目录
一、循环单链表
1、循环单链表的定义:
2、循环单链表的优缺点:
二、循环单链表的基本操作算法(C语言)
1、宏定义
2、创建结构体
3、循环单链表的初始化
4、循环单链表的插入
5、求单链表长度
6、循环单链表的清空
7、循环单链表的销毁
8、循环单链表的取值
9、循环单链表的查找
10、循环单链表的删除
11、头插法创建循环链表
12、尾插法创建循环链表
13、输出链表元素
三、循环单链表的基本操作完整代码(C语言)
四、运行结果
循环单链表是一种特殊类型的单链表,其特点是链表的最后一个结点的指针域指向整个链表的第一个结点,从而形成一个环状结构。
这种数据结构可以用来存储有序的数据集合,其插入和删除操作可以在平均时间复杂度O(1)内完成,这是其相比单链表的一大优势。循环单链表的操作一般更复杂,因为需要维护环状的结构,并保证对链表的操作满足时间复杂度的要求。
优点:
缺点:
#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
typedef char ElemType;
typedef int Status;
typedef struct LNode {
ElemType data;
struct LNode *next;
} LNode, *LinkList;
//循环链表初始化
Status InitList(LinkList &head) {
head = new LNode;
//head->next=NULL;
head->next = head;
return OK;
}
//插入
Status ListInsert(LinkList &head, int i, ElemType e) {
LinkList p = head;
int j = 0;
while (p && (j < i - 1)) {
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (!p || j > i - 1) {
return ERROR;
}
LNode *s = new LNode;
s->data = e;
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
return OK;
}
//求单链表长度
Status GetLinkListLength(LinkList head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int length = 0;
while (p != head) { //p!=NULL //单链表不为空表时
length++;
p = p->next;
}
return length;
}
//清空
Status ClearLinkList(LinkList &head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
LinkList q;
while (p != head) { //p != L p!=NULL
q = p;
p = p->next;
delete q;
}
head->next = head; //链表为空
return OK;
}
//销毁
Status DestoryLinkList(LinkList &head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
LinkList q;
while (p != head) { //p != L p!=NULL
q = p;
p = p->next;
delete q;
}
head->next = NULL;
// printf("\n销毁成功\n");
return OK;
}
//取值
Status GetLinkList(LinkList head, int i, ElemType &e) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int j = 1;
while (p != head && j < i) { //p != L
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p == head) {//p==L
return ERROR;
}
e = p->data;
return OK;
}
//查找
int LocateLinkListElem(LinkList head, ElemType e) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int j = 1;
while (p != head && (p->data != e)) {//p != L p!=NULL
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p == head) { //p==L !p<=>p==NULL
return 0;
}
return j;
}
//删除
Status ListDelete(LinkList &head, int i, ElemType &e) {
LinkList p = head;
int j = 0;
while (p->next != head && j < i - 1) { //p != L
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p->next == head) { //p==L
return ERROR;
}
LinkList q = p->next;
e = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
delete q;
return OK;
}
//头插法创建循环链表
void CreateLinkList_H(LinkList &head, int n) {
InitList(head);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
LNode *p = new LNode;
//scanf("%c",&p->data);
p->data = getche();
//cin >> p->data;
p->next = head->next;
head->next = p;
}
}
//尾插法创建循环链表
void CreateLinkList_R(LinkList &head, int n) {
InitList(head);
LinkList r = head;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
LNode *p = new LNode;
//scanf("%c",&p->data);
p->data = getche();
//cin >> p->data;
//p->next=NULL p->next=head
//p->next = r->next;
r->next = p;
r = p;
}
r->next = head; //尾结点next域指向头结点
}
//输出链表元素
