Java密码加密工具类总结(附源码)

  1. MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)

    • 类型: 哈希算法(不可逆)
    • 用途: 生成数据的固定长度摘要,用于数据完整性校验
    • 安全性: 已被证明不够安全,容易遭受碰撞攻击(不同输入产生相同的输出)
    • 应用场景: 数据校验,文件完整性检查,不推荐用于密码存储
  2. SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit)

    • 类型: 哈希算法(不可逆)
    • 用途: 生成数据的固定长度摘要,具有较高的安全性
    • 安全性: 比MD5更安全,但仍存在理论上的碰撞风险
    • 应用场景: 数据完整性校验,数字签名,密码哈希
  3. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

    • 类型: 对称加密算法
    • 用途: 加密和解密数据,使用同一个密钥
    • 安全性: 非常安全,广泛应用于各种加密需求
    • 应用场景: 数据加密存储,网络通信加密,文件加密
  4. DES (Data Encryption Standard)

    • 类型: 对称加密算法
    • 用途: 加密和解密数据,使用同一个密钥
    • 安全性: 已过时,密钥长度较短(56位),容易被暴力破解
    • 应用场景: 过去用于数据加密,现在主要用于历史兼容性或教育目的
  5. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

    • 类型: 非对称加密算法
    • 用途: 使用公钥加密,私钥解密,支持数字签名
    • 安全性: 非常安全,但计算复杂度较高,适用于小数据块
    • 应用场景: 密钥交换,数字签名,安全邮件,SSL/TLS
  6. BCrypt

    • 类型: 基于Blowfish加密算法的密码哈希函数
    • 用途: 保护密码,具有可调节的复杂度因子(cost factor)
    • 安全性: 非常安全,设计用于防止彩虹表攻击和暴力破解
    • 应用场景: 密码存储

总结

  • 哈希算法 (MD5, SHA-256): 主要用于数据完整性校验,SHA-256比MD5更安全。
  • 对称加密算法 (AES, DES): 适用于加密和解密数据,AES更安全且广泛使用,DES已过时。
  • 非对称加密算法 (RSA): 适用于密钥交换和数字签名,安全但计算复杂度高。
  • 密码哈希算法 (BCrypt): 专门设计用于密码存储,具有高安全性。

适用范围

  • 密码存储: BCrypt
  • 数据加密: AES
  • 数据完整性校验: SHA-256
  • 密钥交换和数字签名: RSA

        根据具体需求选择合适的加密方式,如对密码存储使用BCrypt,对数据加密使用AES,进行数据完整性校验使用SHA-256,不同的加密方式在其使用目的、算法复杂度、安全性和应用场景上有所区别

使用java.security包中的MessageDigest进行MD5加密

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class MD5Util {
    public static String md5(String input) {
        try {
            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
            byte[] messageDigest = md.digest(input.getBytes());
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (byte b : messageDigest) {
                sb.append(String.format("%02x", b));
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String original = "password";
        String hashed = md5(original);
        System.out.println("Original: " + original);
        System.out.println("MD5 Hashed: " + hashed);
    }
}

使用javax.crypto包进行AES加密

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

public class AESUtil {
    private static final String ALGORITHM = "AES";

    public static String encrypt(String data, String key) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), ALGORITHM);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedData, String key) throws Exception {
        SecretKeySpec secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(), ALGORITHM);
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedData);
        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(decoded);
        return new String(original);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            String key = "1234567890123456"; // 16-byte key
            String original = "password";
            String encrypted = encrypt(original, key);
            String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);

            System.out.println("Original: " + original);
            System.out.println("Encrypted: " + encrypted);
            System.out.println("Decrypted: " + decrypted);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用BCrypt进行密码加密

import org.mindrot.jbcrypt.BCrypt;

public class BCryptUtil {
    public static String hashPassword(String password) {
        return BCrypt.hashpw(password, BCrypt.gensalt());
    }

    public static boolean checkPassword(String password, String hashed) {
        return BCrypt.checkpw(password, hashed);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String original = "password";
        String hashed = hashPassword(original);

        System.out.println("Original: " + original);
        System.out.println("BCrypt Hashed: " + hashed);
        System.out.println("Password matches: " + checkPassword(original, hashed));
    }
}

使用javax.crypto包进行RSA加密

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.util.Base64;

public class RSAUtil {
    private static final String ALGORITHM = "RSA";

    public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        keyGen.initialize(2048);
        return keyGen.generateKeyPair();
    }

    public static String encrypt(String data, PublicKey publicKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedData, PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedData);
        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(decoded);
        return new String(original);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            KeyPair keyPair = generateKeyPair();
            PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();

            String original = "password";
            String encrypted = encrypt(original, publicKey);
            String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, privateKey);

            System.out.println("Original: " + original);
            System.out.println("Encrypted: " + encrypted);
            System.out.println("Decrypted: " + decrypted);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

使用java.security包中的MessageDigest进行SHA-256加密

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

public class SHA256Util {
    public static String sha256(String input) {
        try {
            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
            byte[] encodedhash = digest.digest(input.getBytes());
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (byte b : encodedhash) {
                sb.append(String.format("%02x", b));
            }
            return sb.toString();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String original = "password";
        String hashed = sha256(original);
        System.out.println("Original: " + original);
        System.out.println("SHA-256 Hashed: " + hashed);
    }
}

使用javax.crypto包进行DES加密

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;

public class DESUtil {
    private static final String ALGORITHM = "DES";

    public static String encrypt(String data, SecretKey key) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
        byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
    }

    public static String decrypt(String encryptedData, SecretKey key) throws Exception {
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
        byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptedData);
        byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(decoded);
        return new String(original);
    }

    public static SecretKey generateKey() throws Exception {
        KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        keyGen.init(56); // DES requires a key size of 56 bits
        return keyGen.generateKey();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            SecretKey key = generateKey();
            String original = "password";
            String encrypted = encrypt(original, key);
            String decrypted = decrypt(encrypted, key);

            System.out.println("Original: " + original);
            System.out.println("Encrypted: " + encrypted);
            System.out.println("Decrypted: " + decrypted);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

你可能感兴趣的:(Java进阶,java,安全,算法)