requests接口测试基础

发送HTTP请求

导入requests库并将测试的接口地址设为变量

import requests
base_url = 'http://httpbin.org'

Get请求

r =requests.get(base_url+'/get')
print(r.status_code)

Post请求

r=requests.post(base_url+'/post')
print(r.status_code)

Put请求

r=requests.put(base_url+'/put')
print(r.status_code)

Delete请求

r=requests.delete(base_url+'/delete')
print(r.status_code)

Get传入参数

param_data = {'user':'zxw','password':'666'}
r =requests.get(base_url+'/get',params=param_data)
print(r.url)
print(r.status_code)

Post传入参数

form_data = {'user':'zxw','password':'666'}
r=requests.post(base_url+'/post',data=form_data)
print(r.text)

header请求头设置

headers = {
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.108 Safari/537.36'}
r = requests.get("https://www.zhihu.com/",headers=headers)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.text)

Cookies设置

items() 作用:将列表转为元组

cookie={'user':'zxc'}
s = requests.Session()
r = s.get(base_url+'/cookies/set/user/51zxw')
print(r.text)
r = s.get(base_url+'/cookies')
print(r.text)

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.cookies)
print(type(r.cookies))
for key,value in r.cookies.items():
    print(key+':'+value)

超时设置

timeout 是等待时间，超过等待时间没有回应就会报错，下列代码设置为特别短的时间。

cookie={'user':'zxc'}
r = requests.get(base_url+'/cookies',cookies=cookie,timeout=0.003)
print(r.text)

上传文件

file = {'file':open('C:\\Users\\sam\\Desktop\\scre\\test.jpg','rb')}
r = requests.post(base_url+'/post',files=file)
print(r.text)

关闭验证SSL

r = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False)
print(r.text)

代理设置

proxies = {'http':'http://219.141.153.41:80'}
r = requests.get(base_url+'/get',proxies=proxies)
print(r.text)

身份认证

from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
from requests.auth import HTTPDigestAuth
#身份认证-BasicAuth
r = requests.get(base_url+'/basic-auth/51zxw/8888',auth=HTTPBasicAuth('51zxw','8888'))
print(r.text)
#身份认证-DigestAuth
r = requests.get(base_url+'/digest-auth/auth/51zxw/8888',auth=HTTPDigestAuth('51zxw','8888'))
print(r.text)

流式请求

import json
r = requests.get(base_url+'/stream/10',stream=True)

if r.encoding is None:
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'

for line in r.iter_lines(decode_unicode=True):
    if line:
        data = json.loads(line)
        print(data['id'])

接口测试模板

import requests
from urllib import parse
import json

#g构造接口测试数据
data = {'city':'北京'}
city = parse.urlencode(data).encode('utf-8')
url = 'http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/101030100'

#发送请求
r = requests.get(url,params=city)

#将返回结果转化为Json类型
response_data = r.json()

#分别获取日期，相应信息，状态，城市
print(response_data['date'])
print(response_data['message'])
print(response_data['status'])
#print(response_data['cityInfo'][0]['city'])

#获取当日天气
print(response_data['data']['forecast'][0]['date'])
print(response_data['data']['forecast'][0]['type'])
print(response_data['data']['forecast'][0]['high'])
print(response_data['data']['forecast'][0]['low'])

以上转自：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37193944/article/details/88725946

遇到的问题

报错1：requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='console.box.lenovo.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /v2/user/login_new (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:1108)')))

解决方法

# 请求里加个参数verify=False
r = requests.post(url, data, verify=False)

报错2：Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '127.0.0.1'. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised

解决方法

# 在请求前加上下面的语句
requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings()
# 请求
r = requests.post(url,data)