void printLinkList(LinkList head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
while (p != head) { //p != L
printf("%c", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
#include
#include //getche()
#include //free()
#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
typedef char ElemType;
typedef int Status;
typedef struct LNode {
ElemType data;
struct LNode *next;
} LNode, *LinkList;
//循环链表初始化
Status InitList(LinkList &head) {
head = new LNode;
//head->next=NULL;
head->next = head;
return OK;
}
//功能菜单
Status choice() {
printf("==================================\n");
printf(" 循环链表操作功能菜单 \n");
printf("1、插入元素 2、查询表长 3、按位查找\n");
printf("4、按值查找 5、删除元素 6、销毁链表\n");
printf("7、清空链表 8、批量插入 9、链表元素\n");
printf("10、头插法创建单链表11、尾插法创建单链表\n");
printf("==================================\n");
return 1;
}
//插入
Status ListInsert(LinkList &head, int i, ElemType e) {
LinkList p = head;
int j = 0;
while (p && (j < i - 1)) {
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (!p || j > i - 1) {
return ERROR;
}
LNode *s = new LNode;
s->data = e;
s->next = p->next;
p->next = s;
return OK;
}
//求单链表长度
Status GetLinkListLength(LinkList head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int length = 0;
while (p != head) { //p!=NULL //单链表不为空表时
length++;
p = p->next;
}
return length;
}
//销毁
Status DestoryLinkList(LinkList &head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
LinkList q;
while (p != head) { //p != L p!=NULL
q = p;
p = p->next;
delete q;
}
head->next = NULL;
// printf("\n销毁成功\n");
return OK;
}
//清空
Status ClearLinkList(LinkList &head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
LinkList q;
while (p != head) { //p != L p!=NULL
q = p;
p = p->next;
delete q;
}
head->next = head; //链表为空
return OK;
}
//取值
Status GetLinkList(LinkList head, int i, ElemType &e) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int j = 1;
while (p != head && j < i) { //p != L
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p == head) {//p==L
return ERROR;
}
e = p->data;
return OK;
}
//查找
int LocateLinkListElem(LinkList head, ElemType e) {
LinkList p = head->next;
int j = 1;
while (p != head && (p->data != e)) {//p != L p!=NULL
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p == head) { //p==L !p<=>p==NULL
return 0;
}
return j;
}
//删除
Status ListDelete(LinkList &head, int i, ElemType &e) {
LinkList p = head;
int j = 0;
while (p->next != head && j < i - 1) { //p != L
p = p->next;
j++;
}
if (p->next == head) { //p==L
return ERROR;
}
LinkList q = p->next;
e = q->data;
p->next = q->next;
delete q;
return OK;
}
//头插法创建循环链表
void CreateLinkList_H(LinkList &head, int n) {
InitList(head);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
LNode *p = new LNode;
//scanf("%c",&p->data);
p->data = getche();
//cin >> p->data;
p->next = head->next;
head->next = p;
}
}
//尾插法创建循环链表
void CreateLinkList_R(LinkList &head, int n) {
InitList(head);
LinkList r = head;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
LNode *p = new LNode;
//scanf("%c",&p->data);
p->data = getche();
//cin >> p->data;
//p->next=NULL p->next=head
//p->next = r->next;
r->next = p;
r = p;
}
r->next = head; //尾结点next域指向头结点
}
//输出链表元素
void printLinkList(LinkList head) {
