8. Java本项目知识基础---下篇

Java本项目知识基础—下篇

1. String

拼接字符串

  • 进行头部、中部、尾部拼接 (简单、内存占用大) StringBuffer或StringBuilder进行append拼接(复杂、内存占用小)
public static void main(String[] args) {
   String str = "abc";
   //头部
   str = "头部字符串"+str;
   System.out.println(str);
   //尾部
   str+="尾部字符串";//str = str+"尾部字符串";
   System.out.println(str);

   //中部: 需要在a和b之间拼接 “中部123”
   String str2 = "中部123";
   str2 = "a"+str2+"bc";
   System.out.println(str2);
}

字符串常见方法
判断操作:
8. Java本项目知识基础---下篇_第1张图片

public static void main(String[] args) {
   System.out.println("你好世界".startsWith("你好"));//true
   System.out.println("你好世界".startsWith("好"));//false
   System.out.println("你好世界".endsWith("世界"));//true
   System.out.println("你好世界".endsWith("世"));//false
   System.out.println("abc".equals("abc"));//true
   System.out.println("abc".equals("Abc"));//false
   System.out.println("abc".equalsIgnoreCase("abc"));//true
   System.out.println("abc".equalsIgnoreCase("ABc"));//true
   System.out.println("你好世界".contains("好世"));//true
   System.out.println("你好世界".contains("好界"));//false
   System.out.println("".isEmpty());//true
   System.out.println(" ".isEmpty());//false
}

对字符串本身进行业务操作:
02
03
04
05
8. Java本项目知识基础---下篇_第2张图片
07
08
8. Java本项目知识基础---下篇_第3张图片

public static void main(String[] args) {
   String str = " hello World ";
   System.out.println(str.length());//13
   System.out.println(str.trim().length());//11
   System.out.println(str.charAt(1));//h
   char[] array = str.toCharArray();
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));//[ , h, e, l, l, o,  , W, o, r, l, d,  ]
   String str2 = "HelloWorld";
   System.out.println(str2.toUpperCase());//HELLOWORLD
   System.out.println(str2.toLowerCase());//helloworld
   String s1 = str2.substring(5);
   System.out.println(s1);//World
   String s2 = str2.substring(0, 5);
   System.out.println(s2);//Hello

   String str3 = "abc#cde#fff";
   String[] split = str3.split("#");
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split));//[abc, cde, fff]

   String str4 = "192.168.1.1";
   String[] split1 = str4.split("\\.");
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split1));

   String str5 = "HelloabcWorldabc你好abc";
   String abc = str5.replaceAll("abc", "");
   System.out.println(abc);//HelloWorld你好

   //寻找第一个abc的出现位置
   int i = str5.indexOf("abc");
   System.out.println(i);//5
   //寻找最后一个abc的出现位置
   int i2 = str5.lastIndexOf("abc");
   System.out.println(i2);//18

   String str6 = "你";
   byte[] bytes = str6.getBytes();
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));//[-28, -67, -96]
}

2. 日期

Date
java.util.Date

8. Java本项目知识基础---下篇_第4张图片

封装当前日期

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
   Date d1 = new Date();//封装这个时刻的时间
   System.out.println(d1);
   System.out.println(d1.toLocaleString());
   Thread.sleep(1000);
   Date d2 = new Date();
   System.out.println(d2.toLocaleString());
}

日期进行移动操作:
毫秒值: 1秒=1000毫秒
获取昨天这个时刻
获取明天这个时刻
获取一个月后这个时刻

public static void main(String[] args) {
   Date d1 = new Date();
   //获取当前时刻的毫秒值
   long t1 = d1.getTime();//System.currentTimeMillis()
   //1天的毫秒值
   long oneDay = 1000L*60*60*24;
   //变为昨天
   Date y = new Date(t1 - oneDay);
   System.out.println(y.toLocaleString());
   //变为明天
   Date t = new Date(t1 + oneDay);
   System.out.println(t.toLocaleString());
   //变为三个月后
   Date m = new Date(t1 + oneDay * 90);
   System.out.println(m.toLocaleString());
}

