+动词原形……?
三、现在进行时
1.概念: 表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语: now, at this time, these days, look/listen ,can you see? Can’t you see ?之类的暗示语。
3.基本结构: am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句: Is /Are …+doing sth ?
四、过去进行时
1.概念: 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语: at this/that time yesterday, at that time ,at six, yesterday evening ,from eight o’clock to nine o’clock last night 或以when/while引导的时间状语(过去进行时+when+一般过去时/ 一般过去时+while +过去进行时/过去进行时+while +过去进行时)。
3.基本结构: was/were+doing
4.否定形式: was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时
1.概念: 过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语: recently, lately, since..., for..., in the past few years, already, yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.
3.基本结构: have/has + done
4.否定形式: have/has + not +done
5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。
7.注意
①have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别
have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。
have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。
have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。
②与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。
I have left school for 20 years. (×)
I have been away from school for 20 years. (√)
③惯用句型:
A)主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago
B)主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago .
C).It’s/It has been +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式
D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式
His grandfather died two years ago .
His grandfather has been dead for two years/since 2017.
It’s/It has been two years since his grandfather died.
Two years has passed since his grandfather died.
④现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。
Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he has.
When did he return it ?He returned it yesterday afternoon.
六、过去完成时
1.概念: 以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:
①before+过去时间,by+ 过去时间
by the end of last year(term, month„)
②by the time +从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)
③用于由when ,after , before 引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。
过去完成时+when/before +一般过去时
一般过去时+after +过去完成时
④用于宾语从句中。
3.基本结构: had + done
4.否定形式: had + not + done
5.一般疑问句: 把had放于句首。
七、一般将来时
1.概念: 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ) ,soon, in+一段时间, by..., the day after tomorrow, this evening ,tonight
3.基本结构:
①shall/will + 动词原型
②be going to + 动词原型
③be to + 动词原型
④be on the point of/be about to表示”正要做某事”,不与时间状语连用,但可和when从句连用
4.【惯用句型】祈使句/短语+and/or+主语+will
Work hard and you will succeed.
Work hard or you will fail.
考点十动词的语态
[if !supportLists]一、[endif]语态的概念
语态是指特殊的动词形式,用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系。英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(Active Voice)中主语是动作的执行者,被动语态(Passive Voice中主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态:Many people speak English.
被动语态:English is spoken by many people.
二、被动语态的用法
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。 The house was built in 1950.
2. 需要强调动作的承受者。如果同时将动作的发出者表达出来,可以在发出者前面加上by。
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
He was brought up by his grandmother.
[if !supportLists]2. [endif]为了使语气婉转,避免提到是谁做的这件事。
Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
三、被动语态的构成形式
1)一般现在时am/is/are +done
2)现在进行时 am/is /are being done
3)现在完成时has /have been done
4)一般过去时was/were done
5)过去进行时was/were being done
6)过去完成时had been done
7)一般将来时 will/shall be done
四、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1.表示事物自然属性时,用实义动词(主动形式)+副词(有时不加),表示被动意义。如:The pen writes well. 这支笔很好写。
The magazine sells well. 这本杂志很好卖。
2.实义动词need, want, require, deserve, demand后接doing形式,可表示to be done的含义,如:
The house needs repairing. = The house needs to be repaired.
3.某些连系动词使用主动语态而表示被动的含义,如:
Einstein's theory proved to be correct.
Good medicine tastes bitter.
4.blame和let的不定式作表语时,可用主动语态表示被动意义
He was to blame for their deaths. 他要为他们的死负责。
The house is to let. 此房出租。
5.动词不定式的主动表被动:
①当不定式与它修饰的词之间为动宾关系,并且与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时,用主动形式表被动含义,如:
We have many problems to solve.
② sb/sth + be + adj. + 不定式结构中,若句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语,可用不定式的主动表示被动意义,如:
Some problems are not easy to solve.
6.在too…to…及enough to...结构中有时表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to solve.
五、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。如:
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that…据报道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that…众所周知
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remember that…务必记住的是
六、省略to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态
make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch/make sb do sth →sb + be +made +to do sth
【口诀】感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去,被动语态to回来。
The boss made the workers work all day.
The workers were made to work all day by the boss.
奋斗
(本文改编作者:又起风了)
我们将未来赋予了最美的期望。
恰如诗歌般美妙,乐曲般空灵;
我们不甘于现状,努力拍打羽翼,
誓要穿梭考编的题海,一睹教师的风采。
我们奋斗着前行,抛洒着热血,
追求波涛骇浪般的勇往直前,
吞没拦路的巨石,磨平世俗的尖锐。
我们终要有个尽头,伴着夕阳晚霞,
回归平淡,享受恬静的时光,
隐去了锋芒毕露,褪去了一张张面具。
那般真实的我们,才是我们的向往;
当云散风静,又是一种骄阳万丈。
后来,我们真的看淡了所有,才知道那是我们奋斗的一生
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