参考博客:https://blog.csdn.net/DroidPhone/article/details/7231605
(以下内容皆为原博客转载)
ASoC把声卡注册为Platform Device,我们以装配有WM8994的一款Samsung的开发板SMDK为例子做说明,WM8994是一颗Wolfson生产的多功能Codec芯片。
代码的位于:/sound/soc/samsung/smdk_wm8994.c,我们关注模块的初始化函数:
static int __init smdk_audio_init(void)
{
int ret;
smdk_snd_device = platform_device_alloc("soc-audio", -1);
if (!smdk_snd_device)
return -ENOMEM;
platform_set_drvdata(smdk_snd_device, &smdk);
ret = platform_device_add(smdk_snd_device);
if (ret)
platform_device_put(smdk_snd_device);
return ret;
}
由此可见,模块初始化时,注册了一个名为soc-audio的Platform设备,同时把smdk设到platform_device结构的dev.drvdata字段中,这里引出了第一个数据结构snd_soc_card的实例smdk,他的定义如下:
static struct snd_soc_dai_link smdk_dai[] = {
{ /* Primary DAI i/f */
.name = "WM8994 AIF1",
.stream_name = "Pri_Dai",
.cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s.0",
.codec_dai_name = "wm8994-aif1",
.platform_name = "samsung-audio",
.codec_name = "wm8994-codec",
.init = smdk_wm8994_init_paiftx,
.ops = &smdk_ops,
}, { /* Sec_Fifo Playback i/f */
.name = "Sec_FIFO TX",
.stream_name = "Sec_Dai",
.cpu_dai_name = "samsung-i2s.4",
.codec_dai_name = "wm8994-aif1",
.platform_name = "samsung-audio",
.codec_name = "wm8994-codec",
.ops = &smdk_ops,
},
};
static struct snd_soc_card smdk = {
.name = "SMDK-I2S",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.dai_link = smdk_dai,
.num_links = ARRAY_SIZE(smdk_dai),
};
通过snd_soc_card结构,又引出了Machine驱动的另外两个个数据结构:
snd_soc_dai_link(实例:smdk_dai[] )
snd_soc_ops(实例:smdk_ops )
其中,snd_soc_dai_link中,指定了Platform、Codec、codec_dai、cpu_dai的名字,稍后Machine驱动将会利用这些名字去匹配已经在系统中注册的platform,codec,dai,这些注册的部件都是在另外相应的Platform驱动和Codec驱动的代码文件中定义的,这样看来,Machine驱动的设备初始化代码无非就是选择合适Platform和Codec以及dai,用他们填充以上几个数据结构,然后注册Platform设备即可。当然还要实现连接Platform和Codec的dai_link对应的ops实现,本例就是smdk_ops,它只实现了hw_params函数:smdk_hw_params
按照Linux的设备模型,有platform_device,就一定会有platform_driver。ASoC的platform_driver在以下文件中定义:sound/soc/soc-core.c。
还是先从模块的入口看起:
static int __init snd_soc_init(void)
{
......
return platform_driver_register(&soc_driver);
}
soc_driver的定义如下:
/* ASoC platform driver */
static struct platform_driver soc_driver = {
.driver = {
.name = "soc-audio",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.pm = &soc_pm_ops,
},
.probe = soc_probe,
.remove = soc_remove,
};
我们看到platform_driver的name字段为soc-audio,正好与platform_device中的名字相同,按照Linux的设备模型,platform总线会匹配这两个名字相同的device和driver,同时会触发soc_probe的调用,它正是整个ASoC驱动初始化的入口。
soc_probe函数本身很简单,它先从platform_device参数中取出snd_soc_card,然后调用snd_soc_register_card,通过snd_soc_register_card,为snd_soc_pcm_runtime数组申请内存,每一个dai_link对应snd_soc_pcm_runtime数组的一个单元,然后把snd_soc_card中的dai_link配置复制到相应的snd_soc_pcm_runtime中,最后,大部分的工作都在snd_soc_instantiate_card中实现,下面就看看snd_soc_instantiate_card做了些什么:
该函数首先利用card->instantiated来判断该卡是否已经实例化,如果已经实例化则直接返回,否则遍历每一对dai_link,进行codec、platform、dai的绑定工作,下只是代码的部分选节,详细的代码请直接参考完整的代码树。
/* bind DAIs */
for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++)
soc_bind_dai_link(card, i);
ASoC定义了三个全局的链表头变量:codec_list、dai_list、platform_list,系统中所有的Codec、DAI、Platform都在注册时连接到这三个全局链表上。soc_bind_dai_link函数逐个扫描这三个链表,根据card->dai_link[]中的名称进行匹配,匹配后把相应的codec,dai和platform实例赋值到card->rtd[]中(snd_soc_pcm_runtime)。经过这个过程后,snd_soc_pcm_runtime:(card->rtd)中保存了本Machine中使用的Codec,DAI和Platform驱动的信息。
snd_soc_instantiate_card接着初始化Codec的寄存器缓存,然后调用标准的alsa函数创建声卡实例:
/* card bind complete so register a sound card */
ret = snd_card_create(SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
card->owner, 0, &card->snd_card);
card->snd_card->dev = card->dev;
card->dapm.bias_level = SND_SOC_BIAS_OFF;
card->dapm.dev = card->dev;
card->dapm.card = card;
list_add(&card->dapm.list, &card->dapm_list);
然后,依次调用各个子结构的probe函数:
/* initialise the sound card only once */
if (card->probe) {
ret = card->probe(card);
if (ret < 0)
goto card_probe_error;
}
/* early DAI link probe */
for (order = SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_FIRST; order <= SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST;
order++) {
for (i = 0; i < card->num_links; i++) {
ret = soc_probe_dai_link(card, i, order);
if (ret < 0) {
pr_err("asoc: failed to instantiate card %s: %d\n",
card->name, ret);
goto probe_dai_err;
}
}
}
for (i = 0; i < card->num_aux_devs; i++) {
ret = soc_probe_aux_dev(card, i);
if (ret < 0) {
pr_err("asoc: failed to add auxiliary devices %s: %d\n",
card->name, ret);
goto probe_aux_dev_err;
}
}
在上面的soc_probe_dai_link()函数中做了比较多的事情,把他展开继续讨论:
static int soc_probe_dai_link(struct snd_soc_card *card, int num, int order)
{
......
