是 Java 和 .Net 编程环境中非常常用的设计模式。这种模式用于顺序访问集合对象的元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示。
迭代器模式属于行为型模式。
如果我们的集合元素是用不同的方式实现的,有数组,还有java 的集合类,或者还有其他方式,当客户端要遍历这些集合元素的时候就要使用多种遍历方式,而且还会暴露元素的内部结构,可以考虑使用迭代器模式解决。提供一种遍历集合元素的统一接口,用一致的方法遍历集合元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示,即:不暴露其内部的结构。.
在一个页面中展示出学校的院系组成,一个学校有多个学院,一个学院有多个系。
public class Department {
private String name;
private String desc;
public Department(String name, String desc) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
public String getDesc() { return desc; }
public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; }
}
public class ComputerCollegeIterator implements Iterator {
//这里我们需要Department 是以怎样的方式存放=>数组
Department[] departments;
int position = 0; //遍历的位置
public ComputerCollegeIterator(Department[] departments) { this.departments = departments; }
//判断是否还有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(position >= departments.length || departments[position] == null) {
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Department department = departments[position];
position += 1;
return department;
}
//删除的方法,默认空实现
public void remove() { }
}
public class InfoColleageIterator implements Iterator {
List<Department> departmentList; // 信息工程学院是以List方式存放系
int index = -1;//索引
public InfoColleageIterator(List<Department> departmentList) { this.departmentList = departmentList; }
//判断list中还有没有下一个元素
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(index >= departmentList.size() - 1) {
return false;
} else {
index += 1;
return true;
}
}
@Override
public Object next() {
return departmentList.get(index);
}
//空实现remove
public void remove() { }
}
public interface College {
public String getName();
//增加系的方法
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc);
//返回一个迭代器,遍历
public Iterator createIterator();
}
public class ComputerCollege implements College {
Department[] departments;
int numOfDepartment = 0 ;// 保存当前数组的对象个数
public ComputerCollege() {
departments = new Department[5];
addDepartment("Java专业", " Java专业 ");
addDepartment("PHP专业", " PHP专业 ");
addDepartment("大数据专业", " 大数据专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() { return "计算机学院"; }
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departments[numOfDepartment] = department;
numOfDepartment += 1;
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
return new ComputerCollegeIterator(departments);
}
}
public class InfoCollege implements College {
List<Department> departmentList;
public InfoCollege() {
departmentList = new ArrayList<Department>();
addDepartment("信息安全专业", " 信息安全专业 ");
addDepartment("网络安全专业", " 网络安全专业 ");
addDepartment("服务器安全专业", " 服务器安全专业 ");
}
@Override
public String getName() { return "信息工程学院"; }
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name, desc);
departmentList.add(department);
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() { return new InfoColleageIterator(departmentList); }
}
public class OutPutImpl {
//学院集合
List<College> collegeList;
public OutPutImpl(List<College> collegeList) {
this.collegeList = collegeList;
}
//遍历所有学院,然后调用printDepartment 输出各个学院的系
public void printCollege() {
//从collegeList 取出所有学院, Java 中的 List 已经实现Iterator
Iterator<College> iterator = collegeList.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
//取出一个学院
College college = iterator.next();
System.out.println("=== "+college.getName() +"=====" );
printDepartment(college.createIterator()); //得到对应迭代器
}
}
//输出 学院输出 系
public void printDepartment(Iterator iterator) {
while(iterator.hasNext()) {
Department d = (Department)iterator.next();
System.out.println(d.getName());
}
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建学院
List<College> collegeList = new ArrayList<College>();
ComputerCollege computerCollege = new ComputerCollege();
InfoCollege infoCollege = new InfoCollege();
collegeList.add(computerCollege);
//collegeList.add(infoCollege);
OutPutImpl outPutImpl = new OutPutImpl(collegeList);
outPutImpl.printCollege();
}
}
public class IteratorDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> a = new ArrayList<>();
a.add("jack");// ..
// 获取到迭代器
Iterator Itr = a.iterator();
while (Itr.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(Itr.next());
}
}
}
public interface List<E> extends Collection<E> {
Iterator<E> iterator();
}
内部类Itr实现了Iterator接口,是具体的接口实现类。
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return new Itr();
}
/**
* An optimized version of AbstractList.Itr
*/
private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
int cursor; // index of next element to return
int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
int expectedModCount = modCount;
public boolean hasNext() {
return cursor != size;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
int i = cursor;
if (i >= size)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
if (i >= elementData.length)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
cursor = i + 1;
return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
}
}
优点
缺点