0905作业
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在 CentOS7 中使用 gpg 创建 RSA 非对称密钥对
[root@CentOS7 ~]#gpg --gen-key gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.22; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Please select what kind of key you want: (1) RSA and RSA (default) (2) DSA and Elgamal (3) DSA (sign only) (4) RSA (sign only) Your selection? RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long. What keysize do you want? (2048) 1024 Requested keysize is 1024 bits Please specify how long the key should be valid. 0 = key does not expire= key expires in n days w = key expires in n weeks m = key expires in n months y = key expires in n years Key is valid for? (0) Key does not expire at all Is this correct? (y/N) y GnuPG needs to construct a user ID to identify your key. Real name: jacklee Email address: Comment: You selected this USER-ID: "jacklee" Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? O You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key. You don't want a passphrase - this is probably a *bad* idea! I will do it anyway. You can change your passphrase at any time, using this program with the option "--edit-key". We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to perform some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse, utilize the disks) during the prime generation; this gives the random number generator a better chance to gain enough entropy. ------------------------------------------------- gpg: key 659DF37C marked as ultimately trusted public and secret key created and signed. gpg: checking the trustdb gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u pub 1024R/659DF37C 2020-09-05 Key fingerprint = A9AD 6CD4 CDF8 18FB F9B9 3892 8A27 C6EA 659D F37C uid jacklee sub 1024R/CEE16899 2020-09-05 [root@CentOS7 ~]# [root@CentOS7 ~]#gpg --list-key /root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg ------------------------ pub 1024R/659DF37C 2020-09-05 uid jacklee sub 1024R/CEE16899 2020-09-05 -
将 CentOS7 导出的公钥，拷贝到 CentOS8 中，在 CentOS8 中使用 CentOS7 的公钥加密一个文件
# 从centos7导出公钥 [root@CentOS7 ~]#gpg -a --export -o jacklee7.pubkey [root@CentOS7 ~]#ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 988 Sep 5 21:54 jacklee7.pubkey # 传输到centos8 [root@CentOS7 ~]#scp jacklee7.pubkey 10.0.0.8: [email protected]'s password: jacklee7.pubkey 100% 988 401.9KB/s 00:00 # 在centos8导入 [root@CentOS8 ~]#gpg --import jacklee7.pubkey gpg: key 8A27C6EA659DF37C: public key "jacklee" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 # 查看导入结果 [root@CentOS8 ~]#gpg --list-key /root/.gnupg/pubring.kbx ------------------------ pub rsa1024 2020-09-05 [SC] A9AD6CD4CDF818FBF9B938928A27C6EA659DF37C uid [ unknown] jacklee sub rsa1024 2020-09-05 [E] # 使用centos7公钥加密文件 [root@CentOS8 ~]#gpg -e -r jacklee pass8 gpg: 8577BD7ACEE16899: There is no assurance this key belongs to the named user sub rsa1024/8577BD7ACEE16899 2020-09-05 jacklee Primary key fingerprint: A9AD 6CD4 CDF8 18FB F9B9 3892 8A27 C6EA 659D F37C Subkey fingerprint: 6AEA 4B58 52DD 833D B7A3 9668 8577 BD7A CEE1 6899 It is NOT certain that the key belongs to the person named in the user ID. If you *really* know what you are doing, you may answer the next question with yes. Use this key anyway? (y/N) y [root@CentOS8 ~]#ll pass8.gpg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 593 Sep 5 21:59 pass8.gpg -
回到 CentOS7 服务器，远程拷贝 file.txt.gpg 文件到本地，使用 CentOS7的私钥解密文件
# 在centos7上拷贝centos8上的pass8.gpg [root@CentOS7 ~]#scp [email protected]:/root/pass8.gpg /root [email protected]'s password: pass8.gpg 100% 593 424.3KB/s 00:00 [root@CentOS7 ~]#ls jacklee7.pubkey pass8.gpg # 使用centos7私钥解密 [root@CentOS7 ~]#gpg -d pass8.gpg gpg: encrypted with 1024-bit RSA key, ID CEE16899, created 2020-09-05 "jacklee" Usage: passwd [options] Valid options are: -help Display this summary -in infile Read passwords from file -noverify Never verify when reading password from terminal -quiet No warnings -table Format output as table -reverse Switch table columns -salt val Use provided salt -stdin Read passwords from stdin -6 SHA512-based password algorithm -5 SHA256-based password algorithm -apr1 MD5-based password algorithm, Apache variant -1 MD5-based password algorithm -aixmd5 AIX MD5-based password algorithm -crypt Standard Unix password algorithm (default) -rand val Load the file(s) into the random number generator -writerand outfile Write random data to the specified file
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在 CentOS7 中使用 openssl 软件创建 CA
