这里主要是对日期计算器的实现,实现的同时,复习之前学过的四大默认函数,并且加深对运算符重载的认识和使用。
在日常的生活中,日期对于我们是必不可少的。比如离过年还有多少天,前一周是几月几号。所以日期计算器就变的尤为重要。所以我们今天要来实现一个日期计算器。
方法:通过自定义一个日期类来实现日期计算器。
1.我们要定义的日期类,包括了成员变量,成员函数的声明和定义。(声明在头文件中,定义在源文件中)
2.实现成员函数
3.对成员函数进行测试
先给日期类的声明给大家看看:
#pragma once
#include
using namespace std;
//获取每个月的天数
int GetMonthDay(int year, int month);
class Date
{
//自己实现对象的cout
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
//自己实现对象的cin
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);
public:
//构造函数
Date(int year = 1, int month = 1, int day = 1);
//拷贝函数
Date(const Date& d);
//析构函数
~Date();
//日期的打印
void DatePrint();
//日期的比较
bool operator>(const Date& d);
bool operator==(const Date& d);
bool operator<(const Date& d);
bool operator>=(const Date& d);
bool operator<=(const Date& d);
bool operator!=(const Date& d);
//单个日期的运算
Date operator+(int day);
Date operator-(int day);
Date& operator+=(int day);
Date& operator-=(int day);
//日期的自增和自减
//前置++
Date& operator++();
//后置++
Date operator++(int);
//前置--
Date& operator--();
//后置--
Date operator--(int);
//日期和日期相减
int operator-(const Date& d);
//获取当天的星期
void GetWeekendDay();
private:
int _year;
int _month;
int _day;
};
//自己实现对象的cout
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Date& d);
//自己实现对象的cin
istream& operator>>(istream& in,Date& d);
这里自己写的cout和cin大家不明白为什么要在类里面和外面定义的话,大家可以去了解一下友元函数。
Date::Date(int year , int month , int day )
{
_year = year;
_month = month;
_day = day;
}
Date::Date(const Date& d)
{
_year = d._year;
_month = d._month;
_day = d._day;
}
Date::~Date()
{
_year = 0;
_month = 0;
_day = 0;
}
上面的几个函数都是默认函数,对于日期类来说大家不是实现也没什么影响,因为编译器自己实现的就够用来,但对于栈、队列这些,就不一定了。具体想要了解可以看我之前的文章。
int GetMonthDay(int year, int month)
{
int a[13] = { 0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
int day = a[month];
//判断是否是闰年
if (month == 2 && ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0))
{
day++;//进来了就说明是闰年的二月份有29天所以要++
}
return day;
}
void Date::DatePrint()
{
cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
}
因为每个月的天数都不同,闰年和平年也会有些不同,所以需要写个函数来获取每月的天数。
bool Date::operator>(const Date& d)
{
if (_year > d._year)
{
return true;
}
else if (_year == d._year)
{
if (_month > d._month)
{
return true;
}
else if(_month == d._month)
{
if (_day > d._day)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool Date::operator==(const Date& d)
{
return _year == d._year && _month == d._month && _day == d._day;
}
bool Date::operator<(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this > d || *this == d);
}
bool Date::operator>=(const Date& d)
{
return *this > d || *this == d;
}
bool Date::operator<=(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this > d);
}
bool Date::operator!=(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this == d);
}
这里只要实现>或者<和==就可以了,因为其它的逻辑和前两函数一样所以可以复用这两函数来实现。
Date Date::operator+(int day)
{
Date ret = *this;
if (day < 0)
{
ret -= -day;
}
else
{
ret._day += day;
while (ret._day > GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month))
{
ret._day -= GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
ret._month++;
if (ret._month > 12)
{
ret._month = 1;
ret._year++;
}
}
}
return ret;
}
Date Date::operator-(int day)
{
Date ret = *this;
if (day < 0)
{
ret += -day;
}
else
{
ret._day -= day;
//ret._day += 1;
while (ret._day < 0)
{
if (ret._month == 1)
{
ret._month = 12;
ret._year--;
ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
}
else
{
ret._month--;
ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
}
}
}
return ret;
}
Date& Date::operator+=(int day)
{
* this = *this + day;
return *this;
}
Date& Date::operator-=(int day)
{
*this = *this - day;
return *this;
}
这里日期的+和-思路
主要是:
1.先再_day上面操作,+就把要加的天数全家到_day上,-就把要减的天数全减到_day上。
2.再对_month和_day进行操作,_day+(-)每个月的天数,_month+(-)
3.再判断_dayh和_month是否在正常范围内,_month不在正常范围内就对_year+(-),再把_month置为正常值(循环进行,直到_day为正常值为止)
4.最后返回计算好的日期
其它都是复用。
Date& Date::operator++()
{
*this = *this + 1;
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator++(int)
{
