document.getElementsByClassName的理想实现

各种实现方式

Pure DOM

通常先使用getElementsByTagName("*")取出文档中所有元素,然后进行遍历,使用正则表达式找出匹配的元素放入一个数组返回。由于IE5不支持document.getElementsByTagName("*"),要使用分支document.all以防错误。

The Ultimate getElementsByClassName方案,作者为Robert Nyman,05年实现,可见老外许多东西在很早以前就走得很远了。

//三个参数都是必需的,查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒,
//IE6为4610 ~ 6109毫秒,FF3.5为46 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒,Chrome为23~ 26毫秒,
//safari4为19 ~ 20毫秒
function getElementsByClassName(oElm, strTagName, strClassName){
     var arrElements = (strTagName == "*" && oElm.all)? oElm.all :
         oElm.getElementsByTagName(strTagName);
     var arrReturnElements = new Array();
     strClassName = strClassName.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" );
     var oRegExp = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + strClassName + "(\\s|$)" );
     var oElement;
     for ( var i=0; i < arrElements.length; i++){
         oElement = arrElements[i];
         if (oRegExp.test(oElement.className)){
             arrReturnElements.push(oElement);
         }
     }
     return (arrReturnElements)
}

另一个实现,由Dustin Diaz(《JavaScript Design Patterns》的作者)提供,但兼容性不如上面的,不支持IE5。

//后两参数是可靠的,查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时78毫秒,IE6历时125~171毫秒
//FF3.5为42 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 毫秒,Chrome为22~ 25毫秒,safari4为18 ~ 19毫秒
var getElementsByClass = function (searchClass,node,tag) {
         var classElements = new Array();
         if ( node == null )
                 node = document;
         if ( tag == null )
                 tag = '*' ;
         var els = node.getElementsByTagName(tag);
         var elsLen = els.length;
         var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" );
         for (i = 0, j = 0; i < elsLen; i++) {
                 if ( pattern.test(els[i].className) ) {
                         classElements[j] = els[i];
                         j++;
                 }
         }
         return classElements;
}

还有个更古老级的,我从prototype.js1.01版本中找到的,它能支持多个类名的查找(上面两个不行)。它不支持IE5,效率一般般,但作为最早的框架之一,它已经做得很好,其他框架还没有想到这个呢!

//由于这是后期添加的,测试页面已被我删掉,没有做测试……
function getElementsByClassName(className, element) {
     var children = (element || document).getElementsByTagName( '*' );
     var elements = new Array();
  
     for ( var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
         var child = children[i];
         var classNames = child.className.split( ' ' );
         for ( var j = 0; j < classNames.length; j++) {
             if (classNames[j] == className) {
                 elements.push(child);
                 break ;
             }
         }
     }
  
     return elements;
}

DOM Tree Walker

使用document.createTreeWalker,这是个比较不常用的二级DOM方法。可惜IE全系列歇菜。

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,FF3.5为104 ~ 119毫秒,opera10为230 ~ 265毫秒,
//Chrome为119 ~ 128毫秒,safari为28 ~ 32毫秒
var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass) {
     function acceptNode(node) {
         if (node.hasAttribute( "class" )) {
             var c = " " + node.className + " " ;
             if (c.indexOf( " " + searchClass + " " ) != -1)
                 return NodeFilter.FILTER_ACCEPT;
         }
         return NodeFilter.FILTER_SKIP;
     }
     var treeWalker = document.createTreeWalker(document.documentElement,
         NodeFilter.SHOW_ELEMENT, acceptNode, true );
     var returnElements = [];
     if (treeWalker) {
         var node = treeWalker.nextNode();
         while (node) {
             returnElements.push(node);
             node = treeWalker.nextNode();
         }
     }
     return returnElements;
}

XPath

更加新式时髦的技术。

下面取自Prototype.js框架。

document.getElementsByClassName = function (className, parentElement) {
   if (Prototype.BrowserFeatures.XPath) {
     var q = ".//*[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + className + " ')]" ;
     return document._getElementsByXPath(q, parentElement);
   } else {
     var children = ($(parentElement) || document.body).getElementsByTagName( '*' );
     var elements = [], child;
     for ( var i = 0, length = children.length; i < length; i++) {
       child = children[i];
       if (Element.hasClassName(child, className))
         elements.push(Element.extend(child));
     }
     return elements;
   }
};

由于这个是不能运行的,我们修改如下:

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,FF3.5为33 ~ 48毫秒,opera10为31 ~ 32毫秒,
//Chrome为104 ~ 107毫秒,safari为18 ~ 21毫秒
var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) {
     node = node || document;
     tag = tag || '*' ;
     var classes = searchClass.split( " " ),
     patterns = "" ,
     xhtmlNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" ,
     namespaceResolver = (document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtmlNamespace)? xhtmlNamespace : null ,
     returnElements = [],
     elements,
     _node;
     for ( var j=0, jl=classes.length; j<jl; j+=1){
         patterns += "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + classes[j] + " ')]" ;
     }
     try {
         elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, namespaceResolver, 0, null );
     }
     catch (e) {
         elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + patterns, node, null , 0, null );
     }
     while ((_node = elements.iterateNext()))  returnElements.push(_node);
     return returnElements;
}

