软件与数据下载问题

1.首先系统安装软件

ubuntu 18.04 下载软件
apt-get install software

更改系统下载镜像,更换阿里源或者清华源

cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

源文件内容如下:


图片.png

修改为:

# 阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multivers
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# 清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

修改完 保存并更新
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

注意原文件中“bionic” 要与更换源的“bionic”一致,不然更新会出问题

R 相关下载与换源

  1. 安装包
    install.packages("BiocInstaller")
  2. 卸载已安装包
    remove.packages("BiocInstaller")
  3. 查看已加载包
    (.packages())
  4. 卸除已加载包
    detach("package:BiocInstaller")
  5. 查看已安装的包
    installed.packages()
  6. 查看某个安装包提供的函数
    help(package="BiocInstaller")
  7. 查看某个函数属于哪个包
    help("biocLite")
    R包安装路径

.libPaths("~/R/lib") 如果不安装到默认路径,可以在此设置安装路径*
install.packages("ggplot2")
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")

BiocManager::install("Logolas")

图片.png

perl相关下载

perl模块安装:

perl -MCPAN -e 'install 模块'

cpan> install  模块

perl 安装模块换源

cpan[2]> o conf urllist

urllist

0 [[http://www.cpan.org/](http://www.cpan.org/)]

Type 'o conf' to view all configuration items

[http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/](http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CPAN/)

cpan[3]> o conf urllist push https:////[mirrors.aliyun.com/CPAN/](http://mirrors.aliyun.com/CPAN/)

Please use 'o conf commit' to make the config permanent!

cpan[4]> o conf commit

commit: wrote '/root/.cpan/CPAN/MyConfig.pm'

cpan[5]> o conf urllist

urllist

0 [[http://www.cpan.org/](http://www.cpan.org/)]

1 [[https://mirrors.aliyun.com/CPAN/](https://mirrors.aliyun.com/CPAN/)]

Type 'o conf' to view all configuration items

查找模块在哪个路径
/usr/bin/perldoc -l Bio::DB::GFF
在脚本中定义使用模块的路径

1.第一种办法:
use lib qw(绝对路径)


图片.png

perl安装模块会到不同的路径中,缺哪个模块就去找到该模块的路径 ,没有的话在安装

2.第二种办法:

添加perl调用模块的路径到环境变量中

export PERL5LIB="/usr/share/perl5:/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5.26.1:$PERL5LIB"

o conf urllist # 查看cpan模块源

o conf urllist push https:////mirrors.aliyun.com/CPAN/ # 添加阿里云的源

o conf commit # 保存

3.python相关下载

pypi 镜像使用帮助

pypi 镜像每 5 分钟同步一次。

临时使用


pip install -i [https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple](https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple) some-package

注意,simple 不能少, 是 https 而不是 http

设为默认

升级 pip 到最新的版本 (>=10.0.0) 后进行配置:

pip install pip -U

pip config set global.index-url [https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple](https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple)

如果您到 pip 默认源的网络连接较差,临时使用本镜像站来升级 pip:

pip install -i [https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple](https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple) pip -U

光速安装python包

pip install matplotlib==1.5.1 -i [http://pypi.douban.com/simple](http://pypi.douban.com/simple) --trusted-host [pypi.douban.com](http://pypi.douban.com/)

pip install matplotlib -i https://[pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple](http://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple)

删除python包

pip uninstall matplotlib

查看包的版本

pip show matplotlib

不同版本python之间 pip的用法

已有python2.7与python3,没有python3的pip,先安装pip

apt-get install python3-pip

python3.8 -m pip install biopython

安装biopython

if name == 'main' 解释:

当一个脚本直接运行时,一下内容都会被输出


图片.png

当被当做模块使用是:

图片.png

直接运行该脚本时,会运行脚本内所有内容,但是当被模块导入时,不会运行if name == 'main':下面的内容,一般后面会跟main()函数,这样写避免了运行其他脚本,import模块时因为模块名字和该脚本名称一样,导致运行内容不同。

4.shell相关下载

调用for循环批处理文件

for filename in ./seq/*_1.fq.gz
do

提取双端公共文件名,并输出检验

base=filename _1.fq.gz)
echo $base

多行fa序列变一行

awk '/^>/&&NR>1{print "";}{printf "%s",/^>/?0}' file.fa

图片.png

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