数据结构——顺序表增删查改的C语言实现

1、seqlist.h

用于存放头文件、函数的声明和实现，由于代码较长，为了便于浏览，我将函数的实现部分拿出来

代码如下：

#ifndef _seqlist_h_
#define _seqlist_h_

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include  
#define SEQLIST_DEFAULT_SIZE 8
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#define ElemType int
void Swap(ElemType *a, ElemType *b)
{
	ElemType tmp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = tmp;
}

//定义顺序表的结构
typedef struct SeqList
{
	ElemType *base;
	size_t capacity;
	size_t size;
}SeqList;

void SeqListInit(SeqList *plist);//初始化
void SeqListPushBack(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//尾插
void SeqListPushFront(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//头插
void SeqListShow(SeqList *plist);//显示
void SeqListPopBack(SeqList *plist);//尾删
void SeqListPopFront(SeqList *plist);//头删
bool SeqListInsertPos(SeqList *plist, int pos, ElemType x);//按位置插入
bool SeqListInsertVal(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//按值插入
void SeqListSort(SeqList *plist);//排序
void SeqListErasePos(SeqList *plist, int pos);//按位置删除
void SeqListEraseVal(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//按值删除
int SeqListFind(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//查找
int SeqListLength(SeqList *plist);//求长度
int SeqListCapacity(SeqList *plist);//求容量
void SeqListReverse(SeqList *plist);//逆置
void SeqListClear(SeqList *plist);//清空
ElemType SeqListFront(SeqList *plist);//取头元素
ElemType SeqListBack(SeqList *plist);//取尾元素
int SeqListBinary_find(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//二分查找
void SeqListErase_all(SeqList *plist, ElemType x);//删除等于给定值的所有元素

#endif

（1）顺序表的动态管理（在后面向顺序表中插入元素时会用到）

bool _Inc(SeqList *plist, size_t new_capacity)
{
	assert(plist != NULL&&new_capacity > plist->capacity);
	ElemType *new_base = (ElemType*)realloc(plist->base, sizeof(ElemType)*new_capacity);
	if (new_base == NULL)
	{
		return false;
	}
	plist->base = new_base;
	plist->capacity = new_capacity;
	return true;
}

（2）顺序表判空、判满

bool IsFull(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	return plist->size >= plist->capacity;
}
bool IsEmpty(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	return plist->size == 0;
}

 （3）顺序表初始化

void SeqListInit(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	plist->capacity = SEQLIST_DEFAULT_SIZE;
	plist->base = (ElemType*)malloc(sizeof(ElemType)*plist->capacity);
	plist->size = 0;
}

（4） 元素的尾插、头插

void SeqListPushBack(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsFull(plist) && !_Inc(plist, plist->capacity * 2))
	{
		printf("顺序表已满，%d不能插入\n", x);
		return;
	}
	plist->base[plist->size++] = x;
}
void SeqListPushFront(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsFull(plist) && !_Inc(plist, plist->capacity * 2))
	{
		printf("顺序表已满，%d不能插入\n", x);
		return;
	}
	for (size_t i = plist->size; i > 0; i--)
	{
		plist->base[i] = plist->base[i - 1];
	}
	plist->base[0] = x;
	plist->size++;
}

（5）顺序表元素的打印

 

void SeqListShow(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < plist->size; i++)
	{
		printf("%d ", plist->base[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
}

（6）元素的尾删、头删

void SeqListPopBack(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，不能尾部删除！\n");
		return;
	}
	plist->size--;
}
void SeqListPopFront(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，不能头部删除！\n");
		return;
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < plist->size; i++)
	{
		plist->base[i] = plist->base[i + 1];
	}
	plist->size--;
}

 （7）按位置、值插入元素

bool SeqListInsertPos(SeqList *plist, int pos, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsFull(plist) && !_Inc(plist, plist->capacity * 2))
	{
		printf("顺序表已满，%d不能在%d位置插入！\n", x, pos);
		return false;
	}
	if (pos<0 || pos>plist->size)
	{
		printf("位置%d非法，数据输入失败！\n", pos);
		return false;
	}
	for (size_t i = plist->size; i > pos; i--)
	{
		plist->base[i] = plist->base[i - 1];
	}
	plist->base[pos] = x;
	plist->size++;
	return true;
}
bool SeqListInsertVal(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsFull(plist) && !_Inc(plist, plist->capacity * 2))
	{
		printf("顺序表已满，%d插入失败！\n", x);
		return false;
	}
	size_t i = plist->size - 1;
	while (i >= 0 && x < plist->base[i])
	{
		plist->base[i + 1] = plist->base[i];
		i--;
	}
	plist->base[i + 1] = x;
	plist->size++;
}

（8）按位置、值删除元素

void SeqListErasePos(SeqList *plist, int pos)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，删除数据失败！\n");
	}
	if (pos<0 && pos>plist->size)
	{
		printf("位置非法，删除数据失败！\n");
	}
	for (size_t i = pos; i size; i++)
	{
		plist->base[i] = plist->base[i + 1];
	}
	plist->size--;
}
void SeqListEraseVal(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	int pos = SeqListFind(plist, x);
	if (pos == -1)
	{
		return;
	}
	SeqListErasePos(plist, pos);
}

 （9）查找

int SeqListFind(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	int pos = 0;
	while (pos < plist->size&&x != plist->base[pos])
	{
		pos++;
	}
	if (pos == plist->size)
	{
		pos = -1;
	}
	return pos;
}

（10） 求顺序表的长度和容量

int SeqListLength(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	return plist->size;
}
int SeqListCapacity(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	return plist->capacity;
}