LinkList p = head->next;
while (p != head) { //p != L
printf("%c", p->data);
p = p->next;
}
printf("\n");
}
int main() {
LinkList list;
//初始化
printf("单链表正在初始化....\n");
int InitStatus = InitList(list);
if (InitStatus == OK) {
printf("单链表初始化成功!\n");
} else {
printf("单链表初始化失败!\n");
}
choice(); //调用功能菜单函数
int temp = 1; //通过改变temp的值来跳出while循环
while (temp) {
int flag;
printf("请输入所需的功能编号:\n");
scanf("%d", &flag);
switch (flag) {//通过开关进行功能选择
case 1: {//插入元素
int insertIndex;
ElemType inserElem;
printf("请输入插入元素位置及插入元素(请在英文状态下输入例如:1,a): \n");
scanf("%d,%c", &insertIndex, &inserElem);
Status InsertS = ListInsert(list, insertIndex, inserElem);
if (InsertS == OK) {
printf("向循环链表%d个位置,插入元素为%c成功!\n\n", insertIndex, inserElem);
} else {
printf("向循环链表插入元素失败!\n\n");
}
}
break;
case 2: {//求单链表的长度
int length = GetLinkListLength(list);
printf("循环链表的长度为:%d。 \n\n", length);
}
break;
case 3: {//取值
Status GetIndex;
printf("请输入需要查询的元素的位置:\n");
scanf("%d", &GetIndex);
ElemType GetElem;
int GetStatus = GetLinkList(list, GetIndex, GetElem);
if (GetStatus == OK) {
printf("从循环链表中获取第%d位置元素成功,所获取到的元素为:%c。\n\n", GetIndex, GetElem);
} else {
printf("从循环链表中获取第%d位置元素失败!\n\n", GetIndex);
}
}
break;
case 4: {//查找
ElemType LocateElem;
printf("请输入想要查找元素:\n");
getchar(); //用于接收回车
scanf("%c", &LocateElem);
Status LocateIndex = LocateLinkListElem(list, LocateElem);
if (LocateIndex > 0) {
printf("从循环链表中查找元素%c成功,它在循环链表中的位置为第%d个!\n\n", LocateElem, LocateIndex);
} else {
printf("从循环链表中查找元素%c失败!\n\n", LocateElem);
}
}
break;
case 5: {//删除
Status DeleteIndex;
printf("请输入想要删除元素的位置:\n");
scanf("%d", &DeleteIndex);
ElemType DeleteElem;
ElemType DeleteStatus = ListDelete(list, DeleteIndex, DeleteElem);
if (DeleteStatus == OK) {
printf("删除循环链表第%d个位置的元素成功,删除的元素为:%c。\n\n", DeleteIndex, DeleteElem);
} else {
printf("删除循环链表第%d个位置的元素失败!\n\n", DeleteIndex);
}
}
break;
case 6: {//销毁
Status DestoryStatus = DestoryLinkList(list);
if (DestoryStatus == OK) {
printf("循环链表销毁成功!\n\n");
} else {
printf("循环链表销毁失败!\n\n");
}
}
break;
case 7: {//清空
Status ClearStatus = ClearLinkList(list);
if (ClearStatus == OK) {
printf("循环链表清空成功!\n\n");
} else {
printf("循环链表清空失败!\n\n");
}
}
break;
case 8: {//批量插入
int on;
printf("请输入想要插入的元素个数:\n");
scanf("%d", &on);
ElemType array[on];
for (int i = 1; i <= on; i++) {
getchar();
printf("向循环链表第%d个位置插入元素为:", (i));
scanf("%c", &array[i]);
}
for (int i = 1; i <= on; i++) {
Status InsertStatus = ListInsert(list, i, array[i]);
if (InsertStatus == OK) {
printf("向循环链表第%d个位置插入元素%c成功!\n", i, array[i]);
} else {
printf("向循环链表第%d个位置插入元素%c失败!\n", i, array[i]);
}
}
}
break;
case 9: {//输出链表元素
//temp=0;
//return 0;
printf("现在链表的元素为:");
printLinkList(list);
}
break;
case 10: {//头插法创建单链表
//getchar();
LinkList L;
printf("请输入五个字符:\n");
CreateLinkList_H(L, 5);
int length = GetLinkListLength(L);
printf("\n循环链表的长度为:%d。 \n", length);
printf("循环链表的元素为:");
printLinkList(L);
printf("\n");
}
break;
case 11: {//尾插法创建单链表
LinkList L;
printf("请输入五个字符:\n");
CreateLinkList_R(L, 5);
int length = GetLinkListLength(L);
printf("\n循环链表的长度为:%d。 \n", length);
printf("循环链表的元素为:");
printLinkList(L);
printf("\n");
}
break;
default:
printf("输入错误,无此功能,请检查输入:\n\n");
}
}
}