Date ret = *this;
*this = *this + 1;
return ret;
}
Date& Date::operator--()
{
*this = *this - 1;
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator--(int)
{
Date ret = *this;
*this = *this - 1;
return ret;
}
int Date::operator-(const Date& d)
{
Date max = *this;
Date min = d;
if (max < min)
{
max = d;
min = *this;
}
int count = 0;
while (min!=max)
{
count++;
min++;
}
return count;
}
这里没什么新奇的,就是对之前实现过的函数进行复用。
这里计算两个日期之间差多少的实现就比较暴力,用count计数,直到从小的日期加到和大的日期相等为止。
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)
{
out << d._year << "-" << d._month << "-" << d._day << endl;
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in,Date& d)
{
int year = 0;
int month = 0;
int day = 0;
cin >> year>> month >> day;
d._year = year;
d._month = month;
d._day = day;
return cin;
}
void Date::GetWeekendDay()
{
const char* weekday[] = { "星期一","星期二" ,"星期三" ,"星期四" ,
"星期五" ,"星期六" ,"星期日" };
int count = *this - Date(1,1,1);
cout << weekday[count % 7] << endl;
}
以公元元年(星期一)为基准,计数公元元年到要计数日期相差的天数,然后%7。
#pragma once
#include
using namespace std;
int GetMonthDay(int year, int month);
class Date
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d);
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Date& d);
public:
Date(int year = 1, int month = 1, int day = 1);
Date(const Date& d);
~Date();
void DatePrint();
bool operator>(const Date& d);
bool operator==(const Date& d);
bool operator<(const Date& d);
bool operator>=(const Date& d);
bool operator<=(const Date& d);
bool operator!=(const Date& d);
Date operator+(int day);
Date operator-(int day);
Date& operator+=(int day);
Date& operator-=(int day);
Date& operator++();
Date operator++(int);
Date& operator--();
Date operator--(int);
int operator-(const Date& d);
void GetWeekendDay();
private:
int _year;
int _month;
int _day;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,const Date& d);
istream& operator>>(istream& in,Date& d);
#include "Date.h"
int GetMonthDay(int year, int month)
{
int a[13] = { 0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
int day = a[month];
if (month == 2 && ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0))
{
day++;
}
return day;
}
Date::Date(int year , int month , int day )
{
_year = year;
_month = month;
_day = day;
}
Date::Date(const Date& d)
{
_year = d._year;
_month = d._month;
_day = d._day;
}
Date::~Date()
{
_year = 0;
_month = 0;
_day = 0;
}
void Date::DatePrint()
{
cout << _year << "-" << _month << "-" << _day << endl;
}
bool Date::operator>(const Date& d)
{
if (_year > d._year)
{
return true;
}
else if (_year == d._year)
{
if (_month > d._month)
{
return true;
}
else if(_month == d._month)
{
if (_day > d._day)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
bool Date::operator==(const Date& d)
{
return _year == d._year && _month == d._month && _day == d._day;
}
bool Date::operator<(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this > d || *this == d);
}
bool Date::operator>=(const Date& d)
{
return *this > d || *this == d;
}
bool Date::operator<=(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this > d);
}
bool Date::operator!=(const Date& d)
{
return !(*this == d);
}
Date Date::operator+(int day)
{
Date ret = *this;
if (day < 0)
{
ret -= -day;
}
else
{
ret._day += day;
while (ret._day > GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month))
{
ret._day -= GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
ret._month++;
if (ret._month > 12)
{
ret._month = 1;
ret._year++;
}
}
}
return ret;
}
Date Date::operator-(int day)
{
Date ret = *this;
if (day < 0)
{
ret += -day;
}
else
{
ret._day -= day;
//ret._day += 1;
while (ret._day < 0)
{
fail code
//ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
//ret._month--;
//if (ret._month < 1)
//{
// ret._month = 12;
// ret._year--;
//}
correct code after revision
//ret._month--;
//if (ret._month < 1)
//{
// ret._month = 12;
// ret._year--;
//}
//ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
