Socket API: I/O函数recvmsg()与sendmsg()

转自: https://memorymyann.iteye.com/blog/648513
作者: memorymyann

以下为正文


17.I/O函数recvmsg与sendmsg

博客分类:

  • 网络 / Socket / 数据结构 / .net

相对于recv()~send()等IO函数,recvmsg()与sendmsg()功能更为强大,当然用起来也更为复杂。

#include "sys/socket.h"

ssize_t recvmsg(int sockfd,  struct msghdr * msg, int flags);

ssize_t sendmsg(int sockfd,  struct msghdr * msg, int flags);

成功时候返回读写字节数,出错时候返回-1.

这2个函数只用于套接口,不能用于普通的I/O读写,参数sockfd则是指明要读写的套接口。

flags用于传入控制信息,一般包括以下几个

MSG_DONTROUTE             send可用

MSG_DONWAIT                 send与recv都可用

MSG_PEEK                        recv可用

MSG_WAITALL                   recv可用

MSG_OOB                         send可用

MSG_EOR                  send recv都可用

返回信息都记录在struct msghdr * msg中。

struct msghdr {
       void * msg_name;//协议地址和套接口信息,在非连接的UDP中,发送者要指定对方地址端口,接受方用于的到数据来源,如果不需要的话可以设置为NULL(在TCP或者连接的UDP中,一般设置为NULL)。
        socklen_t msg_namelen;//上面的长度
        struct iovec * msg_iov;
        ssize_t msg_iovlen;//和readv和writev一样
        void * msg_control;
        socklen_t msg_controllen;
        int msg_flags; //用于返回之前flags的控制信息
}

样例1,在TCP中使用 sendmsg与recvmsg

服务器


#define MAXSIZE 100

int main(int argc, char ** argu) {
        .......

        struct msghdr msg;//初始化struct msghdr
        msg.msg_name = NULL; //在tcp中,可以设置为NULL
        struct iovec io;//初始化返回数据
        io.iov_base = buf; //只用了一个缓冲区
        io.iov_len = MAXSIZE; //定义返回数据长度
        msg.msg_iov = &io;
        msg.msg_iovlen = 1;//只用了一个缓冲区,所以长度为1

        ...................
        ssize_t recv_size = recvmsg(connfd, &msg, 0);
        char * temp = msg.msg_iov[0].iov_base;//获取得到的数据
        temp[recv_size] = '\0';//为数据末尾添加结束符
        printf("get message:%s", temp);
        ..........................
}

客户端

#define MAXSIZE 100

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        .................
        struct msghdr msg;//初始化发送信息
        msg.msg_name = NULL;
        struct iovec io;
        io.iov_base = send_buff;
        io.iov_len = sizeof(send_buff);
        msg.msg_iov = &io;
        msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

        if(argc != 2) {
                printf("please input port");
                exit(1);
        }
        ............
        ssize_t size = sendmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
        close(sockfd);
        exit(0);
}

这里控制信息都设置成0,主要是初始化返回信息struct msghdr结构。关于struct iovec这个数据结构,上一篇readv与writev有介绍。

未连接的UDP套接口

服务器

//#include "/programe/net/head.h"

#include 
#include 
#include 

//仅支持Linux(POSIX)
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define MAXSIZE 100

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        int sockfd;
        struct sockaddr_in serv_socket;
        struct sockaddr_in  * client_socket = (struct sockaddr_in *) malloc (sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
        char buf[MAXSIZE + 1];

        sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        bzero(&serv_socket, sizeof(serv_socket));
        serv_socket.sin_family = AF_INET;
        serv_socket.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
        serv_socket.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
        bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_socket, sizeof(serv_socket));

        struct msghdr msg;
        msg.msg_name = client_socket;

        //如果想得到对方的地址和端口,一定要把初始化完毕的内存头指针放入msg之中
        msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);//长度也要指定
        struct iovec io;
        io.iov_base = buf;
        io.iov_len = MAXSIZE;
        msg.msg_iov = &io;
        msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

        ssize_t len = recvmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
        client_socket = (struct sockaddr_in *)msg.msg_name;
        char ip[16];
        inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(client_socket->sin_addr), ip, sizeof(ip));
        int port = ntohs(client_socket->sin_port);
        char * temp = msg.msg_iov[0].iov_base;
        temp[len] = '\0';
        printf("get message from %s[%d]: %s\n", ip, port, temp);
        close(sockfd);
}

客户端

//#include "/programe/net/head.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "sys/select.h"

#define MAXSIZE 100

int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        int sockfd;
        struct sockaddr_in serv_socket;
        int maxfdpl;
        char send[] = "hello yuna";
        if(argc != 2) {
                printf("please input port");
                exit(1);
        }

        sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        bzero(&serv_socket, sizeof(serv_socket));
        serv_socket.sin_family = AF_INET;
        serv_socket.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
        inet_pton(AF_INET, "192.168.1.235", &serv_socket.sin_addr);

        struct msghdr msg;
        msg.msg_name = &serv_socket;
        msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        struct iovec io;
        io.iov_base = send;
        io.iov_len = sizeof(send);
        msg.msg_iov = &io;
        msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

        ssize_t send_size = sendmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
        close(sockfd);
        exit(0);
}

转自: https://memorymyann.iteye.com/blog/648513
作者: memorymyann

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