/* set default power off timeout */
rtd->pmdown_time = pmdown_time;
/* probe the cpu_dai */
if (!cpu_dai->probed &&
cpu_dai->driver->probe_order == order) {
if (cpu_dai->driver->probe) {
ret = cpu_dai->driver->probe(cpu_dai);
}
cpu_dai->probed = 1;
/* mark cpu_dai as probed and add to card dai list */
list_add(&cpu_dai->card_list, &card->dai_dev_list);
}
/* probe the CODEC */
if (!codec->probed &&
codec->driver->probe_order == order) {
ret = soc_probe_codec(card, codec);
}
/* probe the platform */
if (!platform->probed &&
platform->driver->probe_order == order) {
ret = soc_probe_platform(card, platform);
}
/* probe the CODEC DAI */
if (!codec_dai->probed && codec_dai->driver->probe_order == order) {
if (codec_dai->driver->probe) {
ret = codec_dai->driver->probe(codec_dai);
}
/* mark codec_dai as probed and add to card dai list */
codec_dai->probed = 1;
list_add(&codec_dai->card_list, &card->dai_dev_list);
}
/* complete DAI probe during last probe */
if (order != SND_SOC_COMP_ORDER_LAST)
return 0;
ret = soc_post_component_init(card, codec, num, 0);
if (ret)
return ret;
......
/* create the pcm */
ret = soc_new_pcm(rtd, num);
........
return 0;
}
该函数出了挨个调用了codec,dai和platform驱动的probe函数外,在最后还调用了soc_new_pcm()函数用于创建标准alsa驱动的pcm逻辑设备。现在把该函数的部分代码也贴出来:
/* create a new pcm */
int soc_new_pcm(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, int num)
{
......
struct snd_pcm_ops *soc_pcm_ops = &rtd->ops;
soc_pcm_ops->open = soc_pcm_open;
soc_pcm_ops->close = soc_pcm_close;
soc_pcm_ops->hw_params = soc_pcm_hw_params;
soc_pcm_ops->hw_free = soc_pcm_hw_free;
soc_pcm_ops->prepare = soc_pcm_prepare;
soc_pcm_ops->trigger = soc_pcm_trigger;
soc_pcm_ops->pointer = soc_pcm_pointer;
ret = snd_pcm_new(rtd->card->snd_card, new_name,
num, playback, capture, &pcm);
/* DAPM dai link stream work */
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&rtd->delayed_work, close_delayed_work);
rtd->pcm = pcm;
pcm->private_data = rtd;
if (platform->driver->ops) {
soc_pcm_ops->mmap = platform->driver->ops->mmap;
soc_pcm_ops->pointer = platform->driver->ops->pointer;
soc_pcm_ops->ioctl = platform->driver->ops->ioctl;
soc_pcm_ops->copy = platform->driver->ops->copy;
soc_pcm_ops->silence = platform->driver->ops->silence;
soc_pcm_ops->ack = platform->driver->ops->ack;
soc_pcm_ops->page = platform->driver->ops->page;
}
if (playback)
snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, soc_pcm_ops);
if (capture)
snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, soc_pcm_ops);
if (platform->driver->pcm_new) {
ret = platform->driver->pcm_new(rtd);
if (ret < 0) {
pr_err("asoc: platform pcm constructor failed\n");
return ret;
}
}
pcm->private_free = platform->driver->pcm_free;
return ret;
}
该函数首先初始化snd_soc_runtime中的snd_pcm_ops字段,也就是rtd->ops中的部分成员,例如open,close,hw_params等,紧接着调用标准alsa驱动中的创建pcm的函数snd_pcm_new()创建声卡的pcm实例,pcm的private_data字段设置为该runtime变量rtd,然后用platform驱动中的snd_pcm_ops替换部分pcm中的snd_pcm_ops字段,最后,调用platform驱动的pcm_new回调,该回调实现该platform下的dma内存申请和dma初始化等相关工作。到这里,声卡和他的pcm实例创建完成。
回到snd_soc_instantiate_card函数,完成snd_card和snd_pcm的创建后,接着对dapm和dai支持的格式做出一些初始化合设置工作后,调用了 card->late_probe(card)进行一些最后的初始化合设置工作,最后则是调用标准alsa驱动的声卡注册函数对声卡进行注册:
if (card->late_probe) {
ret = card->late_probe(card);
if (ret < 0) {
dev_err(card->dev, "%s late_probe() failed: %d\n",
card->name, ret);
goto probe_aux_dev_err;
}
}
snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(&card->dapm);
if (card->fully_routed)
list_for_each_entry(codec, &card->codec_dev_list, card_list)
snd_soc_dapm_auto_nc_codec_pins(codec);
ret = snd_card_register(card->snd_card);
if (ret < 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "asoc: failed to register soundcard for %s\n", card->name);
goto probe_aux_dev_err;
}
至此,整个Machine驱动的初始化已经完成,通过各个子结构的probe调用,实际上,也完成了部分Platfrom驱动和Codec驱动的初始化工作,整个过程可以用一下的序列图表示:
基于3.0内核 soc_probe序列图
基于2.6.35 soc_probe序列图