[root@CentOS7 ~]#cd /etc/pki/CA/ [root@CentOS7 CA]#tree . ├── certs ├── crl ├── newcerts └── private 4 directories, 0 files ----------------------- # 首先创建颁发证书的必要文件 [root@CentOS7 CA]#touch index.txt [root@CentOS7 CA]#echo 01 > serial [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll serial index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 5 22:12 index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Sep 5 22:12 serial -------------------------------------------------- # 创建CA的私钥 [root@CentOS7 CA]#(umask 066;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 1024) Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ..............................................++++++ ..............................................++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll private/cakey.pem -rw------- 1 root root 887 Sep 5 22:14 private/cakey.pem ----------------------------------------------------------- # 给CA颁发自签名证书 [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll serial index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Sep 5 22:12 index.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Sep 5 22:12 serial [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll private/cakey.pem -rw------- 1 root root 887 Sep 5 22:14 private/cakey.pem [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -days 999 -out cacert.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:hubei Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wuhan Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:poly Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:caokunzi Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: Email Address []: [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll cacert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 899 Sep 5 22:17 cacert.pem
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在 CentOS7 中使用 openssl 软件创建一个证书申请请求文件，并使用上面的根证书对其进行签署
# 生成用户私钥 [root@CentOS7 CA]#mkdir /data/qq [root@CentOS7 CA]#tree /data/ /data/ └── qq 1 directory, 0 files [root@CentOS7 CA]#(umask 066;openssl genrsa -out /data/qq/qq.key 1024) Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus ...........................++++++ .......................++++++ e is 65537 (0x10001) [root@CentOS7 CA]#tree /data/ /data/ └── qq └── qq.key 1 directory, 1 file --------------------- # 创建证书申请文件 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl req -new -key /data/qq/qq.key -out /data/qq/qq.csr You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:hubei Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wuhan Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:poly Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:qq Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:qq Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: [root@CentOS7 CA]#tree /data/ /data/ └── qq ├── qq.csr └── qq.key 1 directory, 2 files ----------------------- # CA签署证书 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl ca -in /data/qq/qq.csr -out certs/qq.crt -days 99 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Sep 5 14:23:48 2020 GMT Not After : Dec 13 14:23:48 2020 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = hubei organizationName = poly organizationalUnitName = qq commonName = qq X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 4C:FA:14:36:D1:00:73:75:A4:6F:5C:3A:FC:73:6C:7D:BA:26:AC:C2 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:59:4F:AB:77:22:3E:06:C7:1D:2F:32:D1:EB:C8:14:D1:20:0C:E5:C4 Certificate is to be certified until Dec 13 14:23:48 2020 GMT (99 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll certs/qq.crt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2985 Sep 5 22:23 certs/qq.crt
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吊销已经签署成功的证书
# 查询证书的 serial 编号 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl x509 -in certs/qq.crt -noout -serial serial=01 # 查看qq证书的状态 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl ca -status 01 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf 01=Valid (V) # 吊销 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl ca -revoke newcerts/01.pem Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Revoking Certificate 01. Data Base Updated # 检查状态 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl ca -status 01 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf 01=Revoked (R) # 生成证书吊销列表文件 [root@CentOS7 CA]#echo 01 > crlnumber [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl ca -gencrl -out crl.pem Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf [root@CentOS7 CA]#ll crlnumber crl.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Sep 5 22:29 crlnumber -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 483 Sep 5 22:29 crl.pem # 以文本格式查看吊销列表 [root@CentOS7 CA]#openssl crl -in crl.pem -noout -text Certificate Revocation List (CRL): Version 2 (0x1) Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption Issuer: /C=CN/ST=hubei/L=wuhan/O=poly/OU=caokunzi Last Update: Sep 5 14:29:48 2020 GMT Next Update: Oct 5 14:29:48 2020 GMT CRL extensions: X509v3 CRL Number: 1 Revoked Certificates: Serial Number: 01 #编号01证书已经被吊销 Revocation Date: Sep 5 14:27:57 2020 GMT Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption 12:64:65:ab:57:2b:9a:2b:34:e5:86:71:0c:31:f4:0a:dc:6d: 30:23:e8:6e:1b:46:95:e2:d8:ef:a6:02:db:bf:8e:09:59:09: d0:18:eb:3c:7d:a2:99:20:e4:5a:11:fc:3e:1a:32:aa:d8:4c: 41:f7:55:45:75:e2:91:bb:fe:e2:8c:65:ab:f6:46:90:42:fa: 02:b9:3d:19:1a:10:0b:be:1a:07:5f:eb:04:63:65:6d:ce:99: 07:ce:83:fd:b8:6d:fa:ea:37:47:ab:d4:52:cb:d2:75:62:b0: 13:af:eb:4d:56:c2:86:41:e6:bb:12:d1:a0:1a:6d:7f:17:ee: 19:7e