OpenCV视频目标跟踪示例教程(Meanshift)


      使用Opencv中的Camshift进行视频中目标跟踪是一个不错的选择,这方面的示例很多,但是大多代码不全,或者代码存在问题,不能正常使用,这里,对很多文章进行整理后,贴出了正确可以使用的代码。

      首先下载OpenCV,  http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/

      安装Opencv ,他是exe,可以直接安装。

      具体安装过程见转载的一篇博文:http://blog.csdn.net/luopeiyuan1990/article/details/8775069

      安装完成后,建立工程勿忘记在工程汇总添加include和lib的搜索目录,最后也要添加动态链接库如下:

     使用开发环境:VS2010实测。

动态链接库   

opencv_core245d.lib
opencv_core245.lib
opencv_highgui245.lib
opencv_highgui245d.lib
opencv_imgproc245.lib
opencv_imgproc245d.lib
opencv_video245.lib
opencv_video245d.lib

         如果不安装错误信息的其中一条如下:
错误1error LNK2019: 无法解析的外部符号 "void __cdecl cv::destroyWindow(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (?destroyWindow@cv@@YAXABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@@Z),该符号在函数 _main 中被引用E:\documents\visual studio 2010\Projects\Track\Track\main.obj


错误原因:库文件设置不正确
解决办法:项目->属性->连接器->输入->附加依赖项,添加程序所依赖的库文件,本程序用到opencv_core220d.lib 和opencv_highgui220d.lib(上面的动态库建议全部加上)


使用过程中还可能出现其他错误比如:

proxytrans.ax could not be loaded
本错误时Opencv1.0中的一个注册项的缺省安装造成,安装opencv1.0就可以了,地址如下:

http://www.opencv.org.cn/download/OpenCV_1.0.exe


另一个错误:
错误::“cvSetMouseCallback”: 不能将参数 2 从“void (__cdecl *)(int,int,int,int)”转换为“CvMouseCallback”

原因:函数命名不符合Opencv的命名规范如下更改即可。
//void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags )
void on_mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param)


汇总例程的下载地址:

http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/36709094.html

一个可以参考的教程下载地址如下:

http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/9105002.html


下面贴出本例程中,使用的代码,实现了,简单的目标的跟踪:使用的是笔记本自带的摄像头,可以简单的跟踪你的脸哦,呵呵。还不是太灵敏,有待改进,本例程是结合,Opencv自带的例程以及网友的贡献代码更改,有任何问题,可以给我留言,或者联系我,方式见上。


 

#include "cv.h"

#include "highgui.h"

#include <stdio.h>

#include <ctype.h>

IplImage *image = 0, *hsv = 0, *hue = 0, *mask = 0, *backproject = 0, *histimg = 0;

CvHistogram *hist = 0;

int backproject_mode = 0;

int select_object = 0;

int track_object = 0;

int show_hist = 1; 

CvPoint origin;

CvRect selection;

CvRect track_window;

CvBox2D track_box; // tracking 返回的区域 box,带角度

CvConnectedComp track_comp;

int hdims = 48;     // 划分HIST的个数,越高越精确

float hranges_arr[] = {0,180};

float* hranges = hranges_arr;

int vmin = 10, vmax = 256, smin = 30;

//void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags )

void on_mouse(int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* param)

{

    if( !image )

        return;

    if( image->origin )

        y = image->height - y;

    if( select_object )

    {

        selection.x = MIN(x,origin.x);

        selection.y = MIN(y,origin.y);

        selection.width = selection.x + CV_IABS(x - origin.x);

        selection.height = selection.y + CV_IABS(y - origin.y);

        

        selection.x = MAX( selection.x, 0 );

        selection.y = MAX( selection.y, 0 );

        selection.width = MIN( selection.width, image->width );

        selection.height = MIN( selection.height, image->height );

        selection.width -= selection.x;

        selection.height -= selection.y;

    }

    switch( event )

    {

    case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:

        origin = cvPoint(x,y);

        selection = cvRect(x,y,0,0);

        select_object = 1;

        break;

    case CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP:

        select_object = 0;

        if( selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )

            track_object = -1;

#ifdef _DEBUG

    printf("\n # 鼠标的选择区域:"); 

    printf("\n   X = %d, Y = %d, Width = %d, Height = %d",

        selection.x, selection.y, selection.width, selection.height);

#endif

        break;

    }

}



CvScalar hsv2rgb( float hue )

{

    int rgb[3], p, sector;

    static const int sector_data[][3]=

        {{0,2,1}, {1,2,0}, {1,0,2}, {2,0,1}, {2,1,0}, {0,1,2}};

    hue *= 0.033333333333333333333333333333333f;

    sector = cvFloor(hue);

    p = cvRound(255*(hue - sector));

    p ^= sector & 1 ? 255 : 0;

    rgb[sector_data[sector][0]] = 255;

    rgb[sector_data[sector][1]] = 0;

    rgb[sector_data[sector][2]] = p;

#ifdef _DEBUG

    printf("\n # Convert HSV to RGB:"); 

    printf("\n   HUE = %f", hue);

    printf("\n   R = %d, G = %d, B = %d", rgb[0],rgb[1],rgb[2]);

#endif

    return cvScalar(rgb[2], rgb[1], rgb[0],0);

