sql刷题笔记(一)

题目选自leetcode 上的题库

可能不一定都是最优解,答案仅供参考

每道题后面都应相应的难度等级,如果没时间做的话 可以在leetcode 按出题频率刷题

祝大家面试取得好的成绩

175. 组合两个表

难度简单

SQL架构

表1: Person

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型     |
+-------------+---------+
| PersonId    | int     |
| FirstName   | varchar |
| LastName    | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
PersonId 是上表主键

表2: Address

+-------------+---------+
| 列名         | 类型    |
+-------------+---------+
| AddressId   | int     |
| PersonId    | int     |
| City        | varchar |
| State       | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
AddressId 是上表主键

编写一个 SQL 查询,满足条件:无论 person 是否有地址信息,都需要基于上述两表提供 person 的以下信息:

FirstName, LastName, City, State
select FirstName,LastName,City,State
from Person  p
left join  Address a 
on a.PersonId = p.PersonId

176. 第二高的薪水

难度简单

SQL架构

编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第二高的薪水(Salary) 。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表,SQL查询应该返回 200 作为第二高的薪水。如果不存在第二高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null

+---------------------+
| SecondHighestSalary |
+---------------------+
| 200                 |
+---------------------+
SELECT
    IFNULL(
      (SELECT DISTINCT Salary
       FROM Employee
       ORDER BY Salary DESC
        LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1),
    NULL) AS SecondHighestSalary

177. 第N高的薪水

难度中等

编写一个 SQL 查询,获取 Employee 表中第 n 高的薪水(Salary)。

+----+--------+
| Id | Salary |
+----+--------+
| 1  | 100    |
| 2  | 200    |
| 3  | 300    |
+----+--------+

例如上述 Employee 表,n = 2 时,应返回第二高的薪水 200。如果不存在第 n 高的薪水,那么查询应返回 null

+------------------------+
| getNthHighestSalary(2) |
+------------------------+
| 200                    |
+------------------------+
CREATE FUNCTION getNthHighestSalary(N INT) RETURNS INT
BEGIN
  RETURN (
      SELECT IFNULL(
        (select salary  
        from(
        select salary,
        rank() over(order by salary desc) rk
        from Employee
        group by salary
        )t1
        where rk=N),NULL) SecondHighestSalary
  );
END

178. 分数排名

难度中等

SQL架构

编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。

如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。

+----+-------+
| Id | Score |
+----+-------+
| 1  | 3.50  |
| 2  | 3.65  |
| 3  | 4.00  |
| 4  | 3.85  |
| 5  | 4.00  |
| 6  | 3.65  |
+----+-------+

例如,根据上述给定的 Scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):

+-------+------+
| Score | Rank |
+-------+------+
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 4.00  | 1    |
| 3.85  | 2    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.65  | 3    |
| 3.50  | 4    |
+-------+------+

重要提示:对于 MySQL 解决方案,如果要转义用作列名的保留字,可以在关键字之前和之后使用撇号。例如 Rank

select Score,
dense_rank() over(order by Score desc) `rank`
from Scores

180. 连续出现的数字

难度中等

SQL架构

编写一个 SQL 查询,查找所有至少连续出现三次的数字。

+----+-----+
| Id | Num |
+----+-----+
| 1  |  1  |
| 2  |  1  |
| 3  |  1  |
| 4  |  2  |
| 5  |  1  |
| 6  |  2  |
| 7  |  2  |
+----+-----+

例如,给定上面的 Logs 表, 1 是唯一连续出现至少三次的数字。

+-----------------+
| ConsecutiveNums |
+-----------------+
| 1               |
+-----------------+
select distinct Num ConsecutiveNums
from 
(
select
Num,
lead(Num,1,null) over(order by id) n2,
lead(Num,2,null) over(order by id) n3
from Logs
)t1
where Num = n2 and Num = n3

181. 超过经理收入的员工

难度简单

SQL架构

Employee 表包含所有员工,他们的经理也属于员工。每个员工都有一个 Id,此外还有一列对应员工的经理的 Id。

+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | ManagerId |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 3         |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 4         |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | NULL      |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | NULL      |
+----+-------+--------+-----------+

