1. core文件的简单介绍
在一个程序崩溃时,它一般会在指定目录下生成一个core文件。core文件仅仅是一个内存映象(同时加上调试信息),主要是用来调试的。
2. 开启或关闭core文件的生成
用以下命令来阻止系统生成core文件:ulimit -c 0下面的命令可以检查生成core文件的选项是否打开:ulimit -a该命令将显示所有的用户定制,其中选项-a代表“all”。也可以修改系统文件来调整core选项在/etc/profile通常会有这样一句话来禁止产生core文件,通常这种设置是合理的:# No core files by defaultulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1但是在开发过程中有时为了调试问题,还是需要在特定的用户环境下打开core文件产生的设置在用户的~/.bash_profile里加上ulimit -c unlimited来让特定的用户可以产生core文件如果ulimit -c 0则也是禁止产生core文件,而ulimit -c 1024则限制产生的core文件的大小不能超过1024kb
3. 设置Core Dump的核心转储文件目录和命名规则
/proc/sys/kernel/core_uses_pid可以控制产生的core文件的文件名中是否添加pid作为扩展,如果添加则文件内容为1,否则为0proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern可以设置格式化的core文件保存位置或文件名,比如原来文件内容是core-%e可以这样修改:echo "/corefile/core-%e-%p-%t" > core_pattern将会控制所产生的core文件会存放到/corefile目录下,产生的文件名为core-命令名-pid-时间戳以下是参数列表:%p - insert pid into filename 添加pid%u - insert current uid into filename 添加当前uid%g - insert current gid into filename 添加当前gid%s - insert signal that caused the coredump into the filename 添加导致产生core的信号%t - insert UNIX time that the coredump occurred into filename 添加core文件生成时的unix时间%h - insert hostname where the coredump happened into filename 添加主机名%e - insert coredumping executable name into filename 添加命令名
4. 使用core文件
在core文件所在目录下键入:gdb -c core它会启动GNU的调试器,来调试core文件,并且会显示生成此core文件的程序名,中止此程序的信号等等如果你已经知道是由什么程序生成此core文件的,比如MyServer崩溃了生成core.12345,那么用此指令调试:gdb -c core MyServer以下怎么办就该去学习gdb的使用了
5. 一个小方法来测试产生core文件
[root@ys hello]# ulimit -c 0
[root@ys hello]# ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) unlimited
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 4096
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
[root@ys hello]# ulimit -c 1024
[root@ys hello]# ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 1024
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) unlimited
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) 4096
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
[root@ys hello]# cat test.c
#include <stdio.h>
const char *str = "test";
void core_test(){
str[1] = 'T';
}
int main(){
core_test();
return 0;
}
[root@ys hello]# gcc -g test.c -o test
test.c: In function `core_test':
test.c:4: warning: assignment of read-only location
[root@ys hello]# ./test
段错误 (core dumped)
[root@ys hello]# ls
core.2795 test test.c
[root@ys hello]# gdb test core.2795
GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (5.3post-0.20021129.18rh)
Copyright 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux-gnu"...
Core was generated by `./test'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
Readingsymbols from /lib/tls/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/tls/libc.so.6
Readingsymbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
#0 0x080482fd in core_test () at test.c:4
4 str[1] = 'T';
(gdb) where
#0 0x080482fd in core_test () at test.c:4
#1 0x08048317 in main () at test.c:8
#2 0x42015574 in __libc_start_main () from /lib/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) q