codefoces 24D Broken robot(期望)

题目链接:http://codeforces.com/contest/24/problem/D

题意:一个n*m的格子,初始时在(X,Y)。每一步,保持不动、左移、右移、下移的概率相等。求移动到最后一行的期望。

思路:设p[i][j]表示从(i,j)到结束的期望,则:

      j=1,p[i][j]=(p[i][j]+p[i][j+1]+p[i+1][j])/3+1

2<=j<=m-1,p[i][j]=(p[i][j]+p[i][j-1]+p[i][j+1]+p[i+1][j])/4+1

      j=m,p[i][j]=(p[i][j]+p[i][j-1]+p[i+1][j])/3+1

将p[i][j]移到左边,令c[1]=c[m]=p[i+1][j]/2+1.5,c[j]=p[i+1][j]/3+4/3(2<=j<=m-1),则:

      j=1,p[i][j]=p[i][j+1]/2+c[1]

2<=j<=m-1,p[i][j]=p[i][j-1]/3+p[i][j+1]/3+c[j]

      j=m,p[i][j]=p[i][j-1]/2+c[m]

得到方程组。下面解方程组。

codefoces 24D Broken robot(期望)

import java.util.*;

import java.text.*;

import java.math.*;



public class Main{

    

    static double EPS=1e-10;

    static double PI=Math.acos(-1.0);

    

    static double p[][]=new double[1005][1005];

    static double A[]=new double[1005];

    static double B[]=new double[1005];

    static double C[]=new double[1005];

    static int n,m,x,y;

    

    

    public static void PR(String s){

        System.out.println(s);

    }

    

    public static void PR(int x)

    {

        System.out.println(x);

    }

    

    public static void PR(double s)

    {

        java.text.DecimalFormat d=new java.text.DecimalFormat("#.000000000");

        System.out.println(d.format(s));

    }

    

    public static double cal()

    {

        if(m==1) return 2.0*(n-x);

        int i,j;

        double temp;

        for(i=1;i<=m;i++) p[n][i]=0;

        for(i=n-1;i>=x;i--)

        {

            C[1]=p[i+1][1]/2+1.5;

            C[m]=p[i+1][m]/2+1.5;

            for(j=2;j<=m-1;j++) C[j]=p[i+1][j]/3+4.0/3;

            

            A[1]=1; B[1]=-0.5;

            for(j=2;j<=m-1;j++)

            {

                temp=1.0/3/A[j-1];

                A[j]=temp*B[j-1]+1;

                B[j]=-1.0/3;

                C[j]+=temp*C[j-1];

            }

            temp=0.5/A[j-1];

            A[j]=temp*B[j-1]+1;

            C[j]+=temp*C[j-1];

            p[i][m]=C[m]/A[m];

            for(j=m-1;j>=1;j--) p[i][j]=(C[j]-p[i][j+1]*B[j])/A[j];

        }

        return p[x][y];

    }

    

    public static void main(String[] args){

  

        Scanner S=new Scanner(System.in);

        while(S.hasNext())

        {

            n=S.nextInt();

            m=S.nextInt();

            x=S.nextInt();

            y=S.nextInt();

            PR(cal());

        }

    }

}

  

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