给定 Employee 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,该查询可以获取收入超过他们经理的员工的姓名。在上面的表格中,Joe 是唯一一个收入超过他的经理的员工。

+----------+
| Employee |
+----------+
| Joe      |
+----------+
select a.Name  Employee 
from Employee a 
join Employee b
on a.ManagerId = b.id
where a.Salary>b.Salary

182. 查找重复的电子邮箱

难度简单

SQL架构

编写一个 SQL 查询,查找 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱。

示例:

+----+---------+
| Id | Email   |
+----+---------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected] |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+---------+

根据以上输入,你的查询应返回以下结果:

+---------+
| Email   |
+---------+
| [email protected] |
+---------+

说明:所有电子邮箱都是小写字母。

select Email
from Person
group by Email
having count(*)>1

183. 从不订购的客户

难度简单

SQL架构

某网站包含两个表,Customers 表和 Orders 表。编写一个 SQL 查询,找出所有从不订购任何东西的客户。

Customers 表:

+----+-------+
| Id | Name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | Joe   |
| 2  | Henry |
| 3  | Sam   |
| 4  | Max   |
+----+-------+

Orders 表:

+----+------------+
| Id | CustomerId |
+----+------------+
| 1  | 3          |
| 2  | 1          |
+----+------------+

例如给定上述表格,你的查询应返回:

+-----------+
| Customers |
+-----------+
| Henry     |
| Max       |
+-----------+
select  c.Name Customers
from Customers  c left join Orders  o
on c.id = o.CustomerId
where o.id is null

184. 部门工资最高的员工

难度中等

SQL架构

Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+
select Department,Employee,Salary
from (
select d.Name  Department,e.Name Employee, e.Salary,
rank() over(partition by d.id order by Salary desc) rk
from Employee e join Department d
on e.DepartmentId=d.id
)tmp
where rk = 1

185. 部门工资前三高的所有员工

难度困难

SQL架构

Employee 表包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的工号 Id,姓名 Name,工资 Salary 和部门编号 DepartmentId

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门获得前三高工资的所有员工。例如,根据上述给定的表,查询结果应返回:

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

解释:

IT 部门中,Max 获得了最高的工资,Randy 和 Joe 都拿到了第二高的工资,Will 的工资排第三。销售部门(Sales)只有两名员工,Henry 的工资最高,Sam 的工资排第二。

select Department,Employee,Salary
from (
select d.Name  Department,e.Name Employee, e.Salary,
dense_rank() over(partition by d.id order by Salary desc) rk
from Employee e join Department d
on e.DepartmentId=d.id
)tmp
where rk <=3

196. 删除重复的电子邮箱

难度简单

编写一个 SQL 查询,来删除 Person 表中所有重复的电子邮箱,重复的邮箱里只保留 Id 最小 的那个。

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
| 3  | [email protected] |
+----+------------------+
Id 是这个表的主键。

例如,在运行你的查询语句之后,上面的 Person 表应返回以下几行:

+----+------------------+
| Id | Email            |
+----+------------------+
| 1  | [email protected] |
| 2  | [email protected]  |
+----+------------------+

提示:

  • 执行 SQL 之后,输出是整个 Person 表。

  • 使用 delete 语句。

DELETE p1 FROM Person p1,
    Person p2
WHERE
    p1.Email = p2.Email AND p1.Id > p2.Id

注意是删除 ,不是查询

197. 上升的温度

难度简单

SQL架构

给定一个 Weather 表,编写一个 SQL 查询,来查找与之前(昨天的)日期相比温度更高的所有日期的 Id。

+---------+------------------+------------------+
| Id(INT) | RecordDate(DATE) | Temperature(INT) |
+---------+------------------+------------------+
|       1 |       2015-01-01 |               10 |
|       2 |       2015-01-02 |               25 |
|       3 |       2015-01-03 |               20 |
|       4 |       2015-01-04 |               30 |
+---------+------------------+------------------+