当然如果游览器原生支持,就用原生的。

各主流游览器的支持情况
IE8 IE7 IE6 FF3 FF2 Saf3 Op9 Op10 Chrome
N N N Y N Y Y Y Y

速度比较一览

document.getElementsByClassName的理想实现

全平台兼顾速度的解决方案

由Robert Nyman提供。

var getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm){
         if (document.getElementsByClassName) {
                 getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {
                         elm = elm || document;
                         var elements = elm.getElementsByClassName(className),
                                 nodeName = (tag)? new RegExp( "\\b" + tag + "\\b" , "i" ) : null ,
                                 returnElements = [],
                                 current;
                         for ( var i=0, il=elements.length; i<il; i+=1){
                                 current = elements[i];
                                 if (!nodeName || nodeName.test(current.nodeName)) {
                                         returnElements.push(current);
                                 }
                         }
                         return returnElements;
                 };
         }
         else if (document.evaluate) {
                 getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {
                         tag = tag || "*" ;
                         elm = elm || document;
                         var classes = className.split( " " ),
                                 classesToCheck = "" ,
                                 xhtmlNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" ,
                                 namespaceResolver = (document.documentElement.namespaceURI === xhtmlNamespace)? xhtmlNamespace : null ,
                                 returnElements = [],
                                 elements,
                                 node;
                         for ( var j=0, jl=classes.length; j<jl; j+=1){
                                 classesToCheck += "[contains(concat(' ', @class, ' '), ' " + classes[j] + " ')]" ;
                         }
                         try     {
                                 elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + classesToCheck, elm, namespaceResolver, 0, null );
                         }
                         catch (e) {
                                 elements = document.evaluate( ".//" + tag + classesToCheck, elm, null , 0, null );
                         }
                         while ((node = elements.iterateNext())) {
                                 returnElements.push(node);
                         }
                         return returnElements;
                 };
         }
         else {
                 getElementsByClassName = function (className, tag, elm) {
                         tag = tag || "*" ;
                         elm = elm || document;
                         var classes = className.split( " " ),
                                 classesToCheck = [],
                                 elements = (tag === "*" && elm.all)? elm.all : elm.getElementsByTagName(tag),
                                 current,
                                 returnElements = [],
                                 match;
                         for ( var k=0, kl=classes.length; k<kl; k+=1){
                                 classesToCheck.push( new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + classes[k] + "(\\s|$)" ));
                         }
                         for ( var l=0, ll=elements.length; l<ll; l+=1){
                                 current = elements[l];
                                 match = false ;
                                 for ( var m=0, ml=classesToCheck.length; m<ml; m+=1){
                                         match = classesToCheck[m].test(current.className);
                                         if (!match) {
                                                 break ;
                                         }
                                 }
                                 if (match) {
                                         returnElements.push(current);
                                 }
                         }
                         return returnElements;
                 };
         }
         return getElementsByClassName(className, tag, elm);
};

综合以上方案,我得出了一个最理想的实现——兼容IE5,让后面两个参数是可选的,能原生的原生,利用字面量与倒序循环提高效率……

//查找一网页中5007个类名为“cell”的元素,IE8历时1828 ~ 1844毫秒,
//IE6为125 ~ 172毫秒,IE8为93 ~ 94毫秒,FF3.5为0~1毫秒,opera10为0毫秒,Chrome为1毫秒,
//safari4为0毫秒
var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass,node,tag) {
     if (document.getElementsByClassName){
         return  document.getElementsByClassName(searchClass)
     } else {    
         node = node || document;
         tag = tag || '*' ;
         var returnElements = []
         var els =  (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag);
         var i = els.length;
         searchClass = searchClass.replace(/\-/g, "\\-" );
         var pattern = new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" +searchClass+ "(\\s|$)" );
         while (--i >= 0){
             if (pattern.test(els[i].className) ) {
                 returnElements.push(els[i]);
             }
         }
         return returnElements;
     }
}

用法:

var collections = getElementsByClassName( "red" );

但它还是不如原生的getElementsByClassName,不能同时检索多个class

< h2 class = "red cell title" >安装支持</ h2 >
  
< span class = "cell red  " >jjj</ span >
  
< div class = "filament_table  red cell" >这是DIV</ div >
  
#利用 var dd = getElementsByClassName("cell red") ,这三个元素都应该能被检索到!

因此,最最终的方案为:

var getElementsByClassName = function (searchClass, node,tag) {
   if (document.getElementsByClassName){
     var nodes =  (node || document).getElementsByClassName(searchClass),result = [];
       for ( var i=0 ;node = nodes[i++];){
         if (tag !== "*" && node.tagName === tag.toUpperCase()){
           result.push(node)
         } else {
           result.push(node)
         }
       }
       return result
     } else {
       node = node || document;
       tag = tag || "*" ;
       var classes = searchClass.split( " " ),
       elements = (tag === "*" && node.all)? node.all : node.getElementsByTagName(tag),
       patterns = [],
       current,
       match;
       var i = classes.length;
       while (--i >= 0){
         patterns.push( new RegExp( "(^|\\s)" + classes[i] + "(\\s|$)" ));
       }
       var j = elements.length;
       while (--j >= 0){
         current = elements[j];
         match = false ;
         for ( var k=0, kl=patterns.length; k<kl; k++){
           match = patterns[k].test(current.className);
           if (!match)  break ;
         }
         if (match)  result.push(current);
       }
       return result;
     }
   }

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