3.SimpleDataFormat

字符串转日期
日期转字符串

public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException {
   String str = "2023/09/01 10:10:10";
   SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
   Date parse = sdf.parse(str);
   System.out.println(parse.toLocaleString());
   Date date = new Date();
   String format = sdf.format(date);
   System.out.println(format);//2023/09/07 10:01:08
}

4.Math

需要哪个,就先取Math中进行查找,Math中没有,再来自己进行书写。

5.JSON和Java互转知识

JSON知识
服务器之间交互、服务器和前端交互的 必有数据格式。
格式1:(数组格式)
[元素1,元素2,元素N]

格式2:(对象格式)
{"属性名":"属性值","属性名":"属性值"}


保存几个学生信息:
[
{"name":"小张","sex":"男"},
{"name":"小红","sex":"女"}
]

保存股票列表信息:
{
"basic":"xx股票信息"
"list":[
"2001","2002"
]
}

6. Java转Json

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
   <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
   <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Student {
   //JsonProperty 在SpringBoot项目中jackson的指定属性名操作,json就和stuName进行交互了
   @JsonProperty("stuName")
   //JSONField 在SpringBoot项目中,fastjson的指定属性名操作,json就和stuName进行交互了
   //@JSONField(name="stuName")
   private String name;
   private String sex;
   private Double score;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
   ArrayList<Student> slist = new ArrayList<>();
   Student s1 = new Student("小明", "男", 100.0);
   Student s2 = new Student("小张", "男", 95.0);
   Student s3 = new Student("小红", "女", 80.0);
   Collections.addAll(slist,s1,s2,s3);
   System.out.println(slist);
   //数组格式转换
   String jsonString = JSONArray.toJSONString(slist);
   System.out.println(jsonString);//[{"name":"小明","score":100.0,"sex":"男"},{"name":"小张","score":95.0,"sex":"男"},{"name":"小红","score":80.0,"sex":"女"}]
   //对象格式转换
   String jsonString2 = JSONObject.toJSONString(s1);
   System.out.println(jsonString2);//{"name":"小明","score":100.0,"sex":"男"}

}

7. Json转Java

public static void main(String[] args) {
   String json = "[{\"name\":\"小明\",\"score\":100.0,\"sex\":\"男\"},{\"name\":\"小张\",\"score\":95.0,\"sex\":\"男\"},{\"name\":\"小红\",\"score\":80.0,\"sex\":\"女\"}]";
   String json2 = "{\"name\":\"小明\",\"score\":100.0,\"sex\":\"男\"}";

   Object slist = JSONArray.parse(json);
   System.out.println(slist);
   Object parse = JSONObject.parse(json2);
   System.out.println(parse);
   Student student = JSONObject.parseObject(json2, Student.class);
   System.out.println(student);
}

8. 异常处理体系

异常处理体系知识
异常:程序不正常的状态。(程序设计导致的、程序的突发特殊值导致的)

Throwable顶层异常(一般不用)
----Error (错误,不需要捕获处理,程序设计缺陷,需要停止程序弥补缺陷的)

public class Demo1 {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       run1();
   }
   public static void run1(){
       run1();//StackOverflowError
   }
}

----Exception (异常,需要捕获处理)

  1. try...catch
    快捷键 Ctrl+alt+t
public static void main(String[] args) {
   String str = null;
   String[] split = new String[0];//NullPointerException
   try {
       //ctrl+alt+t
       split = str.split(",");
   } catch (Exception e) {
       System.out.println("有问题");
   }
   System.out.println(Arrays.toString(split));
}

  1. finally
    无论如何一定执行
public static void main(String[] args) {
   try {
       int a = 1/0;
   } catch (Exception e) {
       throw new RuntimeException(e);
   } finally {
       System.out.println("无论如何一定执行");
   }
}

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