例如,根据上述给定的 Weather 表格,返回如下 Id:

+----+
| Id |
+----+
|  2 |
|  4 |
+----+
select 
Id
from 
(
select Id,RecordDate,Temperature,
lag(RecordDate,1,9999-99-99) over (order by RecordDate) yd,
lag(Temperature,1,999) over(order by RecordDate ) yt
from Weather 
)tmp
where Temperature >yt
and datediff(RecordDate,yd)=1

262. 行程和用户

难度困难

SQL架构

Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。

+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id |        Status      |Request_at|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+
| 1  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 2  |     2     |    11     |    1    | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-01|
| 3  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-01|
| 4  |     4     |    13     |    6    | cancelled_by_client|2013-10-01|
| 5  |     1     |    10     |    1    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 6  |     2     |    11     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 7  |     3     |    12     |    6    |     completed      |2013-10-02|
| 8  |     2     |    12     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03|
| 9  |     3     |    10     |    12   |     completed      |2013-10-03| 
| 10 |     4     |    13     |    12   | cancelled_by_driver|2013-10-03|
+----+-----------+-----------+---------+--------------------+----------+

Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型。

+----------+--------+--------+
| Users_Id | Banned |  Role  |
+----------+--------+--------+
|    1     |   No   | client |
|    2     |   Yes  | client |
|    3     |   No   | client |
|    4     |   No   | client |
|    10    |   No   | driver |
|    11    |   No   | driver |
|    12    |   No   | driver |
|    13    |   No   | driver |
+----------+--------+--------+

写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。

取消率的计算方式如下:(被司机或乘客取消的非禁止用户生成的订单数量) / (非禁止用户生成的订单总数)

+------------+-------------------+
|     Day    | Cancellation Rate |
+------------+-------------------+
| 2013-10-01 |       0.33        |
| 2013-10-02 |       0.00        |
| 2013-10-03 |       0.50        |
+------------+-------------------+
SELECT T.request_at AS `Day`, 
    ROUND(
            SUM(
                IF(T.STATUS = 'completed',0,1)
            )
            / 
            COUNT(T.STATUS),
            2
    ) AS `Cancellation Rate`
FROM trips AS T
WHERE 
T.Client_Id NOT IN (
    SELECT users_id
    FROM users
    WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
AND
T.Driver_Id NOT IN (
    SELECT users_id
    FROM users
    WHERE banned = 'Yes'
)
AND T.request_at BETWEEN '2013-10-01' AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY T.request_at

511. 游戏玩法分析 I

难度简单

SQL架构

活动表 Activity

+--------------+---------+
| Column Name  | Type    |
+--------------+---------+
| player_id    | int     |
| device_id    | int     |
| event_date   | date    |
| games_played | int     |
+--------------+---------+
表的主键是 (player_id, event_date)。
这张表展示了一些游戏玩家在游戏平台上的行为活动。
每行数据记录了一名玩家在退出平台之前,当天使用同一台设备登录平台后打开的游戏的数目(可能是 0 个)。

写一条 SQL 查询语句获取每位玩家 第一次登陆平台的日期

查询结果的格式如下所示:

Activity 表:
+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
| player_id | device_id | event_date | games_played |
+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+
| 1         | 2         | 2016-03-01 | 5            |
| 1         | 2         | 2016-05-02 | 6            |
| 2         | 3         | 2017-06-25 | 1            |
| 3         | 1         | 2016-03-02 | 0            |
| 3         | 4         | 2018-07-03 | 5            |
+-----------+-----------+------------+--------------+

Result 表:
+-----------+-------------+
| player_id | first_login |
+-----------+-------------+
| 1         | 2016-03-01  |
| 2         | 2017-06-25  |
| 3         | 2016-03-02  |
+-----------+-------------+
select player_id ,event_date first_login
from (
select player_id ,event_date,
rank() over(partition by player_id order by event_date) rk
from Activity
) tmp
where rk = 1

2.最优 (选最小日期)

select player_id ,min(event_date) first_login
from Activity
group by player_id 

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