//others people wrote correct code
if (ret._month == 1)
{
ret._month = 12;
ret._year--;
ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
}
else
{
ret._month--;
ret._day += GetMonthDay(ret._year, ret._month);
}
}
}
return ret;
}
Date& Date::operator+=(int day)
{
/*_day += day;
while (_day > GetMonthDay(_year, _month))
{
_day -= GetMonthDay(_year, _month);
_month++;
if (_month > 12)
{
_month = 1;
_year++;
}
}*/
* this = *this + day;
return *this;
}
Date& Date::operator-=(int day)
{
*this = *this - day;
return *this;
}
Date& Date::operator++()
{
*this = *this + 1;
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator++(int)
{
Date ret = *this;
*this = *this + 1;
return ret;
}
Date& Date::operator--()
{
*this = *this - 1;
return *this;
}
Date Date::operator--(int)
{
Date ret = *this;
*this = *this - 1;
return ret;
}
int Date::operator-(const Date& d)
{
Date max = *this;
Date min = d;
if (max < min)
{
max = d;
min = *this;
}
int count = 0;
while (min!=max)
{
count++;
min++;
}
return count;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Date& d)
{
out << d._year << "-" << d._month << "-" << d._day << endl;
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in,Date& d)
{
int year = 0;
int month = 0;
int day = 0;
cin >> year>> month >> day;
d._year = year;
d._month = month;
d._day = day;
return cin;
}
void Date::GetWeekendDay()
{
const char* weekday[] = { "星期一","星期二" ,"星期三" ,"星期四" ,
"星期五" ,"星期六" ,"星期日" };
int count = *this - Date(1,1,1);
cout << weekday[count % 7] << endl;
}
#include "Date.h"
void TestDate1()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 24);
Date d2(2022, 10, 23);
Date d3(2022, 10, 24);
cout << "d1:";
d1.DatePrint();
cout << "d2:";
d2.DatePrint();
cout << "d3:";
d3.DatePrint();
cout << "Test>" << endl;
cout << (d2>d1) << endl;
cout << (d1 > d2) << endl << endl;
cout << "Test==" << endl;
cout << (d1 == d2) << endl;
cout << (d1 == d3) << endl << endl;
cout << "Test<" << endl;
cout << (d1 < d3) << endl;
cout << (d2 < d1) << endl << endl;
cout << "Test>=" << endl;
cout << (d1 >= d3) << endl;
cout << (d2 >= d1) << endl << endl;
cout << "Test<=" << endl;
cout << (d1 <= d3) << endl;
cout << (d2 <= d1) << endl << endl;
cout << "Test!=" << endl;
cout << (d1 != d3) << endl;
cout << (d2 != d1) << endl << endl;
}
void TestDate2()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 24);
cout << "Test+" << endl;
Date ret1 = d1 + 4;
ret1.DatePrint();
Date ret2 = d1 + 30;
ret2.DatePrint();
Date ret3 = d1 + 150;
ret3.DatePrint();
Date ret4 = d1 + 365;
ret4.DatePrint();
Date ret5 = d1 + 1500;
ret5.DatePrint();
cout << "Test-" << endl;
Date ret6 = d1 - 4;
ret6.DatePrint();
Date ret7 = d1 - 1500;
ret7.DatePrint();
cout << "Test+=" << endl;
d1 += 1500;
d1.DatePrint();
cout << "Test-=" << endl;
d1 -= 1500;
d1.DatePrint();
}
void TestDate3()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 24);
cout << "Testprev++" << endl;
Date ret1 = ++d1;
ret1.DatePrint();
cout << "Testafter++" << endl;
Date ret2 = d1++;
ret2.DatePrint();
d1.DatePrint();
cout << "Testprev--" << endl;
Date ret3 = --d1;
ret3.DatePrint();
cout << "Testafter--" << endl;
Date ret4 = d1--;
ret4.DatePrint();
d1.DatePrint();
}
void TestDate4()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 23);
Date d2(2022, 10, 24);
cout << "Test Date - Date " << endl;
cout << (d1 - d2) << endl;
Date d3(1, 1, 1);
cout << "Test Date - Date " << endl;
cout << (d1 - d3) << endl;
Date d4(1901, 1, 1);
cout << "Test Date - Date " << endl;
cout << (d1 - d4) << endl;
}
void TestDate5()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 24);
Date d3(2012, 12, 31);
//Date d2;
//d1 << cout;
//cout << d1;
//cin >> d2;
//d2.DatePrint();
d1.GetWeekendDay();
d3.GetWeekendDay();
}
void TestDate6()
{
Date d1(2022, 10, 24);
cout << "Test + " << endl;
cout << (d1 + (-100));
cout << "Test - " << endl;
cout << (d1 - (-100));
}
int main()
{
//TestDate1();
//TestDate2();
//TestDate3();
TestDate4();
//TestDate5();
//TestDate6();
return 0;
}