【计算机组成原理】计算机系统概论 常用计算机术语英文缩写汇总

集成电路

  • 小规模集成电路 (SSIC):Small Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 中规模集成电路 (MSIC):Medium Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 大规模集成电路 (LSIC):Large Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 超大规模集成电路 (VLSIC):Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 特大规模集成电路 (ULSIC):Ultra Large Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 巨大规模集成电路 (GSIC):Giga Scale Integrated Circuits
  • 专用集成电路 (ASIC):Application Specific Integrated Circuits

计算机组成

  • 中央处理器(CPU):Central Processing Unit
  • 算数逻辑部件(ALU):Arithmetic Logic Unit
  • 浮点运算器(FPU):Float Point Unit
  • 控制部件(CU):Control Unit
  • 通用寄存器(GPR):General Purpose Register
  • 指令寄存器(IR):Instruction Register
  • 程序计数器(PC):Program Counter
  • 主存地址寄存器(MAR):Memory Address Register
  • 主存数据寄存器(MDR):Memory Data Register
  • 指令译码器(ID):Instruction Decoder

计算机系统层次结构

  • 指令集体系结构(ISA):Instruction Set Architecture
  • 应用程序编程接口(API):Application Programming Interface
  • 应用程序二进制接口(ABI):Application Binary Interface
  • 集成开发环境(IDE):Integrated Development Interface

计算机系统性能评价

  • 执行一条指令所需时钟周期数(CPI):Cycles Per Instruction
  • 每秒执行百万条指令(MIPS):Million Instruction Per Second
  • 每秒执行百万次浮点操作(MFLOPS):Million FLoating-point Operations Per Second

计算机指令集

  • 复杂指令集计算机(CISC):Complex Instruction Set Computer
  • 精简指令集计算机(RISC):Reduced Instruction Set Computer

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