FileInputStream 与 BufferedInputStream 效率对比

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【问题】

FileInputStream & FileOutputStream 和 BufferedInputStream & BufferedOutputStream 都能完成文件的读写。它们在原理上、时间效率上有什么不同,实际应用时应该如何选择呢?

【实验】

我们采用文件复制来做效率对比的实验。

在FileOperator类的copyWithFileStream方法实现了使用FileInputStream和FileOutputStream复制文件,copyWithBufferedStream方法实现了使用BufferedInputStream和BufferedOutputStream复制文件。

/* * Copyright (c) 2014 xxx.com. All Rights Reserved. */



package utils; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author ham.hog created on 2014 14-2-12 下午2:58 * @version 0 */

public class FileOperator { /** buffer size in bytes */

    final static int BUFFER_SIZE = 100; /** * copy file using FileInputStream & FileOutputStream * @param src copy from * @param dest copy to * @return; */

    public static void copyWithFileStream(File src, File dest){ FileInputStream input = null; FileOutputStream output = null; try { input = new FileInputStream(src); output = new FileOutputStream(dest); byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; int copySize; while ((copySize = input.read(buffer)) > 0){ output.write(buffer, 0, copySize); output.flush(); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { input.close(); output.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * copy file using BufferedInputStream & BufferedOutputStream * @param src copy from file * @param dest copy to file * @return; */

    public static void copyWithBufferedStream(File src, File dest){ BufferedInputStream bufferedInput = null; BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutput = null; try { bufferedInput = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(src)); bufferedOutput = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dest)); byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; int copySize; while ((copySize = bufferedInput.read(buffer)) > 0){ bufferedOutput.write(buffer, 0, copySize); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { bufferedInput.close(); bufferedOutput.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } class FileOperatorTest{ public static void main(String args[]){ File src = new File("test.txt"); File dest = new File("copyTest.txt"); try { if (!dest.exists()){ dest.createNewFile(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //test copy using FileStream

        int startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileOperator.copyWithFileStream(src, dest); int endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Copy file using FileStream takes : " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms."); //test copy using BufferedStream

 startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); FileOperator.copyWithBufferedStream(src, dest); endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("Copy file using BufferedStream takes : " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms."); } }

【运行结果】
测试文件大小约为900M,以下是在设定BUFFER_SIZE为不同值时的一次执行结果:

BUFFER_SIZE = 100
Copy file using FileStream takes: 42680 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 2407 ms.

BUFFER_SIZE = 8192
Copy file using FileStream takes: 1689 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 1654 ms.

BUFFER_SIZE = 1000000
Copy file using FileStream takes: 957 ms.
Copy file using BufferedStream takes: 929 ms.

 

【对时间效率差异的解释】
BufferedInputStream比FileInputStream多了一个缓冲区,执行read时先从缓冲区读取,当缓冲区数据读完时再把缓冲区填满。
因此,当每次读取的数据量很小时,FileInputStream每次都是从硬盘读入,而BufferedInputStream大部分是从缓冲区读入。读取内存速度比读取硬盘速度快得多,因此BufferedInputStream效率高。
BufferedInputStream的默认缓冲区大小是8192字节。当每次读取数据量接近或远超这个值时,两者效率就没有明显差别了。
BufferedOutputStream和FileOutputStream同理,差异更明显一些。

 

【结论】

一般情况下,我们应该优先选取BufferedInputStream&BufferedOutputStream。

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