（11） 顺序表逆置

void SeqListReverse(SeqList *plist)
{
	int start = 0;
	int end = plist->size;
	while (start < end)
	{
		Swap(&plist->base[start], &plist->base[end]);
		start++;
		end--;
	}
}

（12）顺序表清空

void SeqListClear(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	plist->size = 0;
}

 （13）顺序表排序

void SeqListSort(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < plist->size-1; i++)
	{
		for (size_t j = 0; j < plist->size - 1 - i; j++)
		{
			if (plist->base[j]>plist->base[j + i])
			{
				Swap(&plist->base[j], &plist->base[j + 1]);
			}
		}
	}
}

（14）取表头元素、取表尾元素

ElemType SeqListFront(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，取表头元素失败！\n");
		return;
	}
	return plist->base[0];
}
ElemType SeqListBack(SeqList *plist)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，取表尾元素失败！\n");
		return;
	}
	return plist->base[plist->size-1];
}

（15）二分查找

 

int SeqListBinary_find(SeqList *plist,ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
		return -1;
	int start = 0;
	int end = plist->size - 1;
	int mid;
	while (start < end)
	{
		mid = (start + end) / 2;
		if (x == plist->base[mid])
			return mid;
		else if (x < plist->base[mid])
			end = mid - 1;
		else
			start = mid + 1;
	}
	return -1;
}

 （16）删除等于给定值的所有元素

void SeqListErase_all(SeqList *plist, ElemType x)
{
	assert(plist != NULL);
	if (IsEmpty(plist))
	{
		printf("顺序表已空，删除失败！\n");
		return;
	}
	int count = 0;
	size_t start = 0;
	for (start = 0; start < plist->size; start++)
	{
		if (plist->base[start] != x)
		{
			plist->base[count] = plist->base[start];
			count++;
		}
	}
	plist->size = count;
}

2、main.c

#include"seqlist.h"

int main()
{
	SeqList list;
	SeqListInit(&list);

	ElemType item;
	int pos;
	bool flag;
	int select = 1;
	while (select)
	{
		printf("***************************************\n");
		printf("* [1] push_back       [2] push_front  *\n");
		printf("* [3] show_list       [0] quit_system *\n");
		printf("* [4] pop_back        [5] pop_front   *\n");
		printf("* [6] insert_pos      [7] insert_val  *\n");
		printf("* [8] erase_pos       [9] erase_val   *\n");
		printf("* [10] find           [11] length     *\n");
		printf("* [12] capacity       [13] sort       *\n");
		printf("* [14] reverse        [15] clear      *\n");
		printf("* [16] front          [17] back       *\n");
		printf("* [18] binary_find    [19] erase_all  *\n");
		printf("***************************************\n");
		printf("请选择:>");
		scanf("%d", &select);
		if (select == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		switch (select)
		{
		case 1:
			printf("请输入要插入的数据<以-1结束>:");
			while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1)
			{
				SeqListPushBack(&list, item);
			}
			printf("尾部插入数据成功！\n");
			break;
		case 2:
			printf("请输入要插入的数据<以-1结束>:");
			while (scanf("%d", &item), item != -1)
			{
				SeqListPushFront(&list, item);
			}
			printf("头部插入数据成功！\n");
			break;
		case 3:
			SeqListShow(&list);
			break;
		case 4:
			SeqListPopBack(&list);
			printf("尾部删除数据成功！\n");
			break;
		case 5:
			SeqListPopFront(&list);
			printf("头部删除数据成功！\n");
			break;
		case 6:
			printf("请输入要插入的位置:");
			scanf("%d", &pos);
			printf("请输入要插入的元素：");
			scanf("%d", &item);
			SeqListInsertPos(&list, pos, item);
			flag = SeqListInsertPos(&list, pos, item);
			if (flag)
			{
				printf("插入数据成功！\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf("插入数据失败！\n");
			}
			break;
		case 7:
			printf("请输入要插入的元素：");
			scanf("%d", &item);
			SeqListSort(&list);
			SeqListInsertVal(&list, item);
			if (flag)
			{
				printf("插入数据成功！\n");
			}
			else
			{
				printf("插入数据失败！\n");
			}
			break;
		case 8:
			printf("请输入要删除的位置：");
			scanf("%d", &pos);
			SeqListErasePos(&list, pos);
			printf("删除元素成功！\n");
			break;
		case 9:
			printf("请输入要删除的元素：");
			scanf("%d", &item);
			SeqListEraseVal(&list, item);
			printf("删除元素成功！\n");
			break;
		case 10:
			printf("请输入要查找的元素：");
			scanf("%d", &item);
			SeqListFind(&list, item);
			break;
		case 11:
			printf("SeqList length=%d\n", SeqListLength(&list));
			break;
		case 12:
			printf("SeqList capacity=%d\n", SeqListCapacity(&list));
			break;
		case 13:
			SeqListSort(&list);
			printf("顺序表排序成功！\n");
			break;
		case 14:
			SeqListReverse(&list);
			printf("顺序表转置完成！\n");
			break;
		case 15:
			SeqListClear(&list);
			break;
		case 16:
			printf("表头元素为%d\n", SeqListFront(&list));
			break;
		case 17:
			printf("表尾元素为%d\n", SeqListBack(&list));
			break;
		case 18:
			printf("找到了！%d\n", SeqListBinary_find(&list, item));
			break;
		case 19:
			printf("请输入要删除的元素：");
			scanf("%d", &item);
			SeqListErase_all(&list, item);
			printf("删除成功！\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入错误，请重新选择.......\n");
			break;
		}
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
	return 0;
}