}

int main( int argc, char** argv )

{

    CvCapture* capture = 0;

    IplImage* frame = 0;

    

    if( argc == 1 || (argc == 2 && strlen(argv[1]) == 1 && isdigit(argv[1][0])))

        capture = cvCaptureFromCAM( argc == 2 ? argv[1][0] - '0' : 0 );

    else if( argc == 2 )

        capture = cvCaptureFromAVI( argv[1] ); 

    if( !capture )

    {

        fprintf(stderr,"Could not initialize capturing...\n");

        return -1;

    }

    printf( "Hot keys: \n"

        "\tESC - quit the program\n"

        "\tc - stop the tracking\n"

        "\tb - switch to/from backprojection view\n"

        "\th - show/hide object histogram\n"

        "To initialize tracking, select the object with mouse\n" );

    //cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );

    cvNamedWindow( "CamShiftDemo", 1 );

    cvSetMouseCallback( "CamShiftDemo", on_mouse, NULL ); // on_mouse 自定义事件

    cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmin", "CamShiftDemo", &vmin, 256, 0 );

    cvCreateTrackbar( "Vmax", "CamShiftDemo", &vmax, 256, 0 );

    cvCreateTrackbar( "Smin", "CamShiftDemo", &smin, 256, 0 );

    for(;;)

    {

        int i, bin_w, c;

        frame = cvQueryFrame( capture );

        if( !frame )

            break;

        if( !image )

        {

            /* allocate all the buffers */

            image = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );

            image->origin = frame->origin;

            hsv = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 3 );

            hue = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

            mask = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

            backproject = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(frame), 8, 1 );

            hist = cvCreateHist( 1, &hdims, CV_HIST_ARRAY, &hranges, 1 ); // 计算直方图

            histimg = cvCreateImage( cvSize(320,200), 8, 3 );

            cvZero( histimg );

        }

        cvCopy( frame, image, 0 );

        cvCvtColor( image, hsv, CV_BGR2HSV ); // 彩色空间转换 BGR to HSV 

        if( track_object )

        {

            int _vmin = vmin, _vmax = vmax;

            cvInRangeS( hsv, cvScalar(0,smin,MIN(_vmin,_vmax),0),

                        cvScalar(180,256,MAX(_vmin,_vmax),0), mask ); // 得到二值的MASK

            cvSplit( hsv, hue, 0, 0, 0 ); // 只提取 HUE 分量

            if( track_object < 0 )

            {

                float max_val = 0.f;

                cvSetImageROI( hue, selection ); // 得到选择区域 for ROI

                cvSetImageROI( mask, selection ); // 得到选择区域 for mask

                cvCalcHist( &hue, hist, 0, mask ); // 计算直方图

                cvGetMinMaxHistValue( hist, 0, &max_val, 0, 0 ); // 只找最大值

                cvConvertScale( hist->bins, hist->bins, max_val ? 255. / max_val : 0., 0 ); // 缩放 bin 到区间 [0,255] 

                cvResetImageROI( hue ); // remove ROI

                cvResetImageROI( mask );

                track_window = selection;

                track_object = 1;

                cvZero( histimg );

                bin_w = histimg->width / hdims; // hdims: 条的个数,则 bin_w 为条的宽度

                

                // 画直方图

                for( i = 0; i < hdims; i++ )

                {

                    int val = cvRound( cvGetReal1D(hist->bins,i)*histimg->height/255 );

                    CvScalar color = hsv2rgb(i*180.f/hdims);

                    cvRectangle( histimg, cvPoint(i*bin_w,histimg->height),

                                 cvPoint((i+1)*bin_w,histimg->height - val),

                                 color, -1, 8, 0 );

                }

            }

            cvCalcBackProject( &hue, backproject, hist ); // 使用 back project 方法

            cvAnd( backproject, mask, backproject, 0 );

            

            // calling CAMSHIFT 算法模块

            cvCamShift( backproject, track_window,

                        cvTermCriteria( CV_TERMCRIT_EPS | CV_TERMCRIT_ITER, 10, 1 ),

                        &track_comp, &track_box );

            track_window = track_comp.rect;

            

            if( backproject_mode )

                cvCvtColor( backproject, image, CV_GRAY2BGR ); // 使用backproject灰度图像

            if( image->origin )

                track_box.angle = -track_box.angle;

            cvEllipseBox( image, track_box, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 );

        }

        

        if( select_object && selection.width > 0 && selection.height > 0 )

        {

            cvSetImageROI( image, selection );

            cvXorS( image, cvScalarAll(255), image, 0 );

            cvResetImageROI( image );

        }

        cvShowImage( "CamShiftDemo", image );

        cvShowImage( "Histogram", histimg );

        c = cvWaitKey(10);

        if( c == 27 )

            break; // exit from for-loop

        switch( c )

        {

        case 'b':

            backproject_mode ^= 1;

            break;

        case 'c':

            track_object = 0;

            cvZero( histimg );

            break;

        case 'h':

            show_hist ^= 1;

            if( !show_hist )

                cvDestroyWindow( "Histogram" );

            else

                cvNamedWindow( "Histogram", 1 );

            break;

        default:

            ;

        }

    }

    cvReleaseCapture( &capture );

    cvDestroyWindow("CamShiftDemo");

    return 0;

}


 





 

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