java 实现区块链的密码学

java 实现区块链的密码学今天分享,首先区块链行业相关的密码学有几个思路,比如对称加解密、非对称加解密、数字签名算法、散列hash相关的SHA-256加解密、Merkle树相关算法等等。今天我们主要采用java语言分享非对称加密和数字签名。

1、相关jar等配置,配置JDK1.8版本加上下面的jar包

      
		    junit
		    junit
		    4.9
		    test
		 

2、生成公钥和私钥的伪代码:

 

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.Map;


  //核心方法
  private String publicKey;
	private String privateKey;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		Map keyMap = RSACoder.initKey();

		publicKey = RSACoder.getPublicKey(keyMap);
		privateKey = RSACoder.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
		System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);
		System.err.println("私钥: \n\r" + privateKey);
	}

3、非对称加密

原理图

java 实现区块链的密码学_第1张图片

 伪代码

    @Test
	public void testEncrypt() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
		String inputStr = "abc";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = RSACoder.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);

		byte[] decodedData = RSACoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData, privateKey);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

	}

4、数字签名

原理图

java 实现区块链的密码学_第2张图片

 伪代码

    @Test
	public void testSign() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
		String inputStr = "sign";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		// 产生签名
		String sign = RSACoder.sign(data, privateKey);
		System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);

		
		// 验证签名
		boolean status = RSACoder.verify(data, publicKey, sign);
		System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);
		assertTrue(status);

	}

5、通过的封装的工具类



import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

/**
 * RSA安全编码组件
 * 
 */
public abstract class RSACoder extends Coder {
	public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
	public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";

	private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";
	private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";

	/**
	 * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密数据
	 * @param privateKey
	 *            私钥
	 * 
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
		// 解密由base64编码的私钥
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

		// 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
		PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取私钥匙对象
		PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

		// 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initSign(priKey);
		signature.update(data);

		return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
	}

	/**
	 * 校验数字签名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 *            加密数据
	 * @param publicKey
	 *            公钥
	 * @param sign
	 *            数字签名
	 * 
	 * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
	 * @throws Exception
	 * 
	 */
	public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception {

		// 解密由base64编码的公钥
		byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

		// 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
		X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

		// KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
		KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);

		// 取公钥匙对象
		PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);

		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
		signature.initVerify(pubKey);
		signature.update(data);

		// 验证签名是否正常
		return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
	}

	/**
	 * 解密
* 用私钥解密 * * @param data * @param key * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { // 对密钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); // 取得私钥 PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); // 对数据解密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 解密
* 用公钥解密 * * @param data * @param key * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { // 对密钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); // 取得公钥 X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); // 对数据解密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 加密
* 用公钥加密 * * @param data * @param key * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { // 对公钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); // 取得公钥 X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 加密
* 用私钥加密 * * @param data * @param key * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { // 对密钥解密 byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(key); // 取得私钥 PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key privateKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey); return cipher.doFinal(data); } /** * 取得私钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); } /** * 取得公钥 * * @param keyMap * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY); return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String text = encryptBASE64("1".getBytes("UTF-8")); System.out.println(new String(decryptBASE64(text))); } /** * 初始化密钥 * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static Map initKey() throws Exception { KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); keyPairGen.initialize(1024); KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair(); // 公钥 RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); // 私钥 RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); Map keyMap = new HashMap(2); keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey); keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey); return keyMap; } }

6、测试数字签名,打印结果

java 实现区块链的密码学_第3张图片

7、对称加密原理

 8、hash加密原理

 java 实现区块链的密码学_第4张图片

  总结、一般情况下区块链是采用的数字签名加密算法,同时额外加一些参数,比如摘要等等。

到此、非对称加密和数字签名分享结束,下篇我们分享数字钱包的生成原理,敬请期待!

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